MATLAB｜科研绘图｜山脊图

效果图

山脊图介绍

山脊图（Ridge Plot），也被称为Joy Plot，是一种用于可视化数据分布的图表，特别是用于显示多个组的分布情况。在这种图表中，每个组的数据分布都通过平滑的密度曲线来表示，这些曲线沿着垂直轴堆叠，形成类似山脊的视觉效果。山脊图是核密度估计（KDE）的一个应用，它提供了比传统的条形图或直方图更平滑的数据分布视图。

用途：山脊图主要用于展示和比较不同组或类别内数据的分布情况。它特别适合于以下情境：

• 比较多个分布：当需要展示和比较多组数据的分布形状时，山脊图能够直观地展示出分布之间的差异。
• 展现趋势变化：在时间序列数据中，山脊图可以用来展示数据随时间的变化趋势。
• 优化空间利用：通过堆叠的方式，山脊图能在有限的空间内展示大量的分布信息。

缺点：

• 可读性：对于不熟悉这种图表的观众来说，山脊图可能难以理解和解读。
• 叠加问题：当曲线重叠较多时，可能会导致图表的某些部分难以区分。
• 数据量限制：对于数据量非常大的数据集，山脊图可能不那么有效，因为过多的曲线会使图表变得杂乱。

应用场景：

• 时间序列分析：在金融、经济、气象等领域，用于展示某个变量随时间的变化趋势。
• 社会科学：比如在选举数据分析中，展示不同候选人或党派在不同地区或人群中的支持率分布。
• 生物医学：用于展示不同实验组或治疗方法下的生物统计数据分布。

绘图教程

线条山脊图

data = randn(100,12)+[ 20 22 24 26 28 31 30 28 26 24 22 20];
lgLable= {'January', 'February', 'March', 'April', 'May', 'June','July', 'August', 'September', 'October', 'November', 'December'};
colors=makeColorMap([0,0,0;1,1,1],12);
figure('Position',[476 246 511 620])
p=0.15;
yTick=(1:size(data, 2))*p;
for i = 1:size(data, 2)[f, x] = ksdensity(data(:, i));f=f+i*p;pHandle=plot(x, f, 'LineWidth', 1.5,'color',colors(i,:));hold on;yline(yTick(i),'-.','LineWidth',1,'Color',pHandle.Color,'HandleVisibility','off')
end
grid off;box off;
legend(lgLable,'box','on','Color',[1,1,1]*0.95,'EdgeColor','none');
set(gca, 'YTick',yTick , 'YTickLabel',lgLable,'LineWidth', 1.5, 'XMinorTick', 'on', 'TickDir', 'out', ...'fontname','Times new Roman','color',[1,1,1]*0.9);
xlabel('XXXX-Value');
ylabel('YYYY-Value');
title('Ridge Plot');
hold off;

 填充山脊图

data = randn(100,12)+[ 20 22 24 26 28 31 30 28 26 24 22 20];
lgLable= {'January', 'February', 'March', 'April', 'May', 'June','July', 'August', 'September', 'October', 'November', 'December'};
% colors=makeColorMap(winter,size(data, 2));
colors=makeColorMap(jet,size(data, 2));
figure('Position',[476 246 511 620])
p =0.2;
hold on;
for i = size(data, 2):-1:1[f, x] = ksdensity(data(:, i));fShifted = f + i * p;pHandle = plot(x, fShifted,'color',colors(i,:),'LineWidth', 1.5,'HandleVisibility', 'off');yline(i * p, '-.', 'LineWidth', 1, 'Color', colors(i,:),'HandleVisibility', 'off')Xfill = [x, fliplr(x)];Yfill = [fShifted, ones(1, length(x)) * i * p];fill(Xfill, Yfill, pHandle.Color, 'EdgeColor', 'none', 'FaceAlpha', 0.3);
end
yTick = (1:size(data, 2)) * p;
ax = gca;
hold off;
set(ax, 'YTick', yTick, ...'YTickLabel', lgLable, ...'LineWidth', 1.5, 'XMinorTick', 'on', 'TickDir', 'out', ...'fontname','Times new Roman');
xlabel('XXXX-Value');
ylabel('YYYY-Value');
title('Ridge Plot');

3D填充山脊图

data = randn(100,12)+[ 20 22 24 26 28 31 30 28 26 24 22 20];
lgLabel= {'January', 'February', 'March', 'April', 'May', 'June','July', 'August', 'September', 'October', 'November', 'December'};
p = 0.2;
xTick=(1:size(data, 2))*p;
figure('Position',[476 246 511 620])
hold on;
colors=makeColorMap(hsv,size(data, 2));
legendHandles = zeros(size(data, 2), 1);
for i = 1:size(data, 2)[f, y] = ksdensity(data(:, i));xShifted = i * p;plot3(xShifted * ones(size(f)), y, f, 'LineWidth', 1.5, 'Color', colors(i,:), 'HandleVisibility', 'off');Yfill = [y, fliplr(y)];Xfill = [xShifted * ones(1, length(y)), xShifted * ones(1, length(y))];Zfill = [f, zeros(size(f))];legendHandles(i)  = fill3(Xfill, Yfill, Zfill, colors(i,:), 'EdgeColor', 'none', 'FaceAlpha', 0.3); 
end
grid off;
box on;
legend(lgLabel,'box','on','Color',[1,1,1]*0.95,'EdgeColor','none','FontName','Times New Roman','location','best');
set(gca, 'XTick',xTick, 'XTickLabel',lgLabel,'FontName','Times New Roman','linewidth',1)
xlabel('XXXX-Value');
ylabel('YYYY-Value');
zlabel('ZZZ-Value');
title('Ridge Plot');
view([-83.4000   71.6830])
hold off;

不同核山脊图、添加边际散点密度

data = randn(100,3)+[ 20  24 28];
colors=makeColorMap(jet,size(data, 2));
figure('Position',[476 246 511 620])
p=0;
hold on;
yTick=(1:size(data, 2))*p;
lineLength = 0.02; % 竖线的长度
for i = size(data, 2):-1:1[f, x] = ksdensity(data(:, i));fShifted = f + i * p;pHandle = plot(x, fShifted, 'color', colors(i,:), 'LineWidth', 1.5, 'HandleVisibility', 'off');yline(i * p, '-.', 'LineWidth', 1, 'Color', colors(i,:), 'HandleVisibility', 'off');Xfill = [x, fliplr(x)];Yfill = [fShifted, ones(1, length(x)) * i * p];fill(Xfill, Yfill, pHandle.Color, 'EdgeColor', 'none', 'FaceAlpha', 0.3);for j = 1:length(data(:, i))line([data(j, i), data(j, i)], [i * p, i * p + lineLength], 'Color', pHandle.Color, 'LineWidth', 1);end
end
grid off;box off;
ax=gca;
set(ax,'LineWidth', 1.5, 'XMinorTick', 'on', 'TickDir', 'out', ...'fontname','Times new Roman','color',[1,1,1]*0.9);
ax.YLim=[0,1];
ax.XLim=[15,32];
xlabel('XXXX-Value');
ylabel('YYYY-Value');
title('Ridge Plot');
hold off;

 

横坐标方向、全局渐变的散点图

data = randn(100,12)+[ 20 22 24 26 28 31 30 28 26 24 22 20];
lgLabel={'January', 'February', 'March', 'April', 'May', 'June','July', 'August', 'September', 'October', 'November', 'December'};
p = 0.2;
numColors = 256;
% 创建一个从紫色到红色再到黄色的颜色映射
colorMap =makeColorMap([0.1490    0.0353    0.5608;0.7305    0.2500    0.4922;0.9569    0.9490    0.1765],numColors);
% 计算全局的x轴范围
xMin = min(data, [], 'all');
xMax = max(data, [], 'all');
figure('Position',[476 246 511 620])
hold on;
for i = size(data, 2):-1:1[f(i,:), x] = ksdensity(data(:, i), 'Kernel', 'triangle');fShifted = f(i,:) + i * p; % 偏移每个分布plot(x, fShifted, 'LineWidth', 1.5, 'color', 'k', 'HandleVisibility', 'off');yline(i * p, '-.', 'LineWidth', 1, 'HandleVisibility', 'off');for j = 1:length(x)-1Xfill = [x(j), x(j+1), x(j+1), x(j)];Yfill = [i * p, i * p, fShifted(j+1), fShifted(j)];% 计算当前点的颜色比例colorRatio = (x(j) - xMin) / (xMax - xMin);colorIdx = min(numColors, max(1, round(colorRatio * (numColors - 1)) + 1));fill(Xfill, Yfill, colorMap(colorIdx, :), 'EdgeColor', 'none', 'FaceAlpha', 0.9);end
end
% 设置轴标签和标题
yTick = (1:size(data, 2)) * p;
set(gca, 'YTick', yTick, ...'YTickLabel', lgLabel, ...'LineWidth', 1.5, 'XMinorTick', 'on', 'TickDir', 'out', ...'fontname','Times new Roman');
xlabel('XXXX-Value');
ylabel('YYYY-Value');
title('Ridge Plot');
% 设置颜色条
colormap(colorMap);
cBar = colorbar;
cBar.TickDirection = 'out';
cBar.LineWidth = 1;
cBar.TickLength = 0.02;
cBar.FontName = 'Times new Roman';
caxis([xMin,xMax]);
hold off;

横坐标方向、单核渐变图

data = randn(100,12) + [20 22 24 26 28 31 30 28 26 24 22 20];
lgLabel = {'January', 'February', 'March', 'April', 'May', 'June', 'July', 'August', 'September', 'October', 'November', 'December'};
numColors = 256; % 颜色数量
colors = jet(numColors); % 使用jet颜色映射
figure('Position',[476 246 511 620])
p = 0.2;
hold on;
for i = size(data, 2):-1:1[f, x] = ksdensity(data(:, i));fShifted = f + i * p;plot(x, fShifted, 'LineWidth', 1.5, 'HandleVisibility', 'off');yline(i * p, '-.', 'LineWidth', 1, 'HandleVisibility', 'off');colorGradient = linspace(1, numColors, length(x));for j = 1:length(x)-1Xfill = [x(j), x(j+1), x(j+1), x(j)];Yfill = [i * p, i * p, fShifted(j+1), fShifted(j)];fill(Xfill, Yfill, colors(round(colorGradient(j)), :), 'EdgeColor', 'none', 'FaceAlpha', 0.7);end
end
yTick = (1:size(data, 2)) * p;
set(gca, 'YTick', yTick, 'YTickLabel', lgLabel, ...'LineWidth', 1.5, 'XMinorTick', 'on', 'TickDir', 'out', ...'fontname', 'Times new Roman');
xlabel('XXXX-Value');
ylabel('YYYY-Value');
title('Ridge Plot');
colormap(colors);
cBar = colorbar;
cBar.TickDirection = 'out';
cBar.LineWidth = 1;
cBar.TickLength = 0.02;
cBar.FontName = 'Times new Roman';
hold off;

每个山脊图设置不同颜色，且添加边际散点图

data = randn(100,12)+[ 20 22 24 26 28 31 30 28 26 24 22 20];
lgLable = {'January', 'February', 'March', 'April', 'May', 'June', 'July', 'August', 'September', 'October', 'November', 'December'};
figure('Position', [476 246 511 620])
p = 0.3;
lineLength = 0.04; % 竖线的长度
colors=makeColorMap(hsv,size(data, 2));
hold on;
for i = size(data, 2):-1:1[f, x] = ksdensity(data(:, i));fShifted = f + i * p;pHandle = plot(x, fShifted, 'color', colors(i,:), 'LineWidth', 1.5, 'HandleVisibility', 'off');yline(i * p, '-.', 'LineWidth', 1, 'Color', colors(i,:), 'HandleVisibility', 'off');Xfill = [x, fliplr(x)];Yfill = [fShifted, ones(1, length(x)) * i * p];fill(Xfill, Yfill, pHandle.Color, 'EdgeColor', 'none', 'FaceAlpha', 0.3);for j = 1:length(data(:, i))line([data(j, i), data(j, i)], [i * p, i * p + lineLength], 'Color', 'k', 'LineWidth', 1);end
end
yTick = (1:size(data, 2)) * p;
set(gca, 'YTick', yTick, ...'YTickLabel', lgLable, ...'LineWidth', 1.5, 'XMinorTick', 'on', 'TickDir', 'out', ...'fontname', 'Times new Roman');
xlabel('XXXX-Value');
ylabel('YYYY-Value');
title('Ridge Plot');

每个山脊图设置不同颜色单核横向颜色渐变

data = randn(100,12)+[ 20 22 24 26 28 31 30 28 26 24 22 20];
lgLabel = {'January', 'February', 'March', 'April', 'May', 'June', ...'July', 'August', 'September', 'October', 'November', 'December'};
p = 0.2;
numColors = 256;
% 创建12个不同的颜色映射，每个月一个
colorMaps = cell(1, 12);
colorList={parula,turbo,hsv,hot,cool,spring,summer,autumn,winter,gray,bone,copper,pink,jet,lines,colorcube,prism,flag};
for i = 1:12colorMaps{i} = makeColorMap(colorList{i}, numColors);
end
% 计算全局的x轴范围
xMin = min(data, [], 'all');
xMax = max(data, [], 'all');
figure('Position', [476 246 511 620])
hold on;
for i = size(data, 2):-1:1[f(i,:), x] = ksdensity(data(:, i), 'Kernel', 'triangle');fShifted = f(i,:) + i * p; % 偏移每个分布plot(x, fShifted, 'LineWidth', 1.5, 'color', 'k', 'HandleVisibility', 'off');yline(i * p, '-.', 'LineWidth', 1, 'HandleVisibility', 'off');currentColorMap = colorMaps{i};for j = 1:length(x)-1Xfill = [x(j), x(j+1), x(j+1), x(j)];Yfill = [i * p, i * p, fShifted(j+1), fShifted(j)];colorRatio = (x(j) - xMin) / (xMax - xMin);colorIdx = min(numColors, max(1, round(colorRatio * (numColors - 1)) + 1));fill(Xfill, Yfill, currentColorMap(colorIdx, :), 'EdgeColor', 'none', 'FaceAlpha', 0.9);end
end
yTick = (1:size(data, 2)) * p;
set(gca, 'YTick', yTick, ...'YTickLabel', lgLabel, ...'LineWidth', 1.5, 'XMinorTick', 'on', 'TickDir', 'out', ...'fontname', 'Times new Roman');
xlabel('XXXX-Value');
ylabel('YYYY-Value');
title('Ridge Plot');
hold off;

 

山脊图的 Y值映射颜色变化

data = randn(100,12) + [20 22 24 26 28 31 30 28 26 24 22 20];
lgLabel = {'January', 'February', 'March', 'April', 'May', 'June', 'July', 'August', 'September', 'October', 'November', 'December'};
numColors = 100; % 颜色数量
colors =makeColorMap(jet, numColors);
figure('Position',[476 246 511 620])
p = 0.2;
hold on;
for i = size(data, 2):-1:1[f, x] = ksdensity(data(:, i));fShifted = f + i * p;plot(x, fShifted, 'LineWidth', 1.5, 'HandleVisibility', 'off');yline(i * p, '-.', 'LineWidth', 1, 'HandleVisibility', 'off');% 计算整个分布的最小和最大纵坐标minY = min(fShifted);maxY = max(fShifted);for j = 1:length(x)-1Xfill = [x(j), x(j+1), x(j+1), x(j)];Yfill = [i * p, i * p, fShifted(j+1), fShifted(j)];avgY = mean(Yfill(3:4)); colorIdx = round(((avgY - minY) / (maxY - minY)) * (numColors - 1)) + 1;fill(Xfill, Yfill, colors(colorIdx, :), 'EdgeColor', 'none', 'FaceAlpha', 0.6);end
end
yTick = (1:size(data, 2)) * p;
set(gca, 'YTick', yTick, 'YTickLabel', lgLabel, ...'LineWidth', 1.5, 'XMinorTick', 'on', 'TickDir', 'out', ...'fontname', 'Times new Roman');
xlabel('XXXX-Value');
ylabel('YYYY-Value');
title('Ridge Plot');
colormap(colors);
cBar = colorbar;
cBar.TickDirection = 'out';
cBar.LineWidth = 1;
cBar.TickLength = 0.02;
cBar.FontName = 'Times new Roman';
hold off;

四分位点

data = randn(100,12) + [20 22 24 26 28 31 30 28 26 24 22 20];
lgLabel = {'January', 'February', 'March', 'April', 'May', 'June', 'July', 'August', 'September', 'October', 'November', 'December'};
colors = makeColorMap(jet, size(data, 2));
figure('Position', [476 246 511 620])
p = 0.2;
hold on;
for i = size(data, 2):-1:1[f, x] = ksdensity(data(:, i));fShifted = f + i * p;pHandle = plot(x, fShifted, 'color', colors(i,:), 'LineWidth', 1.5, 'HandleVisibility', 'off');yline(i * p, '-.', 'LineWidth', 1, 'Color', colors(i,:), 'HandleVisibility', 'off')Xfill = [x, fliplr(x)];Yfill = [fShifted, ones(1, length(x)) * i * p];fill(Xfill, Yfill, pHandle.Color, 'EdgeColor', 'none', 'FaceAlpha', 0.3);% 计算并标记四分位点quartiles = quantile(data(:, i), [0.25 0.50 0.75]);for q = quartiles[~, idx] = min(abs(x-q));plot(q, fShifted(idx), 'o', 'MarkerFaceColor', pHandle.Color, 'MarkerEdgeColor', 'k');end
end
yTick = (1:size(data, 2)) * p;
set(gca, 'YTick', yTick, ...'YTickLabel', lgLabel, ...'LineWidth', 1.5, 'XMinorTick', 'on', 'TickDir', 'out', ...'fontname', 'Times new Roman');
xlabel('XXXX-Value');
ylabel('YYYY-Value');
title('Ridge Plot');
hold off;

data = randn(100,12) + [20 22 24 26 28 31 30 28 26 24 22 20];
lgLabel = {'January', 'February', 'March', 'April', 'May', 'June', 'July', 'August', 'September', 'October', 'November', 'December'};
colors = makeColorMap(jet, size(data, 2));
figure('Position', [476 246 511 620])
p = 0.2;
hold on;
for i = size(data, 2):-1:1[f, x] = ksdensity(data(:, i));fShifted = f + i * p;pHandle = plot(x, fShifted, 'color', colors(i,:), 'LineWidth', 1.5, 'HandleVisibility', 'off');yline(i * p, '-.', 'LineWidth', 1, 'Color', colors(i,:), 'HandleVisibility', 'off');Xfill = [x, fliplr(x)];Yfill = [fShifted, ones(1, length(x)) * i * p];fill(Xfill, Yfill, pHandle.Color, 'EdgeColor', 'none', 'FaceAlpha', 0.3);% 计算并标记四分位点，并绘制竖线quartiles = quantile(data(:, i), [0.25 0.50 0.75]);for q = quartiles[~, idx] = min(abs(x-q));plot(q, fShifted(idx), 'o', 'MarkerFaceColor', pHandle.Color, 'MarkerEdgeColor', 'k');line([q q], [fShifted(idx) i * p], 'Color', pHandle.Color, 'LineStyle', '-.','LineWidth', 1);end
end
yTick = (1:size(data, 2)) * p;
set(gca, 'YTick', yTick, ...'YTickLabel', lgLabel, ...'LineWidth', 1.5, 'XMinorTick', 'on', 'TickDir', 'out', ...'fontname', 'Times new Roman');
xlabel('XXXX-Value');
ylabel('YYYY-Value');
title('Ridge Plot');
hold off;

其中makeColorMap函数代码之前「一张图搞定绘图配色问题」有详细介绍。