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Python调用外部电商API的详细步骤

news 2026/2/11 0:08:08

Python是一种高级编程语言，非常适合用于集成API，即应用程序编程接口。API通常是由网站和各种软件提供的接口，可以让不同的程序之间进行数据交换和通信。在Python中调用API，可以帮助我们轻松地获取数据，并将其整合到我们的应用程序中。

在这篇文章中，我们将介绍Python中如何调用API，以及在实际项目中如何应用它。我们的例子是调用item_get获取淘宝商品详情数据的API，一个提供各大电商数据接口的在线服务。

步骤1：注册并获取API密钥

大多数API会要求你注册，然后提供API密钥以访问其数据。在OpenAPI中，你需要前往网站_https://o0b.cn/jennif_进行注册并获取API密钥。登陆后，您会看到您的API key。

步骤2：安装requests模块

requests模块是Python中使用API的重要工具。如果从未安装过，请在终端或命令行中运行“pip install requests”来安装requests模块。

步骤3：构建API请求

通过使用requests模块中的get()方法发送HTTP GET请求来探索API。例如，要获取淘宝商品详情数据，请使用以下代码：

# coding:utf-8
"""
Compatible for python2.x and python3.x
requirement: pip install requests
"""
from __future__ import print_function
import requests
# 请求示例 url 默认请求参数已经做URL编码
url = "https://api-服务器.cn/taobao/item_get/?key=<your_api_key>&secret=<your_apiSecret>&num_iid=652874751412&is_promotion=1"
headers = {"Accept-Encoding": "gzip","Connection": "close"
}
if __name__ == "__main__":r = requests.get(url, headers=headers)json_obj = r.json()print(json_obj)

您需要将您的API key替换“{your_api_key}” 然后将城市名称代入到url中。运行这段代码，我们即可获得item_get API返回的JSON格式的淘宝商品详情数据。

步骤4：解读API响应

API响应通常是在JSON格式中返回的。这些响应包含有关API请求的信息，例如成功或失败消息，以及我们需要的数据。在上面的代码中，我们将API响应解析为JSON，并将其存储在变量“item”中。我们可以访问其中的具体数据元素，如商品标题、库存、销量、价格等。

"item": {"num_iid": "652874751412","title": "北欧轻奢布艺沙发 小户型简约现代客厅ins风网红款三双人订制沙发","desc_short": "","price": "480.00","total_price": 0,"suggestive_price": 0,"orginal_price": "480.00","nick": "惜情yqq1127","num": "200","min_num": 0,"detail_url": "https://item.taobao.com/item.htm?id=652874751412","pic_url": "//img.alicdn.com/imgextra/i4/2568161054/O1CN01aYBriY1Jem9UDtt9e_!!2568161054.jpg","brand": "#0 工厂","brandId": "1435187098","rootCatId": "50008164","cid": "50020632","crumbs": [],"created_time": "","modified_time": "","delist_time": "","desc": "<img size=\"27893\">https://img.alicdn.com/imgextra/i3/2568161054/O1CN01LFmSOU1Jem9QOjMPb_!!2568161054.jpg</img><img size=\"132455\">https://img.alicdn.com/imgextra/i3/2568161054/O1CN014vyOOT1Jem9DpHz3Y_!!2568161054.jpg</img><img size=\"2455\">https://img.alicdn.com/imgextra/i1/2568161054/O1CN01B3PpsA1Jem9N8V7uf_!!2568161054.jpg</img><img size=\"117664\">https://img.alicdn.com/imgextra/i2/2568161054/O1CN015JbyeY1Jem9MZshUt_!!2568161054.jpg</img><img size=\"16674\">https://img.alicdn.com/imgextra/i1/2568161054/O1CN01HXSoxx1Jem9RvgzHN_!!2568161054.jpg</img><img size=\"96260\">https://img.alicdn.com/imgextra/i3/2568161054/O1CN01IEultA1Jem9MdEx8R_!!2568161054.jpg</img><img size=\"13573\">https://img.alicdn.com/imgextra/i3/2568161054/O1CN0176K98O1Jem9QOjE69_!!2568161054.jpg</img><img size=\"110974\">https://img.alicdn.com/imgextra/i4/2568161054/O1CN013Pxp1O1Jem9RvgeTv_!!2568161054.jpg</img><img size=\"104198\">https://img.alicdn.com/imgextra/i1/2568161054/O1CN01SfyZ8M1Jem9QOi1Gx_!!2568161054.jpg</img><img size=\"576580\">https://img.alicdn.com/imgextra/i4/2568161054/O1CN01bb1POa1Jem9Sdgve2_!!2568161054.jpg</img><img size=\"676617\">https://img.alicdn.com/imgextra/i3/2568161054/O1CN018Eo9dV1Jem9KV0y79_!!2568161054.jpg</img><img size=\"9125\">https://img.alicdn.com/imgextra/i1/2568161054/O1CN01vuEofr1Jem9Nzy9xY_!!2568161054.jpg</img><img size=\"107197\">https://img.alicdn.com/imgextra/i4/2568161054/O1CN01qw9sAi1Jem8wkNKpy_!!2568161054.jpg</img><img size=\"198877\">https://img.alicdn.com/imgextra/i1/2568161054/O1CN01HeFhFw1Jem8rLnjBY_!!2568161054.jpg</img><img size=\"71423\">https://img.alicdn.com/imgextra/i2/2568161054/O1CN01SNgjoi1Jem9QOil15_!!2568161054.jpg</img><img size=\"37628\">https://img.alicdn.com/imgextra/i2/2568161054/O1CN01RXf3RA1Jem9DpHVwj_!!2568161054.jpg</img><img size=\"170889\">https://img.alicdn.com/imgextra/i4/2568161054/O1CN01gZmZjt1Jem9ISThgm_!!2568161054.jpg</img><img size=\"6378\">https://img.alicdn.com/imgextra/i2/2568161054/O1CN01YL0FHM1Jem9PQTjX9_!!2568161054.jpg</img><img size=\"212074\">https://img.alicdn.com/imgextra/i4/2568161054/O1CN01UhsEhZ1Jem8yvJIhZ_!!2568161054.jpg</img><img src=\"https://www.o0b.cn/i.php?t.png&rid=gw-4.64d05ab0706cc&p=1778786465&k=i_key&t=1691376306\" style=\"display:none\" />","desc_img": [],"item_imgs": [{"url": "//img.alicdn.com/imgextra/i4/2568161054/O1CN01aYBriY1Jem9UDtt9e_!!2568161054.jpg"},{"url": "//img.alicdn.com/imgextra/i3/2568161054/O1CN01kjOfNb1Jem9DmWn8Y_!!2568161054.jpg"},{"url": "//img.alicdn.com/imgextra/i1/2568161054/O1CN01HoB9ha1Jem9DmWn8r_!!2568161054.jpg"},{"url": "//img.alicdn.com/imgextra/i4/2568161054/O1CN011PjP2P1Jem9MXEUFT_!!2568161054.jpg"},{"url": "//img.alicdn.com/imgextra/i3/2568161054/O1CN01KUfBFL1Jem9KTTMn1_!!2568161054.jpg"}],"item_weight": "","item_size": "","location": "江苏南通","post_fee": "","express_fee": null,"ems_fee": "","shipping_to": "","has_discount": "false","video": {"url": null},"is_virtual": "","sample_id": "","is_promotion": "false","props_name": "31480:14306495906:几人坐:脚踏90*60*48cm;31480:14306495907:几人坐:双人165*95*67cm;31480:14306495908:几人坐:三人210*95*67cm;31480:14306495909:几人坐:单人100*95*67cm;31480:21480914361:几人坐:四人位240*95*67cm;31480:21480914362:几人坐:大四人320*95*76cm;31480:1387571900:几人坐:3米贵妃沙发;31480:32527954:几人坐:定制尺寸;1627207:28321:颜色分类:乳白色 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步骤5：将获取的数据应用到您的应用程序

最后，我们需要将获取的数据应用到我们的应用程序中。这可以通过使用从API响应中提取的数据来完成。

以下是一个完整调用OpenWeatherMap API并显示天气的Python脚本：

import requests

import tkinter as tk

HEIGHT = 500

WIDTH = 600

def get_weather(city):

url = "http://api.openweathermap.org/data/2.5/weather?q={}&appid={}"

api_key = "{your_api_key}"

response = requests.get(url.format(city, api_key))

if response.status_code == 200:

data = response.json()

name = data['name']

desc = data['weather'][0]['description']

temp = data['main']['temp']

humidity = data['main']['humidity']

wind_speed = data['wind']['speed']

label['text'] = 'City: %s

Conditions: %s

Temperature (Celsius): %s

Humidity: %s

Wind Speed(kmph): %s' % (name, desc, temp-273.15, humidity, wind_speed)

else:

label['text'] = 'Error fetching data from API'

def display_weather():

city = city_entry.get()

get_weather(city)

root = tk.Tk()

canvas = tk.Canvas(root, height=HEIGHT, width=WIDTH)

canvas.pack()

frame = tk.Frame(root, bg='#80c1ff', bd=5)

frame.place(relx=0.5, rely=0.1, relwidth=0.75, relheight=0.1, anchor='n')

city_entry = tk.Entry(frame, font=40)

city_entry.place(relwidth=0.65, relheight=1)

button = tk.Button(frame, text="Get Weather", font=40, command=display_weather)

button.place(relx=0.7, relheight=1, relwidth=0.3)

lower_frame = tk.Frame(root, bg='#80c1ff', bd=10)

lower_frame.place(relx=0.5, rely=0.3, relwidth=0.75, relheight=0.5, anchor='n')

label = tk.Label(lower_frame, font=('Courier', 18))

label.place(relwidth=1, relheight=1)

root.mainloop()

这个Python脚本使用TKinter库构建了一个简单的GUI，允许用户输入城市名称，然后在屏幕上显示有关该城市的天气数据。这正是API调用的核心思想——与其他应用程序通信获取数据，然后在您的应用程序中使用它。

结论

在Python中，使用API获取数据非常简单。步骤包括注册并获得API密钥，安装requests模块，构建API请求，解析API响应和将数据用于您的应用程序中。通过调用API，您可以轻松获取任何您需要的数据，并将其整合到您的Python应用程序中。

Python调用外部电商API的详细步骤

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