Ubuntu20.04降低linux版本到5.4.0-26-generic

前言

• 试用ubuntu20.04安装昇腾的驱动和cann的时，出现如下问题：

(base) root@ubuntu:/home/work# ./Ascend-hdk-910-npu-driver_23.0.rc3_linux-aarch64.run --full
Verifying archive integrity...  100%   SHA256 checksums are OK. All good.
Uncompressing ASCEND DRIVER RUN PACKAGE  100%
[Driver] [2023-12-11 08:07:46] [INFO]Start time: 2023-12-11 08:07:46
[Driver] [2023-12-11 08:07:46] [INFO]LogFile: /var/log/ascend_seclog/ascend_install.log
[Driver] [2023-12-11 08:07:46] [INFO]OperationLogFile: /var/log/ascend_seclog/operation.log
[Driver] [2023-12-11 08:07:46] [INFO]base version is none.
[Driver] [2023-12-11 08:07:46] [WARNING]Do not power off or restart the system during the installation/upgrade
[Driver] [2023-12-11 08:07:47] [INFO]set username and usergroup, HwHiAiUser:HwHiAiUser
[Driver] [2023-12-11 08:07:49] [INFO]driver install type: DKMS
[Driver] [2023-12-11 08:07:49] [INFO]upgradePercentage:10%
[Driver] [2023-12-11 08:07:54] [INFO]upgradePercentage:30%
[Driver] [2023-12-11 08:07:54] [INFO]upgradePercentage:40%
[Driver] [2023-12-11 08:09:56] [ERROR]Dkms install failed, details in : /var/log/ascend_seclog/ascend_install.log
[Driver] [2023-12-11 08:09:56] [ERROR]Driver_ko_install failed, details in : /var/log/ascend_seclog/ascend_install.log
[Driver] [2023-12-11 08:09:56] [INFO]Failed to install driver package, please retry after uninstall and reboot!
[Driver] [2023-12-11 08:09:56] [INFO]End time: 2023-12-11 08:09:56

大概率是内核版本不对导致。目前昇腾的底层驱动和应用程序的配套如下图所示：

使用uname -r 命令查看当前的内核版本

root@ubuntu:~# uname -r
5.4.0-169-generic

不满足5.4.0-26-generic的要求，如果强行安装驱动，会出现第一步的报错问题。

安装内核

• 首先使用如下命令安装内核：

apt-get install linux-image-5.4.0-26-generic linux-headers-5.4.0-26-generic linux-modules-5.4.0-26-generic

• 使用命令： dpkg --get-selections | grep linux- 查看已经安装的内核：

linux-base                                      install
linux-firmware                                  install
linux-generic                                   install
linux-headers-5.4.0-169                         install
linux-headers-5.4.0-169-generic                 install
linux-headers-5.4.0-26                          install  #已安装
linux-headers-5.4.0-26-generic                  install
linux-headers-generic                           install
linux-image-5.4.0-169-generic                   install
linux-image-5.4.0-26-generic                    install  #已安装
linux-image-generic                             install
linux-modules-5.4.0-169-generic                 install
linux-modules-5.4.0-26-generic                  install  #已安装
linux-modules-extra-5.4.0-169-generic           install

• 设置不更新该版本的内核：
  希望以后不再更新内核，则使用命令将此内核锁住，保证以后不再自动升级内核
  命令：apt-mark hold linux-image-5.4.0-26-generic linux-headers-5.4.0-26-generic linux-modules-5.4.0-26-generic
  结果：

root@ubuntu:~# dpkg --get-selections | grep linux-
linux-base                                      install
linux-firmware                                  install
linux-generic                                   install
linux-headers-5.4.0-169                         install
linux-headers-5.4.0-169-generic                 install
linux-headers-5.4.0-26                          install
linux-headers-5.4.0-26-generic                  hold  # hold
linux-headers-generic                           install
linux-image-5.4.0-169-generic                   install
linux-image-5.4.0-26-generic                    hold
linux-image-generic                             install
linux-modules-5.4.0-169-generic                 install
linux-modules-5.4.0-26-generic                  hold
linux-modules-extra-5.4.0-169-generic           install

修改启动项

• 使用命令grep ‘menuentry’ /boot/grub/grub.cfg 查看现有已安装的内核
  结果：

root@ubuntu:~# grep 'menuentry' /boot/grub/grub.cfg
if [ x"${feature_menuentry_id}" = xy ]; thenmenuentry_id_option="--id"menuentry_id_option=""
export menuentry_id_option
menuentry 'Ubuntu' --class ubuntu --class gnu-linux --class gnu --class os $menuentry_id_option 'gnulinux-simple-64b5492d-6f43-4560-9d6e-0ada8fb69264' {
submenu 'Advanced options for Ubuntu' $menuentry_id_option 'gnulinux-advanced-64b5492d-6f43-4560-9d6e-0ada8fb69264' {menuentry 'Ubuntu, with Linux 5.4.0-169-generic' --class ubuntu --class gnu-linux --class gnu --class os $menuentry_id_option 'gnulinux-5.4.0-169-generic-advanced-64b5492d-6f43-4560-9d6e-0ada8fb69264' {menuentry 'Ubuntu, with Linux 5.4.0-169-generic (recovery mode)' --class ubuntu --class gnu-linux --class gnu --class os $menuentry_id_option 'gnulinux-5.4.0-169-generic-recovery-64b5492d-6f43-4560-9d6e-0ada8fb69264' {$menuentry_id_option 'gnulinux-5.4.0-26-generic-advanced-64b5492d-6f43-4560-9d6e-0ada8fb69264' {menuentry 'Ubuntu, with Linux 5.4.0-26-generic (recovery mode)' --class ubuntu --class gnu-linux --class gnu --class os $menuentry_id_option 'gnulinux-5.4.0-26-generic-recovery-64b5492d-6f43-4560-9d6e-0ada8fb69264' {
menuentry 'Ubuntu 20.04 LTS (20.04) (on /dev/sdb2)' --class ubuntu --class gnu-linux --class gnu --class os $menuentry_id_option 'osprober-gnulinux-simple-0eb7b5f0-729d-4b4c-8ed7-48b8e6189ed6' {
submenu 'Advanced options for Ubuntu 20.04 LTS (20.04) (on /dev/sdb2)' $menuentry_id_option 'osprober-gnulinux-advanced-0eb7b5f0-729d-4b4c-8ed7-48b8e6189ed6' {menuentry 'Ubuntu (on /dev/sdb2)' --class gnu-linux --class gnu --class os $menuentry_id_option 'osprober-gnulinux-/boot/vmlinuz-5.4.0-169-generic--0eb7b5f0-729d-4b4c-8ed7-48b8e6189ed6' {menuentry 'Ubuntu, with Linux 5.4.0-169-generic (on /dev/sdb2)' --class gnu-linux --class gnu --class os $menuentry_id_option 'osprober-gnulinux-/boot/vmlinuz-5.4.0-169-generic--0eb7b5f0-729d-4b4c-8ed7-48b8e6189ed6' {menuentry 'Ubuntu, with Linux 5.4.0-169-generic (recovery mode) (on /dev/sdb2)' --class gnu-linux --class gnu --class os $menuentry_id_option 'osprober-gnulinux-/boot/vmlinuz-5.4.0-169-generic-root=UUID=0eb7b5f0-729d-4b4c-8ed7-48b8e6189ed6 ro recovery nomodeset-0eb7b5f0-729d-4b4c-8ed7-48b8e6189ed6' {
menuentry 'UEFI Firmware Settings' $menuentry_id_option 'uefi-firmware' {
root@ubuntu:~#

查到从menuentry ‘Ubuntu, with Linux 5.4.0-26-generic’ --class ubuntu --class gnu-linux --class gnu --class os ，获取到’Ubuntu, with Linux 5.4.0-26-generic

• 修改启动项
  打开 vi /etc/default/grub

# GRUB_DEFAULT=0 # 注释这行
GRUB_DEFAULT="Advanced options for Ubuntu>Ubuntu, with Linux 5.4.0-26-generic" # Ubuntu, with Linux 5.4.0-26-generic由上一个查出的
GRUB_TIMEOUT_STYLE=hidden
GRUB_TIMEOUT=0
GRUB_DISTRIBUTOR=`lsb_release -i -s 2> /dev/null || echo Debian`
GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT=""
GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX=""

• 更新grub设置
  执行命令：update-grub
  结果：

root@ubuntu:~# sudo update-grub
\Sourcing file `/etc/default/grub'
Sourcing file `/etc/default/grub.d/init-select.cfg'
Generating grub configuration file ...
Found linux image: /boot/vmlinuz-5.4.0-169-generic
Found initrd image: /boot/initrd.img-5.4.0-169-generic
Found linux image: /boot/vmlinuz-5.4.0-26-generic ## 这行执行成功
Found initrd image: /boot/initrd.img-5.4.0-26-generic ## 这行成功
Found Ubuntu 20.04 LTS (20.04) on /dev/sdb2
Adding boot menu entry for UEFI Firmware Settings
done

安装昇腾驱动和CANN包

相关下载网站：
昇腾社区：www.hiascend.com
驱动下载：https://www.hiascend.com/hardware/firmware-drivers
CANN下载：https://www.hiascend.com/software/cann
CANN安装指导文档：https://www.hiascend.com/document/detail/zh/CANNCommunityEdition/700alpha001/softwareinstall/instg/instg_000021.html
清华软件源：https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/anaconda/miniconda/ # 下载开源的依赖软件（python）

1、安装依赖环境

软件环境依赖安装：

apt-get install -y gcc g++ make cmake zlib1g zlib1g-dev openssl libsqlite3-dev libssl-dev libffi-dev libbz2-dev libxslt1-dev unzip pciutils net-tools libblas-dev gfortran libblas3 apt-get install libgl1-mesa-glx

2、按住Python3.9.x

# 执行下载的miniconda脚本进行安装：
bash ./Miniconda3-py39_23.9.0-0-Linux-aarch64.sh

安装python依赖：

pip3 install attrs pandas numpy decorator sympy cffi pyyaml pathlib2 psutil protobuf scipy requests absl-py pyyaml opencv-python setuptools -i https://pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/simple/

3、安装HwHiAiUser用户

在命令行分别执行如下命令：

groupadd HwHiAiUser
useradd -g HwHiAiUser -d /home/HwHiAiUser -m HwHiAiUser -s /bin/bash

4、安装驱动

bash ./Ascend-hdk-910-npu-driver_23.0.rc3_linux-aarch64.run --full

安装成功提示：

(base) root@ubuntu:/home/work/dri# bash ./Ascend-hdk-910-npu-driver_23.0.rc3_linux-aarch64.run --full
Verifying archive integrity...  100%   SHA256 checksums are OK. All good.
Uncompressing ASCEND DRIVER RUN PACKAGE  100%
[Driver] [2023-12-11 15:08:52] [INFO]Start time: 2023-12-11 15:08:52
[Driver] [2023-12-11 15:08:52] [INFO]LogFile: /var/log/ascend_seclog/ascend_install.log
[Driver] [2023-12-11 15:08:52] [INFO]OperationLogFile: /var/log/ascend_seclog/operation.log
[Driver] [2023-12-11 15:08:52] [WARNING]Do not power off or restart the system during the installation/upgrade
[Driver] [2023-12-11 15:08:52] [INFO]set username and usergroup, HwHiAiUser:HwHiAiUser
[Driver] [2023-12-11 15:08:54] [INFO]driver install type: Direct
[Driver] [2023-12-11 15:08:54] [INFO]upgradePercentage:10%
[Driver] [2023-12-11 15:08:59] [INFO]upgradePercentage:30%
[Driver] [2023-12-11 15:08:59] [INFO]upgradePercentage:40%
[Driver] [2023-12-11 15:09:01] [INFO]upgradePercentage:90%
[Driver] [2023-12-11 15:09:01] [INFO]Waiting for device startup...
[Driver] [2023-12-11 15:09:08] [INFO]Device startup success
[Driver] [2023-12-11 15:09:18] [INFO]upgradePercentage:100%
[Driver] [2023-12-11 15:09:18] [INFO]Driver package installed successfully! The new version takes effect immediately.
[Driver] [2023-12-11 15:09:18] [INFO]End time: 2023-12-11 15:09:18

5、安装固件

bash ./Ascend-hdk-910-npu-firmware_7.0.0.5.242.run --full

安装成功提示：

Verifying archive integrity...  100%   SHA256 checksums are OK. All good.
Uncompressing ASCEND-HDK-910-NPU FIRMWARE RUN PACKAGE  100%
[Firmware] [2023-12-11 15:09:34] [INFO]Start time: 2023-12-11 15:09:34
[Firmware] [2023-12-11 15:09:34] [INFO]LogFile: /var/log/ascend_seclog/ascend_install.log
[Firmware] [2023-12-11 15:09:34] [INFO]OperationLogFile: /var/log/ascend_seclog/operation.log
[Firmware] [2023-12-11 15:09:34] [WARNING]Do not power off or restart the system during the installation/upgrade
[Firmware] [2023-12-11 15:09:38] [INFO]upgradePercentage: 0%
[Firmware] [2023-12-11 15:09:46] [INFO]upgradePercentage: 100%
[Firmware] [2023-12-11 15:09:46] [INFO]The firmware of [1] chips are successfully upgraded.
[Firmware] [2023-12-11 15:09:47] [INFO]Firmware package installed successfully! Reboot now or after driver installation for the installation/upgrade to take effect.

6、安装CANN

bash Ascend-cann-toolkit_7.0.0.alpha002_linux-aarch64.run --install --install-for-all

7、环境变量配置

配置vi /root/.bashrc 最后一行加入：

source /usr/local/Ascend/ascend-toolkit/set_env.sh
export LD_PRELOAD=/lib/aarch64-linux-gnu/libGLdispatch.so.0

8、安装kernel-opp算子包

bash Ascend-cann-kernel_7.0.0.alpha002_linux-aarch64.run --install --install-for-all

安装MindSpore框架

参考：mindspore.cn官网进行安装；