SpringBoot3之Web编程

标签：Rest.拦截器.swagger.测试;

一、简介

基于web包的依赖，SpringBoot可以快速启动一个web容器，简化项目的开发；

在web开发中又涉及如下几个功能点：

拦截器：可以让接口被访问之前，将请求拦截到，通过对请求的识别和校验，判断请求是否允许通过；

页面交互：对于服务端的开发来说，需要具备简单的页面开发能力，解决部分场景的需求；

Swagger接口：通过简单的配置，快速生成接口的描述，并且提供对接口的测试能力；

Junit测试：通过编写代码的方式对接口进行测试，从而完成对接口的检查和验证，并且可以不入侵原代码结构；

二、工程搭建

1、工程结构

2、依赖管理

<!-- 基础框架组件 -->
<dependency><groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId><artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId><version>${spring-boot.version}</version>
</dependency>
<!-- 接口文档组件 -->
<dependency><groupId>org.springdoc</groupId><artifactId>springdoc-openapi-starter-webmvc-ui</artifactId><version>${springdoc.version}</version>
</dependency>
<!-- 前端页面组件 -->
<dependency><groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId><artifactId>spring-boot-starter-thymeleaf</artifactId><version>${spring-boot.version}</version>
</dependency>
<!-- 单元测试组件 -->
<dependency><groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId><artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId><version>${spring-boot.version}</version><exclusions><exclusion><groupId>org.slf4j</groupId><artifactId>slf4j-api</artifactId></exclusion></exclusions>
</dependency>
<dependency><groupId>junit</groupId><artifactId>junit</artifactId><version>${junit.version}</version>
</dependency>

三、Web开发

1、接口开发

编写四个简单常规的接口，从对资源操作的角度，也就是常说的：增Post、删Delete、改Put、查Get，并且使用了swagger注解，可以快速生成接口文档；

@RestController
@Tag(name = "Rest接口")
public class RestWeb {@Operation(summary = "Get接口")@GetMapping("rest/get/{id}")public String restGet(@PathVariable Integer id) {return "OK:"+id;}@Operation(summary = "Post接口")@PostMapping("/rest/post")public String restPost(@RequestBody ParamBO param){return "OK:"+param.getName();}@Operation(summary = "Put接口")@PutMapping("/rest/put")public String restPut(@RequestBody ParamBO param){return "OK:"+param.getId();}@Operation(summary = "Delete接口")@DeleteMapping("/rest/delete/{id}")public String restDelete(@PathVariable Integer id){return "OK:"+id;}
}

2、页面交互

对于服务端开发来说，在部分场景下是需要进行简单的页面开发的，比如通过页面渲染再去生成文件，或者直接通过页面填充邮件内容等；

数据接口

@Controller
public class PageWeb {@RequestMapping("/page/view")public ModelAndView pageView (HttpServletRequest request){ModelAndView modelAndView = new ModelAndView() ;// 普通参数modelAndView.addObject("name", "cicada");modelAndView.addObject("time", "2023-07-12");// 对象模型modelAndView.addObject("page", new PageBO(7,"页面数据模型"));// List集合List<PageBO> pageList = new ArrayList<>() ;pageList.add(new PageBO(1,"第一页"));pageList.add(new PageBO(2,"第二页"));modelAndView.addObject("pageList", pageList);// Array数组PageBO[] pageArr = new PageBO[]{new PageBO(6,"第六页"),new PageBO(7,"第七页")} ;modelAndView.addObject("pageArr", pageArr);modelAndView.setViewName("/page-view");return modelAndView ;}
}

页面解析：分别解析了普通参数，实体对象，集合容器，数组容器等几种数据模型；

<div style="text-align: center"><hr/><h5>普通参数解析</h5>姓名：<span th:text="${name}"></span>时间：<span th:text="${time}"></span><hr/><h5>对象模型解析</h5>整形：<span th:text="${page.getKey()}"></span>字符：<span th:text="${page.getValue()}"></span><hr/><h5>集合容器解析</h5><table style="margin:0 auto;width: 200px"><tr><th>Key</th><th>Value</th></tr><tr th:each="page:${pageList}"><td th:text="${page.getKey()}"></td><td th:text="${page.getValue()}"></td></tr></table><hr/><h5>数组容器解析</h5><table style="margin:0 auto;width: 200px"><tr><th>Key</th><th>Value</th></tr><tr th:each="page:${pageArr}"><td th:text="${page.getKey()}"></td><td th:text="${page.getValue()}"></td></tr></table><hr/>
</div>

效果图展示

四、拦截器

1、拦截器定义

通过实现HandlerInterceptor接口，完成对两个拦截器的自定义，请求在访问服务时，必须通过两个拦截器的校验；

/*** 拦截器一*/
public class HeadInterceptor implements HandlerInterceptor {private static final Logger log  = LoggerFactory.getLogger(HeadInterceptor.class);@Overridepublic boolean preHandle(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response,Object handler) throws Exception {log.info("HeadInterceptor:preHandle");Iterator<String> headNames = request.getHeaderNames().asIterator();log.info("request-header");while (headNames.hasNext()){String headName = headNames.next();String headValue = request.getHeader(headName);System.out.println(headName+":"+headValue);}// 放开拦截return true;}@Overridepublic void postHandle(HttpServletRequest request,HttpServletResponse response,Object handler, ModelAndView modelAndView) throws Exception {log.info("HeadInterceptor:postHandle");}@Overridepublic void afterCompletion(HttpServletRequest request,HttpServletResponse response,Object handler, Exception e) throws Exception {log.info("HeadInterceptor:afterCompletion");}
}/*** 拦截器二*/
public class BodyInterceptor implements HandlerInterceptor {private static final Logger log  = LoggerFactory.getLogger(BodyInterceptor.class);@Overridepublic boolean preHandle(HttpServletRequest request,HttpServletResponse response,Object handler) throws Exception {log.info("BodyInterceptor:preHandle");Iterator<String> paramNames = request.getParameterNames().asIterator();log.info("request-param");while (paramNames.hasNext()){String paramName = paramNames.next();String paramValue = request.getParameter(paramName);System.out.println(paramName+":"+paramValue);}// 放开拦截return true;}@Overridepublic void postHandle(HttpServletRequest request,HttpServletResponse response,Object handler, ModelAndView modelAndView) throws Exception {log.info("BodyInterceptor:postHandle");}@Overridepublic void afterCompletion(HttpServletRequest request,HttpServletResponse response,Object handler, Exception e) throws Exception {log.info("BodyInterceptor:afterCompletion");}
}

2、拦截器配置

自定义拦截器之后，还需要添加到web工程的配置文件中，可以通过实现WebMvcConfigurer接口，完成自定义的配置添加；

@Configuration
public class WebMvcConfig implements WebMvcConfigurer {/*** 添加自定义拦截器*/@Overridepublic void addInterceptors(InterceptorRegistry registry) {registry.addInterceptor(new HeadInterceptor()).addPathPatterns("/**");registry.addInterceptor(new BodyInterceptor()).addPathPatterns("/**");}
}

五、测试工具

1、Swagger接口

添加上述的springdoc依赖之后，还可以在配置文件中简单定义一些信息，访问IP:端口/swagger-ui/index.html即可；

@Configuration
public class WebMvcConfig implements WebMvcConfigurer {/*** 接口文档配置*/@Beanpublic OpenAPI openAPI() {return new OpenAPI().info(new Info().title("【boot-web】").description("Rest接口文档-2023-07-11").version("1.0.0"));}
}

2、Junit测试

在个人的习惯上，Swagger接口文档更偏向在前后端对接的时候使用，而Junit单元测试更符合开发的时候使用，这里是对RestWeb中的接口进行测试；

@RunWith(SpringRunner.class)
@SpringBootTest
@AutoConfigureMockMvc
public class RestWebTest {@Autowiredprivate MockMvc mockMvc;@Testpublic void testGet () throws Exception {// GET接口测试MvcResult mvcResult = mockMvc.perform(MockMvcRequestBuilders.get("/rest/get/1")).andReturn();printMvcResult(mvcResult);}@Testpublic void testPost () throws Exception {// 参数模型JsonMapper jsonMapper = new JsonMapper();ParamBO param = new ParamBO(null,"单元测试",new Date()) ;String paramJson = jsonMapper.writeValueAsString(param) ;// Post接口测试MvcResult mvcResult = mockMvc.perform(MockMvcRequestBuilders.post("/rest/post").contentType(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON).accept(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON).content(paramJson)).andReturn();printMvcResult(mvcResult);}@Testpublic void testPut () throws Exception {// 参数模型JsonMapper jsonMapper = new JsonMapper();ParamBO param = new ParamBO(7,"Junit组件",new Date()) ;String paramJson = jsonMapper.writeValueAsString(param) ;// Put接口测试MvcResult mvcResult = mockMvc.perform(MockMvcRequestBuilders.put("/rest/put").contentType(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON).accept(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON).content(paramJson)).andReturn();printMvcResult(mvcResult);}@Testpublic void testDelete () throws Exception {// Delete接口测试MvcResult mvcResult = mockMvc.perform(MockMvcRequestBuilders.delete("/rest/delete/2")).andReturn();printMvcResult(mvcResult);}/*** 打印【MvcResult】信息*/private void printMvcResult (MvcResult mvcResult) throws Exception {System.out.println("请求-URI【"+mvcResult.getRequest().getRequestURI()+"】");System.out.println("响应-status【"+mvcResult.getResponse().getStatus()+"】");System.out.println("响应-content【"+mvcResult.getResponse().getContentAsString(StandardCharsets.UTF_8)+"】");}
}

六、参考源码

文档仓库：
https://gitee.com/cicadasmile/butte-java-note源码仓库：
https://gitee.com/cicadasmile/butte-spring-parent