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SpringSecurity+JWT前后端分离架构登录认证

news 2025/7/5 22:09:28

1. 数据库设计

2. 代码设计

登录认证过滤器

认证成功处理器AuthenticationSuccessHandler

认证失败处理器AuthenticationFailureHandler

AuthenticationEntryPoint配置

AccessDeniedHandler配置

UserDetailsService配置

Token校验过滤器

登录认证过滤器接口配置

Spring Security全局配置

util包

测试结果

在SpringSecurity实现前后端分离登录token认证详解_springsecurity前后端分离登录认证-CSDN博客基础上进行重构，实现前后端分离架构登录认证，基本思想相同，借鉴开源Gitee代码进行改造，具有更好的代码规范。

1. 数据库设计

DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `t_auth`;
CREATE TABLE `t_auth`  (`id` BIGINT(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,`name` VARCHAR(255) CHARACTER SET utf8mb4 COLLATE utf8mb4_general_ci NULL DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '名称',`url` VARCHAR(255) CHARACTER SET utf8mb4 COLLATE utf8mb4_general_ci NULL DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '路径',`status` INT(1) NULL DEFAULT NULL,`create_time` DATETIME(0) NULL DEFAULT NULL,`update_time` TIMESTAMP(0) NULL DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP,PRIMARY KEY (`id`) USING BTREE
) ENGINE = INNODB AUTO_INCREMENT = 7 CHARACTER SET = utf8mb4 COLLATE = utf8mb4_general_ci ROW_FORMAT = COMPACT;-- ----------------------------
-- Records of t_auth
-- ----------------------------
INSERT INTO `t_auth` VALUES (1, '删除用户', '/usr/del', 1, '2021-11-26 17:08:11', '2021-11-26 17:07:52');
INSERT INTO `t_auth` VALUES (2, '新增用户', '/usr/add', 1, '2021-11-26 17:08:13', '2021-11-26 17:08:09');
INSERT INTO `t_auth` VALUES (3, '添加产品', '/product/add', 1, '2021-11-26 17:08:42', '2021-11-26 17:08:29');
INSERT INTO `t_auth` VALUES (4, '下架产品', '/product/del', NULL, NULL, '2021-11-26 17:12:17');
INSERT INTO `t_auth` VALUES (5, '注册', '/user/register', NULL, NULL, '2021-11-26 17:13:32');
INSERT INTO `t_auth` VALUES (6, '注销', '/user/logOff', NULL, NULL, '2021-11-26 17:13:50');-- ----------------------------
-- Table structure for t_role
-- ----------------------------
DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `t_role`;
CREATE TABLE `t_role`  (`id` BIGINT(11) NOT NULL,`name` VARCHAR(60) CHARACTER SET utf8mb4 COLLATE utf8mb4_general_ci NULL DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '角色名称',`status` INT(1) NULL DEFAULT NULL,`create_time` DATETIME(0) NULL DEFAULT NULL,`update_time` TIMESTAMP(0) NULL DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP,PRIMARY KEY (`id`) USING BTREE
) ENGINE = INNODB CHARACTER SET = utf8mb4 COLLATE = utf8mb4_general_ci ROW_FORMAT = COMPACT;-- ----------------------------
-- Records of t_role
-- ----------------------------
INSERT INTO `t_role` VALUES (1, 'ROLE_admin', 1, '2021-11-26 17:08:52', '2021-11-26 17:08:51');
INSERT INTO `t_role` VALUES (2, 'ROLE_dba', 1, '2021-11-26 17:09:10', '2021-11-26 17:09:05');
INSERT INTO `t_role` VALUES (3, 'ROLE_vip', 1, '2021-11-26 17:09:32', '2021-11-26 17:09:25');
INSERT INTO `t_role` VALUES (4, 'ROLE_user', 1, '2021-11-26 17:09:45', '2021-11-26 17:09:42');-- ----------------------------
-- Table structure for t_role_auth
-- ----------------------------
DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `t_role_auth`;
CREATE TABLE `t_role_auth`  (`id` BIGINT(20) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,`role_id` BIGINT(20) NULL DEFAULT NULL,`auth_id` BIGINT(20) NULL DEFAULT NULL,`status` INT(1) NULL DEFAULT NULL,`create_time` DATETIME(0) NULL DEFAULT NULL,`update_time` TIMESTAMP(0) NULL DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP,PRIMARY KEY (`id`) USING BTREE
) ENGINE = INNODB AUTO_INCREMENT = 5 CHARACTER SET = utf8mb4 COLLATE = utf8mb4_general_ci ROW_FORMAT = COMPACT;-- ----------------------------
-- Records of t_role_auth
-- ----------------------------
INSERT INTO `t_role_auth` VALUES (1, 1, 3, 1, '2021-11-26 17:11:31', '2021-11-26 17:11:29');
INSERT INTO `t_role_auth` VALUES (2, 1, 4, 1, '2021-11-26 17:11:31', '2021-11-26 17:11:29');
INSERT INTO `t_role_auth` VALUES (3, 4, 5, 1, '2021-11-26 17:14:45', '2021-11-26 17:14:35');
INSERT INTO `t_role_auth` VALUES (4, 4, 6, 1, '2021-11-26 17:14:47', '2021-11-26 17:14:41');-- ----------------------------
-- Table structure for t_user
-- ----------------------------
DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `t_user`;
CREATE TABLE `t_user`  (`id` BIGINT(11) NOT NULL,`user_id` VARCHAR(60) CHARACTER SET utf8mb4 COLLATE utf8mb4_general_ci NULL DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '唯一的userId',`username` VARCHAR(60) CHARACTER SET utf8mb4 COLLATE utf8mb4_general_ci NULL DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '用户名',`password` VARCHAR(60) CHARACTER SET utf8mb4 COLLATE utf8mb4_general_ci NULL DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '密码',`name` VARCHAR(60) CHARACTER SET utf8mb4 COLLATE utf8mb4_general_ci NULL DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '姓名',`status` INT(1) NULL DEFAULT NULL,`create_time` DATETIME(0) NULL DEFAULT NULL,`update_time` TIMESTAMP(0) NULL DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP,PRIMARY KEY (`id`) USING BTREE
) ENGINE = INNODB CHARACTER SET = utf8mb4 COLLATE = utf8mb4_general_ci ROW_FORMAT = COMPACT;-- ----------------------------
-- Records of t_user
-- ----------------------------
INSERT INTO `t_user` VALUES (1, '120', 'zhangsan', '123456', '张三', 1, '2021-11-26 17:07:03', '2021-11-26 17:06:53');
INSERT INTO `t_user` VALUES (2, '110', 'lisi', '123456', '李四', 1, '2021-11-26 17:07:36', '2021-11-26 17:07:12');-- ----------------------------
-- Table structure for t_user_role
-- ----------------------------
DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `t_user_role`;
CREATE TABLE `t_user_role`  (`id` BIGINT(20) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,`user_id` VARCHAR(60) CHARACTER SET utf8mb4 COLLATE utf8mb4_general_ci NULL DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '用户唯一userId',`role_id` BIGINT(20) NULL DEFAULT NULL,`status` INT(1) NULL DEFAULT NULL,`create_time` DATETIME(0) NULL DEFAULT NULL,`update_time` TIMESTAMP(0) NULL DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP,PRIMARY KEY (`id`) USING BTREE
) ENGINE = INNODB AUTO_INCREMENT = 3 CHARACTER SET = utf8mb4 COLLATE = utf8mb4_general_ci ROW_FORMAT = COMPACT;-- ----------------------------
-- Records of t_user_role
-- ----------------------------
INSERT INTO `t_user_role` VALUES (1, '120', 1, 1, '2021-11-26 17:10:10', '2021-11-26 17:10:11');
INSERT INTO `t_user_role` VALUES (2, '110', 2, 1, '2021-11-26 17:11:16', '2021-11-26 17:11:13');

2. 代码设计

登录认证过滤器

Spring Security默认的表单登录认证的过滤器是UsernamePasswordAuthenticationFilter，这个过滤器并不适用于前后端分离的架构，因此我们需要自定义一个过滤器。参照UsernamePasswordAuthenticationFilter这个过滤器改造一下。

/*** 登录认证的filter，参照UsernamePasswordAuthenticationFilter，添加到这之前的过滤器*/public class JwtAuthenticationLoginFilter extends AbstractAuthenticationProcessingFilter {/*** 构造方法，调用父类的，设置登录地址/login，请求方式POST*/public JwtAuthenticationLoginFilter() {super(new AntPathRequestMatcher("/login", "POST"));}@Overridepublic Authentication attemptAuthentication(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) {//获取表单提交数据String username = request.getParameter("username");String password = request.getParameter("password");//封装到token中提交UsernamePasswordAuthenticationToken authRequest = new UsernamePasswordAuthenticationToken(username,password);return getAuthenticationManager().authenticate(authRequest);}
}

认证成功处理器AuthenticationSuccessHandler

上述的过滤器接口一旦认证成功，则会调用AuthenticationSuccessHandler进行处理，因此我们可以自定义一个认证成功处理器进行自己的业务处理，代码如下：

@Component
public class LoginAuthenticationSuccessHandler implements AuthenticationSuccessHandler {@Autowiredprivate JwtUtil jwtUtil;@AutowiredRedisTemplate redisTemplate;@Overridepublic void onAuthenticationSuccess(HttpServletRequest httpServletRequest,HttpServletResponse httpServletResponse,Authentication authentication) throws IOException {UserDetails userDetails = (UserDetails) authentication.getPrincipal();SecurityContextHolder.getContext().setAuthentication(authentication);Map<String,String> map=new HashMap<>();map.put("username",userDetails.getUsername());//jwt生成tokenString token = jwtUtil.getToken(map);RedisUser redisUser = RedisUser.builder().username(userDetails.getUsername()).password(userDetails.getPassword()).authorities(userDetails.getAuthorities().stream().map(i->i.getAuthority()).collect(Collectors.toList())).build();//将用户信息保存到redis缓存中redisTemplate.opsForValue().set(userDetails.getUsername(),redisUser,12, TimeUnit.HOURS);ResponseUtils.result(httpServletResponse,new ResultMsg(200,"登录成功！",token));}}

认证失败处理器AuthenticationFailureHandler

同样的，一旦登录失败，比如用户名或者密码错误等等，则会调用AuthenticationFailureHandler进行处理，因此我们需要自定义一个认证失败的处理器，其中根据异常信息返回特定的JSON数据给客户端，代码如下：

@Component
public class LoginAuthenticationFailureHandler implements AuthenticationFailureHandler {/*** 一旦登录失败则会被调用*/@Overridepublic void onAuthenticationFailure(HttpServletRequest httpServletRequest,HttpServletResponse response,AuthenticationException exception) throws IOException {//TODO 根据项目需要返回指定异常提示,这里演示了一个用户名密码错误的异常//BadCredentialsException 这个异常一般是用户名或者密码错误if (exception instanceof BadCredentialsException){ResponseUtils.result(response,new ResultMsg(200,"用户名或密码不正确！",null));}ResponseUtils.result(response,new ResultMsg(200,"登录失败",null));}
}

AuthenticationEntryPoint配置

AuthenticationEntryPoint这个接口当用户未通过认证访问受保护的资源时，将会调用其中的commence()方法进行处理。

@Component
@Slf4j
public class EntryPointUnauthorizedHandler implements AuthenticationEntryPoint {@Overridepublic void commence(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, AuthenticationException authException) throws IOException {ResponseUtils.result(response,new ResultMsg(403,"认证失败，请重新登录！",null));}
}

AccessDeniedHandler配置

AccessDeniedHandler这处理器当认证成功的用户访问受保护的资源，但是权限不够，则会进入这个处理器进行处理。

@Component
public class RequestAccessDeniedHandler implements AccessDeniedHandler {@Overridepublic void handle(HttpServletRequest request,HttpServletResponse response,AccessDeniedException accessDeniedException) throws IOException {ResponseUtils.result(response,new ResultMsg(403,"权限不足！",null));}
}

UserDetailsService配置

UserDetailsService这个类是用来加载用户信息，包括用户名、密码、权限、角色集合，我们需要实现这个接口，从数据库加载用户信息，代码如下：

@Service
public class JwtTokenUserDetailsService implements UserDetailsService {/*** 查询用户详情的service*/@Autowiredprivate LoginService loginService;@Overridepublic UserDetails loadUserByUsername(String username) throws UsernameNotFoundException {//从数据库中查询SecurityUser securityUser = loginService.loadByUsername(username);System.out.println(securityUser);//用户不存在直接抛出UsernameNotFoundException，security会捕获抛出BadCredentialsExceptionif (Objects.isNull(securityUser))throw new UsernameNotFoundException("用户不存在！");return securityUser;}
}

其中的LoginService是根据用户名从数据库中查询出密码、角色、权限，代码如下：

@Service
public class LoginServiceImpl implements LoginService {@Autowiredprivate PasswordEncoder passwordEncoder;@AutowiredTUserService tUserService;@AutowiredTRoleService tRoleService;@Nullable@Overridepublic SecurityUser loadByUsername(String username) {//获取用户信息TUser user = tUserService.getByUsername(username);if (Objects.nonNull(user)){SecurityUser securityUser = new SecurityUser();securityUser.setUsername(username);//todo 此处为了方便，直接在数据库存储的明文，实际生产中应该存储密文，则这里不用再次加密securityUser.setPassword(passwordEncoder.encode(user.getPassword()));//查询该用户的角色List<String> userRoles = tRoleService.selectAllByUsername(username);String[] a={};List<GrantedAuthority> authorityList = AuthorityUtils.createAuthorityList(userRoles.toArray(a));securityUser.setAuthorities(authorityList);return securityUser;}return null;}}

UserDetails这个也是个接口，其中定义了几种方法，都是围绕着用户名、密码、权限+角色集合这三个属性，因此我们可以实现这个类拓展这些字段，SecurityUser代码如下：

@Data
public class SecurityUser implements UserDetails {//用户名private String username;//密码private String password;//权限private Collection<? extends GrantedAuthority> authorities;public SecurityUser(String username, String password, Collection<? extends GrantedAuthority> authorities) {this.username = username;this.password = password;this.authorities = authorities;}public SecurityUser(){}@Overridepublic Collection<? extends GrantedAuthority> getAuthorities() {return authorities;}@Overridepublic String getPassword() {return password;}@Overridepublic String getUsername() {return username;}// 账户是否未过期@Overridepublic boolean isAccountNonExpired() {return true;}// 账户是否未被锁@Overridepublic boolean isAccountNonLocked() {return true;}@Overridepublic boolean isCredentialsNonExpired() {return true;}@Overridepublic boolean isEnabled() {return true;}
}

Token校验过滤器

客户端请求头携带了token，服务端肯定是需要针对每次请求解析、校验token，因此必须定义一个Token过滤器，这个过滤器的主要逻辑如下：

从请求头中获取accessToken
对accessToken解析、验签、校验过期时间
校验成功，将authentication存入ThreadLocal中，这样方便后续直接获取用户详细信息。

@Component
public class TokenAuthenticationFilter extends OncePerRequestFilter {/*** JWT的工具类*/@Autowiredprivate JwtUtil jwtUtil;/*** UserDetailsService的实现类，从数据库中加载用户详细信息*/@Qualifier("jwtTokenUserDetailsService")@Autowiredprivate UserDetailsService userDetailsService;@AutowiredRedisTemplate redisTemplate;@Overrideprotected void doFilterInternal(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, FilterChain chain) throws ServletException, IOException {String token = request.getHeader("token");/*** token存在则校验token* 1. token是否存在* 2. token存在：*  2.1 校验token中的用户名是否失效*/if (!StringUtils.isEmpty(token)){DecodedJWT decodedJWT = jwtUtil.getTokenInfo(token);String username;try {username = decodedJWT.getClaim("username").asString();}catch (Exception e){throw new RuntimeException("token无效");}//从redis缓存中获得对应用户数据RedisUser redisUser = (RedisUser) redisTemplate.opsForValue().get(username);String[] a={};List<GrantedAuthority> authorityList = AuthorityUtils.createAuthorityList(redisUser.getAuthorities().toArray(a));UsernamePasswordAuthenticationToken authentication = new UsernamePasswordAuthenticationToken(redisUser, null,authorityList);authentication.setDetails(new WebAuthenticationDetailsSource().buildDetails(request));// 将 authentication 存入 ThreadLocal，方便后续获取用户信息SecurityContextHolder.getContext().setAuthentication(authentication);}//继续执行下一个过滤器chain.doFilter(request,response);}
}

登录认证过滤器接口配置

上述定义了一个认证过滤器JwtAuthenticationLoginFilter，这个是用来登录的过滤器，但是并没有注入加入Spring Security的过滤器链中，需要定义配置，代码如下：

@Configuration
public class JwtAuthenticationSecurityConfig extends SecurityConfigurerAdapter<DefaultSecurityFilterChain, HttpSecurity> {/*** userDetailService*/@Qualifier("jwtTokenUserDetailsService")@Autowiredprivate UserDetailsService userDetailsService;/*** 登录成功处理器*/@Autowiredprivate LoginAuthenticationSuccessHandler loginAuthenticationSuccessHandler;/*** 登录失败处理器*/@Autowiredprivate LoginAuthenticationFailureHandler loginAuthenticationFailureHandler;/*** 加密*/@Autowiredprivate PasswordEncoder passwordEncoder;/*** 将登录接口的过滤器配置到过滤器链中* 1. 配置登录成功、失败处理器* 2. 配置自定义的userDetailService（从数据库中获取用户数据）* 3. 将自定义的过滤器配置到spring security的过滤器链中，配置在UsernamePasswordAuthenticationFilter之前* @param*/@Overridepublic void configure(HttpSecurity http) {JwtAuthenticationLoginFilter filter = new JwtAuthenticationLoginFilter();filter.setAuthenticationManager(http.getSharedObject(AuthenticationManager.class));//认证成功处理器filter.setAuthenticationSuccessHandler(loginAuthenticationSuccessHandler);//认证失败处理器filter.setAuthenticationFailureHandler(loginAuthenticationFailureHandler);//直接使用DaoAuthenticationProviderDaoAuthenticationProvider provider = new DaoAuthenticationProvider();//设置userDetailServiceprovider.setUserDetailsService(userDetailsService);//设置加密算法provider.setPasswordEncoder(passwordEncoder);http.authenticationProvider(provider);//将这个过滤器添加到UsernamePasswordAuthenticationFilter之前执行http.addFilterBefore(filter, UsernamePasswordAuthenticationFilter.class);}
}

Spring Security全局配置

上述仅仅配置了登录过滤器，还需要在全局配置类做一些配置，如下：

应用登录过滤器的配置
将登录接口、令牌刷新接口放行，不需要拦截
配置AuthenticationEntryPoint、AccessDeniedHandler
禁用session，前后端分离+JWT方式不需要session
将token校验过滤器TokenAuthenticationFilter添加到过滤器链中，放在UsernamePasswordAuthenticationFilter之前。

@Configuration
//@EnableWebSecurity
public class SecurityConfig extends WebSecurityConfigurerAdapter {@Autowiredprivate JwtAuthenticationSecurityConfig jwtAuthenticationSecurityConfig;@Autowiredprivate EntryPointUnauthorizedHandler entryPointUnauthorizedHandler;@Autowiredprivate RequestAccessDeniedHandler requestAccessDeniedHandler;@Overrideprotected void configure(HttpSecurity http) throws Exception {http.formLogin()//禁用表单登录，前后端分离用不上.disable()//应用登录过滤器的配置，配置分离.apply(jwtAuthenticationSecurityConfig).and()// 设置URL的授权.authorizeRequests().antMatchers("/login").permitAll()// anyRequest() 所有请求   authenticated() 必须被认证.anyRequest().authenticated()//处理异常情况：认证失败和权限不足.and().exceptionHandling()//认证未通过，不允许访问异常处理器.authenticationEntryPoint(entryPointUnauthorizedHandler)//认证通过，但是没权限处理器.accessDeniedHandler(requestAccessDeniedHandler).and()//禁用session，JWT校验不需要session.sessionManagement().sessionCreationPolicy(SessionCreationPolicy.STATELESS).and()//将TOKEN校验过滤器配置到过滤器链中，否则不生效，放到UsernamePasswordAuthenticationFilter之前.addFilterBefore(authenticationTokenFilterBean(), UsernamePasswordAuthenticationFilter.class)// 关闭csrf.csrf().disable();}// 自定义的Jwt Token校验过滤器@Beanpublic TokenAuthenticationFilter authenticationTokenFilterBean() {return new TokenAuthenticationFilter();}/*** 加密算法** @return*/@Bean@Overrideprotected AuthenticationManager authenticationManager() throws Exception {return super.authenticationManager();}
}

util包

JWT工具类

@Component
@ConfigurationProperties(prefix = "jwt")
//@Data
public class JwtUtil {private  String signature="cbac";private  Integer expiration=12;/**** 生成token header.payload.signature*/public  String getToken(Map<String,String> payload){Calendar calendar = Calendar.getInstance();calendar.add(Calendar.HOUR, 24);  // 24小时JWTCreator.Builder builder = JWT.create();// 构建payloadpayload.forEach(builder::withClaim);// 指定签发时间、过期时间 和 签名算法，并返回tokenString token = builder.withIssuedAt(new Date()).withExpiresAt(calendar.getTime()).sign(Algorithm.HMAC256(signature));return token;}/**** 获取token信息*/public  DecodedJWT getTokenInfo(String token){DecodedJWT verify=JWT.require(Algorithm.HMAC256(signature)).build().verify(token);return verify;}}

结果封装类

public class ResponseUtils {public static void result(HttpServletResponse response, ResultMsg msg) throws IOException {response.setContentType("application/json;charset=UTF-8");ServletOutputStream out = response.getOutputStream();ObjectMapper objectMapper = new ObjectMapper();out.write(objectMapper.writeValueAsString(msg).getBytes("UTF-8"));out.flush();out.close();}
}