Kubernets(K8S)启动和运行 01-01 Kubernetes简介

Kubernets(K8S)启动和运行 01-01 Kubernetes简介

Kubernetes is an open source orchestrator for deploying containerized applications. It was originally developed by Google, inspired by a decade of experience deploying scalable, reliable systems in containers via application-oriented APIs.

Kubernetes 是一种用于部署容器化应用程序的开源协调器。它最初由谷歌开发，灵感来自于十年来通过面向应用的 API 在容器中部署可扩展的可靠系统的经验。

Since its introduction in 2014, Kubernetes has grown to be one of the largest and most popular open source projects in the world. It has become the standard API for building cloud-native applications, present in nearly every public cloud. Kubernetes is a proven infrastructure for distributed systems that is suitable for cloud-native developers of all scales, from a cluster of Raspberry Pi computers to a warehouse full of the latest machines.

自 2014 年推出以来，Kubernetes 已发展成为全球最大、最受欢迎的开源项目之一。它已成为构建云原生应用程序的标准 API，几乎存在于每一个公共云中。Kubernetes 是一种成熟的分布式系统基础架构，适用于各种规模的云原生开发人员，从 Raspberry Pi 计算机集群到堆满最新机器的仓库。

It provides the software necessary to successfully build and deploy reliable, scalable distributed systems.

它提供了成功构建和部署可靠、可扩展的分布式系统所需的软件。

You may be wondering what we mean when we say “reliable, scalable distributed systems.” More and more services are delivered over the network via APIs. These APIs are often delivered by a distributed system, the various pieces that implement the API running on different machines, connected via the network and coordinating their actions via network communication.

您可能想知道我们所说的 "可靠、可扩展的分布式系统 "是什么意思。越来越多的服务通过 API 在网络上提供。这些应用程序接口通常由分布式系统提供，实现应用程序接口的各个部分运行在不同的机器上，通过网络连接，并通过网络通信协调它们的行动。

Because we rely on these APIs increasingly for all aspects of our daily lives (e.g., finding directions to the nearest hospital), these systems must be highly reliable. They cannot fail, even if a part of the system crashes or otherwise stops working. Likewise, they must maintain availability even during software rollouts or other maintenance events.

由于我们在日常生活的各个方面越来越依赖于这些应用程序接口（例如，查找到最近医院的路线），因此这些系统必须高度可靠。即使系统的某个部分崩溃或停止工作，它们也不能失效。同样，即使在软件推出或其他维护活动期间，它们也必须保持可用性。

Finally, because more and more of the world is coming online and using such services, they must be highly scalable so that they can grow their capacity to keep up with ever-increasing usage without radical redesign of the distributed system that implements the services.

最后，由于世界上越来越多的人开始上网并使用这些服务，因此它们必须具有高度的可扩展性，这样才能在不对实现服务的分布式系统进行彻底重新设计的情况下，提高服务能力，跟上日益增长的使用量。

Depending on when and why you have come to hold this book in your hands, you may have varying degrees of experience with containers, distributed systems, and Kubernetes. You may be planning on building your application on top of public cloud infrastructure, in private data centers, or in some hybrid environment.

根据您何时以及为何将本书捧在手中，您可能在容器、分布式系统和 Kubernetes 方面拥有不同程度的经验。您可能计划在公共云基础设施、私有数据中心或某些混合环境中构建应用程序。

Regardless of what your experience is, we believe this book will enable you to make the most of your use of Kubernetes.

无论您的经验如何，我们相信本书都能让您充分利用 Kubernetes。

There are many reasons why people come to use containers and container APIs like Kubernetes, but we believe they can all be traced back to one of these benefits:

• Velocity
• Scaling (of both software and teams)
• Abstracting your infrastructure
• Efficiency

人们使用容器和容器 API（如 Kubernetes）的原因有很多，但我们相信，这些原因都可以归结为其中的一个好处：

• 速度
• 扩展（软件和团队）
• 抽象你的基础设施
• 效率

In the following sections, we describe how Kubernetes can help provide each of these features.

在下面的章节中，我们将介绍 Kubernetes 如何帮助提供这些功能。