【环境搭建】ubuntu工作站搭建全流程（显卡4090）

安装ubuntu22.04系统

首先，先压缩windows分区，按住Win + X快捷键，选择磁盘管理,压缩分区，压缩出新的分区用于安装ubuntu22.04

• windows插入系统盘，点击重启，一直按F12,选择系统盘启动方式
• 语言选择chinese–>最小化安装，且安装时不进行更新–>分区(必备的分区:swap(20G)、efi(系统启动必备)100M足够、根目录(/)一般为系统盘越大越好、家目录(/home)选择额外的硬盘挂载)
• 启动目录选择刚刚制作efi的盘符目录
• 安装等待
• 新安装的ubuntu系统需要被远程连接
  • 安装 SSH 服务器

sudo apt update
sudo apt install openssh-server

• 确认 SSH 服务已启动

sudo systemctl status ssh

出现下面信息表示处于激活状态

● ssh.service - OpenBSD Secure Shell serverLoaded: loaded (/lib/systemd/system/ssh.service; enabled; vendor preset: enabled)Active: active (running) since Sat 2024-04-06 09:32:08 UTC; 10min ago

• 配置防火墙

sudo ufw allow ssh

ubuntu安装driver,cuda,cudnn

安装驱动Nvidia(530.41)

ERROR: Unable to find the development tool `cc` in your path; please make sure that you have the package 'gcc' installed.  If gcc is installed on your system, then please check that `cc` is in your PATH.

解决方法：

• 查看gcc是否被安装

gcc --version

或者

g++ --version

如果显示命令未找到，表示未安装gcc

• 安装gcc

apt update  
apt install build-essential

 WARNING: The symbolic link '/usr/lib/libGL.so.1' does not exist.  This is necessary for correct operation of the NVIDIA Accelerated Graphics Driver for Linux-x86_64.  You can create this symbolic link manually by executing ln -sf /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libGL.so.1 /usr/lib/libGL.so.1.  

530.41驱动地址
bash ./NVIDIA-Linux-x86_64-530.41.03.run
输入nvidia-smi命令，出现以下信息，表明成功

问题：输入nvidia-smi命令，出现信息慢
解决方法：
打开持久模式
nvidia-smi -pm 1

安装cuda11.8

cuda地址

wget https://developer.download.nvidia.com/compute/cuda/11.8.0/local_installers/cuda_11.8.0_520.61.05_linux.run
sudo sh cuda_11.8.0_520.61.05_linux.run

• 添加cuda环境变量

vim ~/.bashrc
export PATH=/usr/local/cuda-11.8/bin:$PATH  
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=/usr/local/cuda-11.8/lib64:$LD_LIBRARY_PATH
source ~/.bashrc

• 输入nvcc -V检查cuda变量是否成功
  

安装cudnn（8.9.6）

cudnn地址
选择下载的是tar包，解压后分别放到cuda相应位置就好

• 解压tar.xz文件

tar -xf cudnn-linux-x86_64-8.9.6.50_cuda11-archive.tar.xz

• 将该解压包cudnn-linux-x86_64-8.9.6.50_cuda11-archive重命名为cuda

mv cudnn-linux-x86_64-8.9.6.50_cuda11-archive cuda

• 将cuda下的头文件拷贝到/usr/local/cuda-11.8对应目录下

cp cuda/include/cudnn*.h /usr/local/cuda-11.8/include

• 将cuda下的库文件拷贝到/usr/local/cuda-11.8对应目录下

cp -P cuda/lib/libcudnn* /usr/local/cuda-11.8/lib64

• 赋予文件读取权限

chmod a+r /usr/local/cuda-11.8/include/cudnn*.h /usr/local/cuda-11.8/lib64/libcudnn*

建立软连接，将环境映射到miniconda3/envs下

cd /data/miniconda3/envs
ln -s /data/miniconda3/envs/* ./

• 执行conda activate env_name查看是否链接成功

supervisor(监督python程序)

• 安装supervisor

apt install supervisor

• 生成配置文件

echo_supervisord_conf > /etc/supervisord.conf

• 修改配置文件，指定工程配置

vim /etc/supervisord.conf

在末尾加上

[include]
files = /etc/supervisord.d/*.conf

• 启动supervisor

supervisord -c /etc/supervisord.conf

安装docker

• 安装基础docker
  • 设置仓库

sudo apt update # 更新源sudo apt install ca-certificates curl gnupg lsb-release # 安装依赖curl -fsSL https://download.docker.com/linux/ubuntu/gpg | sudo gpg --dearmor -o /usr/share/keyrings/docker-archive-keyring.gpg # 将官方Docker存储库的GPG密钥添加到系统
echo "deb [arch=$(dpkg --print-architecture) signed-by=/usr/share/keyrings/docker-archive-keyring.gpg] https://download.docker.com/linux/ubuntu \$(lsb_release -cs) stable" | sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/docker.list > /dev/null # 设置稳定的仓库。

• 安装docker-ce及配套

sudo apt update # 上一步设置仓库后，要更新源
sudo apt install docker-ce docker-ce-cli containerd.io docker-compose-plugin # 安装docker-ce和配套

• 安装nvidia-container-toolkit

# Add the package repositories
distribution="ubuntu22.04"
curl -s -L https://nvidia.github.io/nvidia-docker/gpgkey | sudo apt-key add -
curl -s -L https://nvidia.github.io/nvidia-docker/$distribution/nvidia-docker.list | sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/nvidia-docker.listsudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get install -y nvidia-container-toolkit
sudo systemctl restart docker

• 在/etc/docker/daemon.json中写入下面镜像源

{"registry-mirrors": ["https://registry.docker-cn.com","https://docker.mirrors.ustc.edu.cn","https://hub-mirror.c.163.com"]
}

• 执行命令使得添加镜像源生效，并重启docker

安装Typora

sudo systemctl daemon-reload && sudo systemctl restart docker

安装企业微信

sudo apt-get install -f -y ./ukylin-wine_70.6.3.25_amd64.deb
sudo apt-get install -f -y ./ukylin-wxwork_1.0_amd64.deb

激活pycharm

• 激活码

UX394X3HLT-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-YqDHrEIEaf/x1JqIdTI64AYA1IpRoYiqoZ/1YDnfpEqSFNJIC4er7K1hjUm9tFslnY2XoNRs04JSUG8CgNkTgIKA4xLyxGBufJYyHv26UKQmyf1nb1pM9XATb3pWSQ3h6o8/4x3jacVk3zbAuXt3uV6eEj2bCZvhGpATFmK1JVsSor+XgPr5aYePCtyymiyPOq33ghW5onzSI5LsQR5motHvLgWmjf0Mkutys3SmWt13YVcIe5yCzhlTNCZw++CAuRh2Fx/JXZhRt+kUqW2yLbkIo3kNEg2I31H8qya+RDJ09Qz7DsDkrIgODqX4Wbd2fy1C7Q1CcjjksvjhswnpNA==-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

• 激活补充
  https://zhuanlan.zhihu.com/p/682614037

生成激活码
https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_73546177/article/details/132033297

参考文档：
https://zhuanlan.zhihu.com/p/338507526
https://www.cnblogs.com/ksky-2023/p/17389977.html
https://yinguobing.com/install-cudnn8-with-tar-file/