python---数据类型（列表）

组织列表

使用sort()方法对列表永久性排序

按照字母顺序排序：

motorcycles = ['chunlan', 'yamaha', 'dayun', 'jianshe']motorcycles.sort()print(motorcycles)

字母倒序：

motorcycles = ['chunlan', 'yamaha', 'dayun', 'jianshe']motorcycles.sort(reverse=True)print(motorcycles)

使用sorted()函数进行临时排序

motorcycles = ['chunlan', 'yamaha', 'dayun', 'jianshe']print("Here is the original list:")
print(motorcycles)print("\nHere is the sorted list:")
print(sorted(motorcycles))print("\nHere is the original list again:")
print(motorcycles)

也可以向sorted()传递参数reverse=True倒序排列：

motorcycles = ['chunlan', 'yamaha', 'dayun', 'jianshe']print("Here is the original list:")
print(motorcycles)print("\nHere is the sorted list:")
print(sorted(motorcycles, reverse=True))print("\nHere is the original list again:")
print(motorcycles)

倒着打印列表

不是倒序，是倒着，该方法也是永久性地颠倒列表的顺序，不过可以再次调用，恢复之前的顺序：

motorcycles = ['chunlan', 'yamaha', 'dayun', 'jianshe']
print(motorcycles)
motorcycles.reverse()print(motorcycles)motorcycles.reverse()
print(motorcycles)

确定列表的长度

使用len()函数：

motorcycles = ['chunlan', 'yamaha', 'dayun', 'jianshe']
print(len(motorcycles))

操作列表

遍历列表

使用for循环：

magicians = ['alice', 'david', 'carolina', 'john', 'kite']
for magician in magicians:print(magician)

深入循环

使用缩进表示语句属于for的循环体：

magicians = ['alice', 'david', 'carolina', 'john', 'kite']
for magician in magicians:print(magician.title() + ", that was a great trick!")print("I can't wait to see your next trick, " + magician.title() + ".\n")

也可以在循环结束后执行操作，只需要不再缩进即可：

magicians = ['alice', 'david', 'carolina', 'john', 'kite']
for magician in magicians:print(magician.title() + ", that was a great trick!")print("I can't wait to see your next trick, " + magician.title() + ".\n")print("Thank you, everyone. That was a great magic show!")

创建数值列表

使用函数range()

打印1-4：

for value in range(1, 5):print(value)

使用range()创建数字列表

使用list()函数将range()的结果直接转换为列表：

numbers = list(range(1,6))
print(numbers)even_numbers = list(range(2,11,2))  #最后一个2是步长
print(even_numbers)

创建平方的列表：

squares = []
for value in range(1,11):square = value**2squares.append(square)print(squares)

也可以简写为：

squares = []
for value in range(1,11):squares.append(value**2)print(squares)

对数字列表执行简单的统计

digits = [1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,0]
print(min(digits))
print(max(digits))
print(sum(digits))

列表解析

列表解析将for循环和创建新的元素代码合成一行，并自动附加新元素。了解一下。

squares = [value**2 for value in range(1,11)]
print(squares)

使用列表的一部分

切片

要创建切片，可指定要使用的第一个元素和最后一个元素的索引。与range()函数一样，python在到达指定的第二个索引前面的元素停止。range(1,10)

players = ['charles', 'martina', 'michael', 'florence', 'eli']
print(players[0:3])
print(players[1:4])
print(players[:3])
print(players[2:])
print(players[-3:])

遍历切片

players = ['charles', 'martina', 'michael', 'florence', 'eli']
print("Here are the first three players on my team:")
for player in players[:3]:print(player.title())

复制列表

players = ['charles', 'martina', 'michael', 'florence', 'eli']
ourplayers = players[:]
print("Players are:")
print(players)
print("Ourplayers are:")
print(ourplayers)

所谓的列表，就是一个序列，其中的元素有序，可变，不限类型