ElasticSearch综合练习题，ES为8版本，使用Kibana运行语句

前言

• ES8版本没有type概念，所以语法可能会与其他版本有差异

一、ES查询集群情况

• 查看集群的健康状况

GET _cat/health

• 查询ES的所有配置

GET _all

二、ES索引习题

• es的索引mapper结构不支持修改已经存在的字段类型，但是能添加新的字段

查询所有索引

• 查询ES中所有的index

GET _cat/indices

• 查询所有index列表，格式化查询

GET _mapping?pretty=true

• 查看所有索引文档总数

GET _all/_count

查询单个索引

• 增加一个aura_index的index库

PUT /aura_index

• 查询aura_index索引的所有信息

GET /aura_index

• 删除一个aura_index的index库

DELETE /aura_index

• 查看aura_index索引文档总数

GET /aura_index/_count

• 修改分片副本数量

PUT /aura_index/_settings
{"index":{"number_of_replicas":4}
}

• 新增Mapping映射

POST /aura_index/_mapping
{"properties":{"phone":{"type":"keyword"}}
}

• 创建website的index，要求为该索引有3个分片，2份副本

PUT /website
{"settings":{"index":{"number_of_shards":3,"number_of_replicas":2}}
}
{"website": {"aliases": {},"mappings": {},"settings": {"index": {"creation_date": "1561987828517","number_of_shards": "3","number_of_replicas": "2","uuid": "3aiQiakoQeGcnrfdBVqBjA","version": {"created": "6020299"},"provided_name": "website"}}}
}

三、ES增删改查数据

• 无论这个id是否存在，只要对这个id操作增删改，都会使这个id的version加1。
• 如果该id已经存在，增加一条数据，旧数据完全被新数据完全覆盖。（不会报错）
• 更新一条数据，如果id或者字段不存在（报错）

单条处理

• 增加一条数据

PUT /megacorp/_doc/1
{
"first_name" : "John",
"last_name" : "Smith",
"age" : 25,
"about" : "I love to go rock climbing",
"interests": [ "sports", "music" ]
}

• 查询一条数据

GET /megacorp/_doc/1

• 修改first字段

POST /megacorp/_update/1
{"doc":{"first_name" : "John001"}
}

• 删除数据

DELETE /megacorp/_doc/1

批量处理

_bulk命令：
第一个json表示操作类型和操作的id
第二个json是操作所需要的数据。（不允许换行，不然报错）
反复执行，形成一个命令多个操作

• 批量新增数据

POST megacorp/_bulk
{"index":{"_id":4}}
{"id":4,"name":"admin","counter":"10","tags":["red","black"]}
{"index":{"_id":5}}
{"id":5,"name":"zcy"}
{"index":{"_id":6}}
{"id":6,"name":"admin006","counter":"10","tags":["red","black"]}

• 批量修改数据

修改的字段前必须带上 ctx._source.这个格式

POST megacorp/_bulk
{"update":{"_id":4}}
{"script":{"source":"ctx._source.name='admin_update'"}}
{"update":{"_id":5}}
{"script":{"source":"ctx._source.name='zcy_update'"}}
{"update":{"_id":6}}
{"script":{"source":"ctx._source.name='admin006_update'"}}

• 批量删除数据

POST megacorp/_bulk
{"delete":{"_id":4}}
{"delete":{"_id":5}}
{"delete":{"_id":6}}

四、雇员查询练习题

• 初始化数据

POST megacorp/_bulk
{"index":{"_id":1}}
{"first_name" : "John","last_name" : "Smith","age" : 25,"about" : "I love to go rock climbing","interests": [ "sports", "music" ]}
{"index":{"_id":2}}
{"first_name" : "Jane","last_name" : "Smith","age" : 32,"about" : "I like to collect rock albums","interests": [ "music" ]}
{"index":{"_id":3}}
{"first_name" : "Douglas","last_name" : "Fir","age" : 35,"about": "I like to build cabinets","interests": [ "forestry" ]}

• 查看雇员id为1的信息

GET /megacorp/_doc/1

• 搜索所有员工信息

GET /megacorp/_search

• 搜索last_name字段值为Smith的员工信息

GET /megacorp/_search
{"query": {"match": {"last_name" :   "Smith"}}
}

GET /megacorp/_search
{"query": {"multi_match": {"query": "Smith","fields": ["last_name"]}}
}

• 搜索名字为 Smith 的雇员，但年龄大于 30 岁的

GET /megacorp/_search
{"query": {"bool": {"must": [{"match": { "last_name" : "Smith"}},{"range": { "age": { "gt": 30}}}]}}
}

• 搜索下所有喜欢攀岩（rock climbing）的雇员。

GET /megacorp/_search{"query": {"multi_match": {"query": "climbing","fields": ["about"]}}
}

• 仅匹配同时包含 “rock” 和 “climbing”，并且二者以短语“rock climbing” 的形式紧挨着的雇员记录

GET /megacorp/_search
{"query": {"match_phrase":{"about":"rock climbing"}}
}

• 仅匹配同时包含 “rock” 和 “climbing”，并且二者以短语“rock climbing” 的形式紧挨着的雇员记录，同时需要高亮显示搜索的内容。

GET /megacorp/_search
{"query": {"match_phrase":{"about":"rock climbing"}},"highlight": {"fields" : {"about" : {}}}
}

• 求出所有雇员年龄相加的值

GET /megacorp/_search
{"size": 0,"aggs": {"total_amount": {"sum": {"field": "age"}}}
}

• 求出年龄大于30的雇员，年龄相加的值

GET /megacorp/_search
{"query": {"range": {"age": {"gt": 30}}}, "size": 0,"aggs": {"total_amount": {"sum": {"field": "age"}}}
}

• 求所有雇员的平均年龄

GET /megacorp/_search
{"size": 0,"aggs": {"avg_age": {"avg": {"field": "age"}}}
}

五、学生查询练习题

• 初始化数据

PUT /_bulk
{"create":{"_index":"stu","_id":"1"}}
{"id": 1, "studentNo": "TH-CHEM-2016-C001", "name": "Jonh Smith", "major":"Chemistry", "gpa": 4.8, "yearOfBorn": 2000, "classOf": 2016,  "interest": "soccer, basketball, badminton, chess"}
{"create":{"_index":"stu","_id":"2"}}
{"id": 2, "studentNo": "TH-PHY-2018-C001", "name": "Isaac Newton", "major":"Physics", "gpa": 3.6, "yearOfBorn": 2001, "classOf": 2018,  "interest": "novel, soccer, cooking"}
{"create":{"_index":"stu","_id":"3"}}
{"id": 3, "studentNo": "BU-POLI-2016-C001", "name": "John Kennedy", "major":"Politics", "gpa": 4.2, "yearOfBorn": 2000, "classOf": 2016,  "interest": "talking, dating, boxing, shooting, chess"}
{"create":{"_index":"stu","_id":"4"}}
{"id": 4, "studentNo": "BU-POLI-2015-C001", "name": "John Kerry",  "major":"Politics", "gpa": 4.1, "yearOfBorn": 1999, "classOf": 2015,  "interest": "money, basketball"}
{"create":{"_index":"stu","_id":"5"}}
{"id": 5, "studentNo": "BU-ARTS-2016-C002", "name": "Da Vinci",  "major":"Arts", "gpa": 4.8, "yearOfBorn": 1995, "classOf": 2016,  "interest": "drawing, music, wine"}

• 同时查询id为1,3,5

GET /stu/_search
{"query":{"terms":{"id":["1","3","5"]}}
}

• 名字不叫John

GET /stu/_search
{"query":{"bool":{"must_not":{"match":{"name":"John"}}}}
}

• 在2016年以前入学的文档

GET /stu/_search
{"query":{"range":{"classOf":{"lt":"2016"}}}
}

• 请把id为4文档添加一个兴趣（字段为“interest”） “poker”（PS:根据查询结果修改字段属性的值）

POST /stu/_update/4
{"doc":{"interest" : "money,basketball,poker"}
}

六、商品信息联系题

• 初始化数据

PUT /mystore
{"settings": {"number_of_shards": 1},"mappings": {"properties": {"price": {"type": "integer"},"productID": {"type": "text"}}}
}

POST mystore/_bulk
{"index":{"_id":1}}
{"price":10,"productID":"XHDK-A-1293-#fJ3"}
{"index":{"_id":2}}
{"price":20,"productID":"XHDK-A-1293-#f20"}
{"index":{"_id":3}}
{"price":30,"productID":"JODL-X-1937-#pV7"}
{"index":{"_id":4}}
{"price":30,"productID":"QQPX-R-3956-#aD8"}
{"index":{"_id":5}}
{"price":50,"productID":"KDKE-B-9947-#kL5"}
{"index":{"_id":6}}
{"price":30,"productID":"KDKE-B-9947-#kL5"}
{"index":{"_id":7}}
{"price":70,"productID":"JODL-X-1937-#pV7"}
{"index":{"_id":8}}
{"price":40,"productID":"JODL-X-1937-#pV7"}

• 查找价格为20的商品信息,使用 constant_score 查询以非评分模式来执行 term 查询并以一作为统一评分

GET mystore/_search
{"query": {"constant_score": {"filter": {"term": { "price": 20 }}}}
}

• 查询具有"XHDK-A-1293-#fJ3"特定商品id的信息

GET mystore/_search
{"query":{"match_phrase":{"productID" : "XHDK-A-1293-#fJ3"}}
}

• 查询价格在20-40之间的商品信息

GET mystore/_search
{"query": {"range": {"price": {"gte": 20,"lte": 40}}}
}

• 查找商品列表中价格为20或30的商品信息

GET mystore/_search
{"query":{"terms":{"price":[20,30]}}
}

• 查询商品价格为30或者"productID"为"XHDK-A-1293-#fJ3"的商品信息，但是商品的"productID"不能为"QQPX-R-3956-#aD8"

GET mystore/_search
{"query": {"bool": {"should": [{"match": {"price": "30"}},{"match_phrase": {"productID": "XHDK-A-1293-#fJ3"}}],"must_not": [{"match_phrase": {"productID": "QQPX-R-3956-#aD8"}}]}}
}

• 查询productID 为"KDKE-B-9947-#kL5"的商品信息或者 productID为"JODL-X-1937-#pV7" 并且同时 price为 30的商品信息

GET mystore/_search
{"query":{"bool":{"must":[{"match":{"price":30}},{"bool": {"should":[{"match_phrase":{"productID":"KDKE-B-9947-#kL5"}},{"match_phrase":{"productID":"JODL-X-1937-#pV7"}}]}}]}}
}

其他：一问一答

• 索引结构确定了，能插入和结构不一致的数据么？
  能，会自动扩大索引拥有的字段
• 索引结构确定了，同一字段能插入不同类型的数据么？
  如果某字段是数字类型，不能插入字符串类型的数据，es会进行强转，强转失败则报错。但是能存入纯数字字符串，插入的数据还会以字符串的方式存储（长度有一定限制）。
• 数字类型的字段进行字符串搜索匹配么？
  不能，搜索会报错

参考文档

• ElasticSearch综合练习题
• ElasticSearch从入门到精通，史上最全（持续更新，未完待续，每天一点点）
• ES: 数据增,删,改,批量操作