【第34章】Spring Cloud之SkyWalking分布式日志

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前言

前面已经完成了请求的链路追踪，这里我们通过SkyWalking来处理分布式日志；

场景描述：我们有三个服务消费者，提供者和用户服务，三个服务都有自己的日志文件，但是我一个请求会贯穿三个服务，不能说我一个服务的日志文件挨个去找，这太麻烦了，如果有更多的服务呢，这时候代价会更大；

SkyWalking为我们解决了这个问题，每当请求进来的时候会生成一个追踪ID(TID)

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一、准备

1. 引入依赖

我们首先引入skywalking整合logback的工具包

<!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.apache.skywalking/apm-toolkit-logback-1.x -->
<dependency><groupId>org.apache.skywalking</groupId><artifactId>apm-toolkit-logback-1.x</artifactId><version>9.3.0</version>
</dependency>    

二、日志配置

以下内容基于logback-spring.xml日志配置文件

1. 打印追踪ID

<property name="CONSOLE_PATTERN" value="${CONSOLE_LOG_PATTERN:-%clr(%d{${LOG_DATEFORMAT_PATTERN:-yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss.SSS}}){faint} %clr([%tid]) %clr(${LOG_LEVEL_PATTERN:-%5p}) %clr(${PID:- }){magenta} %clr(%applicationName[%15.15t]){faint} %clr(${LOG_CORRELATION_PATTERN:-}){faint}%clr(%-40.40logger{39}:%L) %clr(:){faint} %m%n${LOG_EXCEPTION_CONVERSION_WORD:-%wEx}}"/><appender name="CONSOLE" class="ch.qos.logback.core.ConsoleAppender"><filter class="ch.qos.logback.classic.filter.ThresholdFilter"><level>${CONSOLE_LOG_THRESHOLD}</level></filter><encoder class="ch.qos.logback.core.encoder.LayoutWrappingEncoder"><layout class="org.apache.skywalking.apm.toolkit.log.logback.v1.x.TraceIdPatternLogbackLayout"><Pattern>${CONSOLE_PATTERN}</Pattern><charset>${CONSOLE_LOG_CHARSET}</charset></layout></encoder>
</appender><root level="DEBUG"><appender-ref ref="CONSOLE"/>
</root>

主要是[%tid]

2. gRPC 导出

<appender name="GRPC-LOG" class="org.apache.skywalking.apm.toolkit.log.logback.v1.x.log.GRPCLogClientAppender"><encoder class="ch.qos.logback.core.encoder.LayoutWrappingEncoder"><layout class="org.apache.skywalking.apm.toolkit.log.logback.v1.x.mdc.TraceIdMDCPatternLogbackLayout"><Pattern>%d{yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss.SSS} [%X{tid}] [%applicationName[%15.15t]] [%thread] %-5level %logger{36} -%msg%n</Pattern></layout></encoder>
</appender><root level="DEBUG"><appender-ref ref="GRPC-LOG"/>
</root>

三、完整日志配置

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<configuration><!-- 引入Spring Boot的默认logback配置 --><property name="CONSOLE_PATTERN" value="${CONSOLE_LOG_PATTERN:-%clr(%d{${LOG_DATEFORMAT_PATTERN:-yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss.SSS}}){faint} %clr([%tid]) %clr(${LOG_LEVEL_PATTERN:-%5p}) %clr(${PID:- }){magenta} %clr(%applicationName[%15.15t]){faint} %clr(${LOG_CORRELATION_PATTERN:-}){faint}%clr(%-40.40logger{39}:%L) %clr(:){faint} %m%n${LOG_EXCEPTION_CONVERSION_WORD:-%wEx}}"/><property name="FILE_PATTERN" value="${FILE_LOG_PATTERN:-%d{${LOG_DATEFORMAT_PATTERN:-yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss.SSS}} ${LOG_LEVEL_PATTERN:-%5p} ${PID:- } %applicationName[%t] ${LOG_CORRELATION_PATTERN:-}%-40.40logger{39}:%L : %m%n${LOG_EXCEPTION_CONVERSION_WORD:-%wEx}}"/><include resource="org/springframework/boot/logging/logback/defaults.xml"/><!-- 自定义控制台输出模板 --><property name="LOG_HOME" value="../logs/consumer/"/><property name="LOG_FILE" value="consumer"/><property name="LOGBACK_ROLLINGPOLICY_CLEAN_HISTORY_ON_START" value="false"/><property name="LOGBACK_ROLLINGPOLICY_MAX_FILE_SIZE" value="10MB"/><property name="LOGBACK_ROLLINGPOLICY_TOTAL_SIZE_CAP" value="0"/><property name="LOGBACK_ROLLINGPOLICY_MAX_HISTORY" value="7"/><appender name="GRPC-LOG" class="org.apache.skywalking.apm.toolkit.log.logback.v1.x.log.GRPCLogClientAppender"><encoder class="ch.qos.logback.core.encoder.LayoutWrappingEncoder"><layout class="org.apache.skywalking.apm.toolkit.log.logback.v1.x.mdc.TraceIdMDCPatternLogbackLayout"><Pattern>%d{yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss.SSS} [%X{tid}] [%applicationName[%15.15t]] [%thread] %-5level %logger{36} -%msg%n</Pattern></layout></encoder></appender><appender name="CONSOLE" class="ch.qos.logback.core.ConsoleAppender"><filter class="ch.qos.logback.classic.filter.ThresholdFilter"><level>${CONSOLE_LOG_THRESHOLD}</level></filter><encoder class="ch.qos.logback.core.encoder.LayoutWrappingEncoder"><layout class="org.apache.skywalking.apm.toolkit.log.logback.v1.x.TraceIdPatternLogbackLayout"><Pattern>${CONSOLE_PATTERN}</Pattern><charset>${CONSOLE_LOG_CHARSET}</charset></layout></encoder></appender><appender name="DEBUG_FILE" class="ch.qos.logback.core.rolling.RollingFileAppender"><filter class="ch.qos.logback.classic.filter.ThresholdFilter"><level>DEBUG</level></filter><encoder><pattern>${FILE_PATTERN}</pattern><charset>${FILE_LOG_CHARSET}</charset></encoder><file>${LOG_HOME}${LOG_FILE}_debug.log</file><!--大小和时间基于滚动策略--><rollingPolicy class="ch.qos.logback.core.rolling.SizeAndTimeBasedRollingPolicy"><fileNamePattern>${LOG_HOME}${LOG_FILE}_debug.%d{yyyy-MM-dd}.%i.gz</fileNamePattern><cleanHistoryOnStart>${LOGBACK_ROLLINGPOLICY_CLEAN_HISTORY_ON_START:-false}</cleanHistoryOnStart><maxFileSize>${LOGBACK_ROLLINGPOLICY_MAX_FILE_SIZE:-10MB}</maxFileSize><totalSizeCap>${LOGBACK_ROLLINGPOLICY_TOTAL_SIZE_CAP:-0}</totalSizeCap><maxHistory>${LOGBACK_ROLLINGPOLICY_MAX_HISTORY:-7}</maxHistory></rollingPolicy></appender><appender name="INFO_FILE" class="ch.qos.logback.core.rolling.RollingFileAppender"><filter class="ch.qos.logback.classic.filter.ThresholdFilter"><level>INFO</level></filter><encoder><pattern>${FILE_PATTERN}</pattern><charset>${FILE_LOG_CHARSET}</charset></encoder><file>${LOG_HOME}${LOG_FILE}_info.log</file><!--大小和时间基于滚动策略--><rollingPolicy class="ch.qos.logback.core.rolling.SizeAndTimeBasedRollingPolicy"><fileNamePattern>${LOG_HOME}${LOG_FILE}_info.%d{yyyy-MM-dd}.%i.gz</fileNamePattern><cleanHistoryOnStart>${LOGBACK_ROLLINGPOLICY_CLEAN_HISTORY_ON_START:-false}</cleanHistoryOnStart><maxFileSize>${LOGBACK_ROLLINGPOLICY_MAX_FILE_SIZE:-10MB}</maxFileSize><totalSizeCap>${LOGBACK_ROLLINGPOLICY_TOTAL_SIZE_CAP:-0}</totalSizeCap><maxHistory>${LOGBACK_ROLLINGPOLICY_MAX_HISTORY:-7}</maxHistory></rollingPolicy></appender><appender name="ERROR_FILE" class="ch.qos.logback.core.rolling.RollingFileAppender"><filter class="ch.qos.logback.classic.filter.ThresholdFilter"><level>ERROR</level></filter><encoder><pattern>${FILE_PATTERN}</pattern><charset>${FILE_LOG_CHARSET}</charset></encoder><file>${LOG_HOME}${LOG_FILE}_error.log</file><!--大小和时间基于滚动策略--><rollingPolicy class="ch.qos.logback.core.rolling.SizeAndTimeBasedRollingPolicy"><fileNamePattern>${LOG_HOME}${LOG_FILE}_error.%d{yyyy-MM-dd}.%i.gz</fileNamePattern><cleanHistoryOnStart>${LOGBACK_ROLLINGPOLICY_CLEAN_HISTORY_ON_START:-false}</cleanHistoryOnStart><maxFileSize>${LOGBACK_ROLLINGPOLICY_MAX_FILE_SIZE:-10MB}</maxFileSize><totalSizeCap>${LOGBACK_ROLLINGPOLICY_TOTAL_SIZE_CAP:-0}</totalSizeCap><maxHistory>${LOGBACK_ROLLINGPOLICY_MAX_HISTORY:-7}</maxHistory></rollingPolicy></appender><!-- 设置特定包的日志级别 --><logger name="org.springframework" level="INFO"/><logger name="org.hibernate" level="INFO"/><logger name="com.alibaba" level="INFO"/><logger name="io.netty" level="INFO"/><logger name="reactor.netty" level="INFO"/><logger name="com.github.xiaoymin.knife4j.spring.gateway.discover" level="INFO"/><logger name="de.codecentric.boot.admin" level="INFO"/><!-- Root Logger --><root level="DEBUG"><appender-ref ref="GRPC-LOG"/><appender-ref ref="CONSOLE"/><appender-ref ref="DEBUG_FILE"/><appender-ref ref="INFO_FILE"/><appender-ref ref="ERROR_FILE"/></root>
</configuration>

四、日志展示

1. 前端

其他地方都有ALL,唯独服务这里是个单选，我们需要根据追踪ID一个服务一个服务的找，如果能直接根据这个追踪ID去找就好了，不过这样也够用了，就是没那么直观。

2. 后端

2024-09-08 20:50:31.453 [TID:a7f970f0b12c411aa2b064304a353602.90.17257998314490001] DEBUG 9752 [consumer-service] [nio-9003-exec-3] o.e.n.c.controller.TestController       :38 : 消费者服务 RestTemplate
2024-09-08 20:50:31.458 [TID:a7f970f0b12c411aa2b064304a353602.90.17257998314490001] DEBUG 3348 [provider-service] [nio-9000-exec-8] o.e.n.p.controller.TestController       :26 : 提供者服务 RestTemplate
2024-09-08 20:50:31.463 [TID:a7f970f0b12c411aa2b064304a353602.90.17257998314490001] DEBUG 2888 [user-service] [nio-9007-exec-1] o.e.user.controller.UserController      :31 : 用户服务 admin

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总结

回到顶部

2024已过了大半，回望今年博客数量和质量突飞猛进，感觉学到了很多，也不算虚度吧。

2024-09-08记。