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docker 存储网络命令

news 2026/2/10 2:34:33

文章目录

1 docker存储
- 1.1 目录挂载
- 2.1卷映射
- - 2.1.1卷映射和目录挂载的区别
  - 2.1.2卷映射的使用
2 docker网络
- 2.1查看docker的默认网络
- 2.2查看容器的IP
- 2.3容器互通
- 2.4自定义网络
- - 2.4.1 创建自定义网络
  - 2.4.2创建容器的时候加入到自定义的网络
  - 2.4.3使用域名进行容器之间的访问
  - 2.4.4redis主从同步集群
  - - 2.4.4.1启动redis主节点容器
    - 2.4.4.2启动redis从节点容器

1 docker存储

1.1 目录挂载

目录挂载的作用就好像是U盘，盘符里面的内容和电脑里面展示的是一样的。如果容器挂了，那么重启开启容器并且指定原来的盘符映射到容器就可以了。

-d:后台运行
-p：主机port：容器port。这样外部就可以访问档容器了
–name：指定容器的名字
-v:主机目录：容器目录。这样就会把容器里面的数据保存到主机了，即使容器崩了，也木事。

[root@root ~]# docker run -d -p 80:80 --name mynginx -v /app/nghtml:/usr/share/nginx/html nginx 
Unable to find image 'nginx:latest' locally
latest: Pulling from library/nginx
09f376ebb190: Already exists 
5529e0792248: Already exists 
9b3addd3eb3d: Already exists 
57910a8c4316: Already exists 
7b5f78f21449: Already exists 
b7923aa4e8a6: Already exists 
785625911f12: Already exists 
Digest: sha256:0f04e4f646a3f14bf31d8bc8d885b6c951fdcf42589d06845f64d18aec6a3c4d
Status: Downloaded newer image for nginx:latest
7236550f01944f5bcf235404fc455a46e986cbc879a764d054a08b5d0d92d0a2
[root@root ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND                   CREATED              STATUS              PORTS                               NAMES
7236550f0194   nginx     "/docker-entrypoint.…"   About a minute ago   Up About a minute   0.0.0.0:80->80/tcp, :::80->80/tcp   mynginx
[root@root ~]#

2.1卷映射

2.1.1卷映射和目录挂载的区别

若将nginx配置文件进行目录挂载，那么会启动报错nginx: [emerg] open() "/etc/nginx/nginx.conf" failed (2: No such file or directory)。因为目录挂载容易会以主机的目录为主，首先进行加载。
如果在容器启动就进行加载的文件，进行卷映射。卷映射会在容器启动的时候将启动的配置文件同步到主机的卷中

[root@root ~]# docker run -d -p 88:80 --name app01 -v /app/nghtml:/usr/share/nginx/htm -v /app/nghtml:/etc/nginx nginx 
45d51b3d7733481ad6deb7c5d7321915ba867850021b6e3eeed67bfe5437a654
[root@root ~]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND                   CREATED          STATUS                      PORTS                               NAMES
45d51b3d7733   nginx     "/docker-entrypoint.…"   12 seconds ago   Exited (1) 12 seconds ago                                       app01
7236550f0194   nginx     "/docker-entrypoint.…"   20 minutes ago   Up 20 minutes               0.0.0.0:80->80/tcp, :::80->80/tcp   mynginx
[root@root ~]# docker logs 45d51b3d7733 
/docker-entrypoint.sh: /docker-entrypoint.d/ is not empty, will attempt to perform configuration
/docker-entrypoint.sh: Looking for shell scripts in /docker-entrypoint.d/
/docker-entrypoint.sh: Launching /docker-entrypoint.d/10-listen-on-ipv6-by-default.sh
10-listen-on-ipv6-by-default.sh: info: /etc/nginx/conf.d/default.conf is not a file or does not exist
/docker-entrypoint.sh: Sourcing /docker-entrypoint.d/15-local-resolvers.envsh
/docker-entrypoint.sh: Launching /docker-entrypoint.d/20-envsubst-on-templates.sh
/docker-entrypoint.sh: Launching /docker-entrypoint.d/30-tune-worker-processes.sh
/docker-entrypoint.sh: Configuration complete; ready for start up
2024/06/05 01:44:31 [emerg] 1#1: open() "/etc/nginx/nginx.conf" failed (2: No such file or directory)
nginx: [emerg] open() "/etc/nginx/nginx.conf" failed (2: No such file or directory)
[root@root ~]#

2.1.2卷映射的使用

删除容器卷不会删除

[root@root ~]# docker run -d -p 89:80 -v /app/nghtml:/usr/share/nginx/html -v ngconfig:/etc/nginx --name app02 nginx
514d71e9fa6b5e96442c04a5ea69401e73102191329647c728bf92d6d5e334c7
[root@root ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND                   CREATED          STATUS          PORTS                               NAMES
514d71e9fa6b   nginx     "/docker-entrypoint.…"   4 seconds ago    Up 4 seconds    0.0.0.0:89->80/tcp, :::89->80/tcp   app02
7236550f0194   nginx     "/docker-entrypoint.…"   34 minutes ago   Up 34 minutes   0.0.0.0:80->80/tcp, :::80->80/tcp   mynginx
[root@root ~]#

查看卷的位置：/var/lib/docker/volumes/ngconfig（卷名）docker默认目录

[root@root ~]# cd /var/lib/docker/volumes/ngconfig（卷名）
[root@root ngconfig]# ls
_data
[root@root ngconfig]# cd _data/
[root@root _data]# ls
conf.d  fastcgi_params  mime.types  modules  nginx.conf  scgi_params  uwsgi_params
[root@root _data]#

[root@root _data]# docker volume ls 查看所有卷的列表
DRIVER    VOLUME NAME
local     ngconfig
[root@root _data]#

查看某个卷的详情

[root@root _data]# docker volume inspect ngconfig （卷名）
[{"CreatedAt": "2024-06-05T09:57:51+08:00","Driver": "local","Labels": null,"Mountpoint": "/var/lib/docker/volumes/ngconfig/_data","Name": "ngconfig","Options": null,"Scope": "local"}
]
[root@root _data]#

2 docker网络

docker在安装之后就会有一个默认网络（docker0），容器在启动之后就会加入这个默认的安排

2.1查看docker的默认网络

[root@root _data]# ip a
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default qlen 1000link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lovalid_lft forever preferred_lft foreverinet6 ::1/128 scope host valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2: eth0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP group default qlen 1000link/ether 00:16:3e:06:4d:35 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ffinet 172.28.216.6/20 brd 172.28.223.255 scope global dynamic eth0valid_lft 315352185sec preferred_lft 315352185secinet6 fe80::216:3eff:fe06:4d35/64 scope link valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
3: docker0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue state UP group default link/ether 02:42:e1:74:a5:bf brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ffinet 172.17.0.1/16 brd 172.17.255.255 scope global docker0valid_lft forever preferred_lft foreverinet6 fe80::42:e1ff:fe74:a5bf/64 scope link valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
5: veth873139c@if4: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue master docker0 state UP group default link/ether 9a:cc:07:b8:51:aa brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff link-netnsid 0inet6 fe80::98cc:7ff:feb8:51aa/64 scope link valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
11: veth1b36288@if10: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue master docker0 state UP group default link/ether ea:38:4b:e5:22:b3 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff link-netnsid 1inet6 fe80::e838:4bff:fee5:22b3/64 scope link valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
[root@root _data]#

2.2查看容器的IP

查看容器的IP，使用一下命令，查看 "Networks":中的 "Gateway": "172.17.0.1", "IPAddress": "172.17.0.3",

[root@root _data]# docker inspect app02

  "Networks": {"bridge": {"IPAMConfig": null,"Links": null,"Aliases": null,"MacAddress": "02:42:ac:11:00:03","NetworkID": "5c06bf39edc223eda9311e67b5b0d023806ed375e8e24e8672be832f691b908b","EndpointID": "1ecef5a2c484b5823319b003a248ce88b5b847f16cdf88cd889887eaf1a57679","Gateway": "172.17.0.1","IPAddress": "172.17.0.3",

2.3容器互通

docker为每一个容器分配一个ip，使用ip+port可以使容器之间相互访问。

[root@root _data]# docker exec -it mynginx bash
root@7236550f0194:/# curl http://172.17.0.3:80

2.4自定义网络

原因：容器的ip不固定，创建一个新的网络，使用域名的方式进行访问

2.4.1 创建自定义网络

[root@root _data]# docker network create mynet
55cff593988b4e0de23ed26924d1f4e011a53f9d8b27ee4a5b98bc7ea6870958
[root@root _data]# docker network ls
NETWORK ID     NAME      DRIVER    SCOPE
5c06bf39edc2   bridge    bridge    local
1776efe50fa7   host      host      local
55cff593988b   mynet     bridge    local
5297b84dfd13   none      null      local
[root@root _data]#

2.4.2创建容器的时候加入到自定义的网络

[root@root _data]# docker run -d --name app01 --network mynet -p 81:80 nginx
1c0baf2a2666d839add230effa4530b5e8ef7123be0573e7a6a686276f84a9b0
[root@root _data]# docker run -d --name app02 --network mynet -p 82:80 nginx
056416a0c89f8e9ca771c7c5f301b1d5e0312afa24cc1815d895b232bf724258
[root@root _data]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND                   CREATED          STATUS          PORTS                               NAMES
056416a0c89f   nginx     "/docker-entrypoint.…"   5 seconds ago    Up 5 seconds    0.0.0.0:82->80/tcp, :::82->80/tcp   app02
1c0baf2a2666   nginx     "/docker-entrypoint.…"   19 seconds ago   Up 19 seconds   0.0.0.0:81->80/tcp, :::81->80/tcp   app01
[root@root _data]#

2.4.3使用域名进行容器之间的访问

因为使用ip进行容器之间的访问ip不固定。所以在创建容器的时候，指定加入自定义网络，那么就可以使用固定的域名进行访问了，这个域名就是http://app02(容器名):80

[root@root ~]# docker exec -it app01 bash
root@1c0baf2a2666:/# curl http://app02:80
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>Welcome to nginx!</title>
<style>
html { color-scheme: light dark; }
body { width: 35em; margin: 0 auto;
font-family: Tahoma, Verdana, Arial, sans-serif; }
</style>
</head>
<body>
<h1>Welcome to nginx!</h1>
<p>If you see this page, the nginx web server is successfully installed and
working. Further configuration is required.</p><p>For online documentation and support please refer to
<a href="http://nginx.org/">nginx.org</a>.<br/>
Commercial support is available at
<a href="http://nginx.com/">nginx.com</a>.</p><p><em>Thank you for using nginx.</em></p>
</body>
</html>
root@1c0baf2a2666:/#

2.4.4redis主从同步集群

在这里插入图片描述

2.4.4.1启动redis主节点容器

[root@root ~]# docker run -d -p 6379:6379 --name redis01 --network mynet  -v /app/rd1:/bitnami/reids/data -e REDIS_REPLICATION_MODE=master -e REDIS_PASSWORD=123456 bitnami/redis
Unable to find image 'bitnami/redis:latest' locally
latest: Pulling from bitnami/redis
44f3255d2f6a: Pull complete 
Digest: sha256:5261cae9e4076b75d114e6bb032a0699c50b004ea06a680a5304c4c08d286adb
Status: Downloaded newer image for bitnami/redis:latest
da79f3d15645162d71a0bd8891c5e55271a20332de052f2371b4f0333413c93f
[root@root ~]#

2.4.4.2启动redis从节点容器

[root@root ~]# docker run -d -p 6380:6379 --name redis02 --network mynet \
> -v /app/rd2:/bitnami/redis/data \
> -e REDIS_REPLICATION_MODE=slave \
> -e REDIS_MASTER_HOST=redis01 \
> -e REDIS_MASTER_PORT_NUMBER=6379 \
> -e REDIS_MASTER_PASSWORD=123456 \
> -e REDIS_PASSWORD=123456 \
> bitnami/redis
57aec20a231bf85265036efd1374801ef0cbdbf5a28e5c25d2e4d4c92767b18b

小插曲，redis02启动报错。1:S 05 Jun 2024 04:59:18.559 # Can't open or create append-only dir appendonlydir: Permission denied

[root@root ~]# docker logs redis02
redis 04:59:18.42 INFO  ==> 
redis 04:59:18.42 INFO  ==> Welcome to the Bitnami redis container
redis 04:59:18.42 INFO  ==> Subscribe to project updates by watching https://github.com/bitnami/containers
redis 04:59:18.42 INFO  ==> Submit issues and feature requests at https://github.com/bitnami/containers/issues
redis 04:59:18.42 INFO  ==> Upgrade to Tanzu Application Catalog for production environments to access custom-configured and pre-packaged software components. Gain enhanced features, including Software Bill of Materials (SBOM), CVE scan result reports, and VEX documents. To learn more, visit https://bitnami.com/enterprise
redis 04:59:18.42 INFO  ==> 
redis 04:59:18.43 INFO  ==> ** Starting Redis setup **
redis 04:59:18.44 INFO  ==> Initializing Redis
redis 04:59:18.45 INFO  ==> Setting Redis config file
redis 04:59:18.47 INFO  ==> Configuring replication moderedis 04:59:18.53 INFO  ==> ** Redis setup finished! **
redis 04:59:18.54 INFO  ==> ** Starting Redis **
1:C 05 Jun 2024 04:59:18.558 # WARNING Memory overcommit must be enabled! Without it, a background save or replication may fail under low memory condition. Being disabled, it can also cause failures without low memory condition, see https://github.com/jemalloc/jemalloc/issues/1328. To fix this issue add 'vm.overcommit_memory = 1' to /etc/sysctl.conf and then reboot or run the command 'sysctl vm.overcommit_memory=1' for this to take effect.
1:C 05 Jun 2024 04:59:18.558 * oO0OoO0OoO0Oo Redis is starting oO0OoO0OoO0Oo
1:C 05 Jun 2024 04:59:18.558 * Redis version=7.2.5, bits=64, commit=00000000, modified=0, pid=1, just started
1:C 05 Jun 2024 04:59:18.558 * Configuration loaded
1:S 05 Jun 2024 04:59:18.558 * monotonic clock: POSIX clock_gettime
1:S 05 Jun 2024 04:59:18.559 * Running mode=standalone, port=6379.
1:S 05 Jun 2024 04:59:18.559 # WARNING: The TCP backlog setting of 511 cannot be enforced because /proc/sys/net/core/somaxconn is set to the lower value of 128.
1:S 05 Jun 2024 04:59:18.559 * Server initialized
1:S 05 Jun 2024 04:59:18.559 # Can't open or create append-only dir appendonlydir: Permission denied

修改文件夹的权限

[root@root app]# ll
总用量 12
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 6月   5 09:23 nghtml
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 6月   5 12:51 rd1
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 6月   5 12:59 rd2
[root@root app]# ^C
[root@root app]# ^C
[root@root app]# chmod 777 rd2
[root@root app]# ll
总用量 12
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 6月   5 09:23 nghtml
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 6月   5 12:51 rd1
drwxrwxrwx 2 root root 4096 6月   5 12:59 rd2

重启redis02

[root@root app]# docker restart redis02
redis02
[root@root app]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE           COMMAND                   CREATED          STATUS          PORTS                                       NAMES
57aec20a231b   bitnami/redis   "/opt/bitnami/script…"   7 minutes ago    Up 3 seconds    0.0.0.0:6380->6379/tcp, :::6380->6379/tcp   redis02
da79f3d15645   bitnami/redis   "/opt/bitnami/script…"   15 minutes ago   Up 15 minutes   0.0.0.0:6379->6379/tcp, :::6379->6379/tcp   redis01
[root@root app]#