超声波波形生成电路设计

摘要

随着我国微型电子技术和嵌入式系统的发展，目前行业内相对比较传统的超声波技术无法满足客户的需求。为了改进传统超声波技术在被测设备上的短板问题，在本次毕业设计中，将使用相对先进、快捷、智能的控制机制。该超声波生成控制系统的控制大脑为核心部件超声波发射和接收电路两大部分设计。该设计方案具有性价比高、度准确、能耗较低、制作简易、方便快捷等特点，给人民生活带来了很大的影响，在市场上很受欢迎。

本文主要介绍超声波波形生成电路的设计，首先介绍超声波产生的基本原理以及其发展历史、目前现状等，并对设计中的换能器进行相关介绍，然后对超声波生成电路的总体设计及各功能模块进行了探讨，确定了超声波生成电路设计的解决方案并对系统解决方案中的发射电路和接收电路。之后重点研究超声波生成电路控制系统的硬件设计，包括超声波的发射电路，接收电路，信号调理电路以的设计和实现。最后介绍了超声波生成电路控制系统的软件设计，对系统软件设计的总体流程、超声波激励脉冲信号产生以及逻辑控制以及回波信号的数据处理进行了介绍。

关键词：超声波；发射电路；接收电路；信号调理

Abstract

With the development of micro electronic technology and embedded system in China, the relatively traditional ultrasonic technology in the industry can not meet the needs of customers.In order to improve the traditional ultrasonic technology in the equipment to be tested on the short board, in this graduation project, will use a relatively advanced, fast, intelligent control mechanism.The control brain of the ultrasonic generation control system is designed as two major parts of the ultrasonic transmitting and receiving circuit.The design has the characteristics of high cost performance, accurate degree, low energy consumption, simple production, convenient and fast, has brought a great impact on people's lives, and is very popular in the market.

This paper mainly introduces the design of ultrasonic wave generation circuit, first introduces the basic principle of ultrasonic generation and its development history, the current situation, etc., and the transducer in the design of the relevant introduction, and then the overall design of the ultrasonic wave generation circuit and the functional modules are discussed.Determine the solution of ultrasonic generation circuit design and the transmitting circuit and receiving circuit in the system solution.After the focus of the ultrasonic generation circuit control system hardware design, including ultrasonic transmission circuit, receiving circuit, signal conditioning circuit to the design and implementation.Finally, the software design of the control system of the ultrasonic generation circuit is introduced, and the overall flow of the software design, the generation of the ultrasonic excitation pulse signal, the logic control and the data processing of the echo signal are introduced.

Keywords:Ultrasound;Transmitting circuit;Receiving circuit;Signal conditioning

目录

摘要............................................................................................................................. I

Abstract.................................................................................................................... III

第一章 绪论............................................................................................................. 1

1.1  研究目的与意义..................................................................................... 1

1.2  超声波技术的发展................................................................................. 6

1.3  超声波检测技术的发展......................................................................... 8

1.4  超声波的特点......................................................................................... 8

1.5  课题研究内容及章节安排.................................................................... 9

第二章 超声波产生的基本原理及方法............................................................. 10

2.1  超声波的基本性质............................................................................... 10

2.1.1  超声波的速度及波长............................................................... 10

2.1.2  超声波的衰减............................................................................ 11

2.2  超声换能器............................................................................................ 11

2.2.1  超声换能器的定义................................................................... 11

2.2.2  超声换能器的主要性能参数................................................... 11

2.3  机械振动与超声波............................................................................... 12

第三章 超声波电路方案设计.............................................................................. 13

3.1  超声波发射电路................................................................................... 13

3.2  超声波接收电路................................................................................... 16

第四章 系统硬件结构.......................................................................................... 17

4.1  触发脉冲产生电路............................................................................... 17

4.2  发射脉冲产生电路............................................................................... 19

4.3  换能器部分........................................................................................... 19

第五章 系统硬件电路整体设计.......................................................................... 20

5.1  基于Proteus电路图绘制.................................................................... 20

5.2  电路整体设计....................................................................................... 21

第六章 系统软件设计.......................................................................................... 22

6.1  软件研发的背景................................................................................... 22

6.2  软件程序设计....................................................................................... 23

第七章 结束语....................................................................................................... 23

参考文献................................................................................................................. 25

致谢.......................................................................................................................... 27

第一章 绪论

1.1  研究目的与意义

超声波波形生成技术是目前较为先进且应用十分广泛的超声波检测技术组成之一，普遍的应用在产品质量检测方面，有效地降低产品的次品率。当我们检测材料或产品是否有损坏时，我们可以根据其内部的结构特征，利用声、光等过程的改变来检测材料的其内部是否有残缺，最终能够对发生残缺的部位进行确认。

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