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Java类的Builder应用以及使用@Data和@Builder高效应用Builder

news 2026/1/22 11:26:31

⭐Java Builder模式：是Java设计模式之一，它属于对象创建型模式，是将一个复杂对象的构建与它的表示分离，使得同样的构建过程可以创建不同的表示。

结论一：使用lombok的@Data和@Builder注解构建Java类的Builder简洁高效，推荐实际应用。
结论二：手动编写Java类的Builder，能够全貌理解Builder模式，推荐试试。
结论三：Java类的Builder模式，最大好处就是构建对象时，可以灵活构建需要的属性。

- - 1.1普通Java类.
  - - 1.1.1普通Java对象
  - 1.2普通Java类使用@Data注解
  - - 1.2.1普通Java类
  - 1.3手动编写Java类的Builder(静态内部类)
  - - 1.3.1手动编写Java类的Builder
    - 1.3.2代码中的getCityInfoSuccess和getCityInfoFail是对builder封装使用
  - 1.4使用lombok的@Data和@Builder注解构建Java对象的Builder
  - - 1.4.1使用@Data和@Builder注解
    - 1.4.2代码中的getCityInfoSuccess和getCityInfoFail是对builder封装使用
  - 1.5普通Jave类和Builder类分开
  - - 1.5.1普通Java类
    - 1.5.2普通Java类的Builder类
  - 1.6测试

1.1普通Java类.

1.1.1普通Java对象

普通Java类，一般有属性、set、get、toString方法。

public class City01Response implements Serializable {private boolean success;private String msg;private Long cityId;private String cityName;private String cityDescribe;public City01Response() {}public boolean isSuccess() {return success;}public void setSuccess(boolean success) {this.success = success;}public String getMsg() {return msg;}public void setMsg(String msg) {this.msg = msg;}public Long getCityId() {return cityId;}public void setCityId(Long cityId) {this.cityId = cityId;}public String getCityName() {return cityName;}public void setCityName(String cityName) {this.cityName = cityName;}public String getCityDescribe() {return cityDescribe;}public void setCityDescribe(String cityDescribe) {this.cityDescribe = cityDescribe;}@Overridepublic String toString() {return "City01Response(" + "success=" + success + ", msg=" + msg + ", cityId=" + cityId + ", cityName=" + cityName + ", cityDescribe=" + cityDescribe + ")";}
}

1.2普通Java类使用@Data注解

1.2.1普通Java类

使用@Data注解后，普通Java类，只有属性。set、get、toString方法由@Data注解接管。使用方式等价。

@Data
public class City01Response implements Serializable {private boolean success;private String msg;private Long cityId;private String cityName;private String cityDescribe;
}

1.3手动编写Java类的Builder(静态内部类)

1.3.1手动编写Java类的Builder

本例内部类使用静态类实现，build使用静态方法。
普通Java类：City02Response
(1)编写普通Java类：City02Response，一般有属性、set、get、toString方法。
(2)在普通Java类：City02Response中，编写一个内部类：City02ResponseBuilder。
(3)在普通Java类：City02Response中，实现一个builder方法，创建一个内部类City02ResponseBuilder的对象。
(4)在内部类：City02ResponseBuilder中，实现一个build方法，返回普通Java类：City02Response的对象。
(5)在内部类：City02ResponseBuilder中。为每个属性实现一个设置方法，并且返回City02ResponseBuilder对象本身，即返回this。

public class City02Response implements Serializable {private boolean success;private String msg;private Long cityId;private String cityName;private String cityDescribe;public static City02Response.City02ResponseBuilder builder() {return new City02Response.City02ResponseBuilder();}public static City02Response getCityInfoSuccess(Long cityID, String cityName, String cityDescribe) {return builder().success(true).msg("获取城市信息成功").cityId(cityID).cityName(cityName).cityDescribe(cityDescribe).build();}public static City02Response getCityInfoFail(Long cityID, String failMsg) {return builder().success(false).msg(failMsg).cityId(cityID).build();}public City02Response() {}public City02Response(boolean success, String msg, Long cityId, String cityName, String cityDescribe) {this.success = success;this.msg = msg;this.cityId = cityId;this.cityName = cityName;this.cityDescribe = cityDescribe;}@Overridepublic String toString() {return "City02Response(" + "success=" + success + ", msg=" + msg + ", cityId=" + cityId + ", cityName=" + cityName + ", cityDescribe=" + cityDescribe + ")";}public boolean isSuccess() {return success;}public void setSuccess(boolean success) {this.success = success;}public String getMsg() {return msg;}public void setMsg(String msg) {this.msg = msg;}public Long getCityId() {return cityId;}public void setCityId(Long cityId) {this.cityId = cityId;}public String getCityName() {return cityName;}public void setCityName(String cityName) {this.cityName = cityName;}public String getCityDescribe() {return cityDescribe;}public void setCityDescribe(String cityDescribe) {this.cityDescribe = cityDescribe;}public static class City02ResponseBuilder {private boolean success;private String msg;private Long cityId;private String cityName;private String cityDescribe;City02ResponseBuilder() {}public City02Response build() {return new City02Response(success, msg, cityId, cityName, cityDescribe);}public City02Response.City02ResponseBuilder success(final boolean success) {this.success = success;return this;}public City02Response.City02ResponseBuilder msg(final String msg) {this.msg = msg;return this;}public City02Response.City02ResponseBuilder cityId(final Long cityId) {this.cityId = cityId;return this;}public City02Response.City02ResponseBuilder cityName(final String cityName) {this.cityName = cityName;return this;}public City02Response.City02ResponseBuilder cityDescribe(final String cityDescribe) {this.cityDescribe = cityDescribe;return this;}@Overridepublic String toString() {return "City02ResponseBuilder.City02Response(" + "success=" + success + ", msg=" + msg + ", cityId=" + cityId + ", cityName=" + cityName + ", cityDescribe=" + cityDescribe + ")";}}
}

1.3.2代码中的getCityInfoSuccess和getCityInfoFail是对builder封装使用

代码中的getCityInfoSuccess和getCityInfoFail是对builder封装应用。不是必须部分。

1.4使用lombok的@Data和@Builder注解构建Java对象的Builder

1.4.1使用@Data和@Builder注解

使用@Data和@Builder注解，简化代码，效果等价。需引入jar包。

<dependency><groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId><artifactId>lombok</artifactId><version>1.18.24</version>
</dependency>

@Data
@Builder
public class City03Response implements Serializable {private boolean success;private String msg;private Long cityId;private String cityName;private String cityDescribe;public static City03Response getCityInfoSuccess(Long cityID, String cityName, String cityDescribe) {return builder().success(true).msg("获取城市信息成功").cityId(cityID).cityName(cityName).cityDescribe(cityDescribe).build();}public static City03Response getCityInfoFail(Long cityID, String failMsg) {return builder().success(false).msg(failMsg).cityId(cityID).build();}
}

1.4.2代码中的getCityInfoSuccess和getCityInfoFail是对builder封装使用