Python开发-学生管理系统

1、需求分析

学生管理系统应具备的功能：
●添加学生及成绩信息
●将学生信息保存到文件中
●修改和删除学生信息
●查询学生信息
●根据学坐成绩进行排序
●统计学生的总分

2、系统设计

系统功能结构：
●录入学生信息模块.
●查找学生信息模块
●删除学生信息模块.
●修改学生信息模块.
●学生成绩排名模块
●统计学生总人数模块
●显示全部学生信息模块

3、系统开发必备

4、主函数设计

def main():while True:menm()choice = int(input('请选择：'))if choice in [0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7]:if choice == 0:answer=input('您确定要退出系统吗?y/n：\n'if answer=='y' or answer=='Y' :print('谢谢您的使用!!!')break #退出系统else:continueelif choice == 1:insert() #录入学生信息elif choice == 2:search()elif choice == 3:delete()elif choice == 4:modify()elif choice == 5: sort()elif choice == 6:total()elif choice == 7: show()def insert():pass 
def search():pass 
def delete(): pass 
def modify():pass 
def sort(): pass 
def total():pass 
def show():pass def menm() :print('====================学生信息管理系统========================')print('-----------------功能菜单-----------------------')print(' \t\t(t\t\t\t1.录入学生信息')print(' \t\t\t\t\t\t2.查找学生信息')print(' \t\t\t\t\t\t3.删除学生信息')print(' \t\t\t\t\t\t4.修改学生信息')print(' \t\t\t\t\t\t5.排序')print(' \t\t\t\t\t\t6.统计学生总人数')print(' \t\t\t\t\t\t7.显示所有学生信息')print(' \t\t\t\t\t\t0.退出')print('-------------------------------------------------------------'if __name__ == '__main__':main()

5、 学生信息维护模块设计

filename = 'student.txt'def insert():student_list=[]while True:id = input('请输入ID(如1001):')if not id:breakname = input('请输入姓名:')if not name:breaktry:english=int(input('请输入英语成绩:'))python=int(input('请输入Python成绩:'))java=int(input('请输入Java成绩:'))except:print('输入无效，不是整数类型，请重新输入')continue#将录入的学生信息保存到字典中student={'id':id,'name'; name,'english':english,'python': python,'java':java}#将学生信息添加到列表中student_list.append(student)answer=input('是否继续添加?y/n：\n')if answer=='y' :continueelse:break# 调用save()函数save(student_list)print("学生信息录入完毕！！！")def save(lst):try:stu_txt = open(filename,'a',encoding = 'utf-8')except:stu_txt = open(filename,'w',encoding = 'utf-8')for item in lst:stu_txt.write(str(item)+'\n')	stu_txt.close()		

def delete():while True:student_id=input('请输入要删除的学生的ID: ')if student_id!='':if os.path.exists(filename):with open(filename,'r' ,encoding='utf-8') as file:
student_old=file.readlines() else:student_old=[]flag=False #标记是否删除if student_old:with open(filename,'w'，encoding='utf-8') as wfile:d= {}for item in student_old:d=dict(eval(item)) #将字符串转成字典if d['id']!=student_id:wfile.write(str(d)+'\n' )else:flag= Trueif flag:print(f'id为{student_ id} 的学生信息已被删除')else:print (f'没有找到ID为(student_id} 的学生信息')else:print('无学生信息')breakshow() #删除之后要重新显示所有学生信息answer=input('是否继续删除?y/n：\n' )if answer=='y':continueelse: break

def modify()show()if os.path.exists(filename):with open(filenane,'r',encoding=' utf-8') as rfile:student_old=rfile.readlines()else:returnstudent_id=input('请输入要修改的学员的ID:')with open(filename,'w'，encoding:'utf-8') as wfile: for item in student_old:d=dict(eval(item))if d['id']== student_id :print('找到学生信息，可以修改他的相关信息了!')while True:try:d['name']=input('请输入姓名:')d['english']=input('请输入英语成绩:')d['python']=input('请输入Python成绩:')d['java']=input('请输入Java成绩:')except :print('您的输入有误，请重新输入!!!')else:break	wfile.rite(str(d)+'\n')print('修改成功!!!')else:wfile.write(str(d)+'\n')answer=input('是否继续修改其它学生信息?y/n：\n')if answer=='y':modify()

6、 查询/统计模块设计

def search():student_query=[]while True:id=''name=''if os.path.exists(filename):mode=input('按ID查找请输入1，按姓名查找请输入2: ')if mode=='1':id=input('请输入学生ID：' )elif mode=='2':name=input('请输入学生姓名:')else:print('您的输入有误，请重新输入：')search()with open(filename,'r',encoding='utf-8') as rfile:student=rfile.readlines()for item in student :d=dict(eval(item))if id!='':if d['id']==id:student_query.append(d)elif name !='':if d['name']== name :student_query.append(d)#显示查询结果show_student(student_query)# 请空列表student_query.clear()answer=input('是否要继续查询?y/n：\n' )if answer=='y':continueelse :breakelse:print('暂未保存学生信息')returndef show_student(lst):if len(1st)==0:print('没有查询到学生信息，无数据显示! ! ! ' )return#定义标题显示格式format_title='{:^6}\t{:^12}\t{:^8}\t{:^10}\t{:^10}\t{:^8}'print(format_title.format('ID','姓名','英语成绩','Python成绩','Java成绩','总成绩'))#定义内容的显示格式format_data='{: 6}\t{:^12}\t{:^8}\t{:^10}\t{:^10}\t{:^8}'for item in lst:print(format_data.format(item.get('id'),item.get('name'),item.get('english'),item.get('python'),item.get('java'),int(item.get('english'))+int(item.get('python'))+(item.get('java'))))

def total():if os.path.exists(filename):with open(filename,'r',encoding=' utf-8') as rfile:students=rfile.readlines()if students:print(f'-共有{len (students)}名学生')else:print('还没有录入学生信息')else :print('暂未保存数据信息...')

def show():student_lst= []if os.path.exists(filename):with open(filename,'r',encoding='utf-8') as rfile:students=rfile.readlines()for item in students:student_1st.append(eval(item))if student_lst:show_student(student_lst)else:print('暂未保存过数据!!!')

7、排序模块设计

def sort():show()if os.path.exists(filename):with open(filename,'r',encoding='utf-8') as rfile:student_list=rfile.readlines()student_new=[]for item in student_list : d=dict(eval(item))student_new.append(d)else:returnasc_or_desc= input('请选择(0.升序1.降序):')if asc_or_desc=='0':asc_or_desc_bool = Falseelif asc_or_desc=='1':asc_or_desc_bool = Trueelse: print('您的输入有误，请重新输入')sort()mode=input('请选择排序方式(1.按英语成绩排序2. 按Python成绩排序3.按Java成绩排序0.按总成绩排序):')if mode=='1':student_new.sort(key=lambda x: x['english'],reverse=asc_or_desc_bool)elif mode =='2':student_new.sort(key=lambda x: x['python'],reverse=asc_or_desc_bool)elif mode=='3':student_new.sort(key=lambda x: x['java'],reverse=asc_or_desc_bool)elif mode='0':student_new.sort(key=lambda x: x['english']+x['python']+x['java'],reverse=asc_or_desc_bool)else:print('您的输入有误，请重新输入!!!')sort()show_student(student_new)	

8、 项目打包

详见https://blog.csdn.net/hhhmonkey/article/details/129009196?spm=1001.2014.3001.5502

【参考】https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1wD4y1o7AS