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【SH】Ubuntu Server 24服务器搭建MySQL数据库研发笔记

news 2026/3/25 17:59:53

文章目录

搭建服务器
在线安装
- - 1. 更新软件包列表
  - 2. 安装MySQL
  - 3. 检查MySQL状态
  - 4. 修改密码
  - 5. 新增用户
  - 6. 设置局域网访问
离线安装
- 下载安装包
常用命令
参考文档
在线安装日志

搭建服务器

作者羊大侠搭建的是 Ubuntu Server 24.04 LTS 服务器环境
搭建参考文档：【SH】VMware虚拟机安装Ubuntu Server 24系统研发笔记

在线安装

1. 更新软件包列表

sudo apt update 在进行任何软件安装之前，请确保你的系统的软件包列表是最新的。

2. 安装MySQL

查看可使用的安装包 sudo apt search mysql-sever，安装指定版本 sudo apt install mysql-server-8.0

可用安装包

# 安装最新版本
sudo apt install mysql-server
# 安装指定版本
sudo apt install mysql-server-8.0

sh@sheephero:~$ sudo apt install mysql-server-8.0
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree... Done
Reading state information... Done
The following additional packages will be installed:libcgi-fast-perl libcgi-pm-perl libclone-perl libencode-locale-perl libevent-pthreads-2.1-7t64 libfcgi-bin libfcgi-perl libfcgi0t64 libhtml-parser-perllibhtml-tagset-perl libhtml-template-perl libhttp-date-perl libhttp-message-perl libio-html-perl liblwp-mediatypes-perl libmecab2 libprotobuf-lite32t64libtimedate-perl liburi-perl mecab-ipadic mecab-ipadic-utf8 mecab-utils mysql-client-8.0 mysql-client-core-8.0 mysql-common mysql-server-core-8.0
Suggested packages:libdata-dump-perl libipc-sharedcache-perl libio-compress-brotli-perl libbusiness-isbn-perl libregexp-ipv6-perl libwww-perl mailx tinyca
The following NEW packages will be installed:libcgi-fast-perl libcgi-pm-perl libclone-perl libencode-locale-perl libevent-pthreads-2.1-7t64 libfcgi-bin libfcgi-perl libfcgi0t64 libhtml-parser-perllibhtml-tagset-perl libhtml-template-perl libhttp-date-perl libhttp-message-perl libio-html-perl liblwp-mediatypes-perl libmecab2 libprotobuf-lite32t64libtimedate-perl liburi-perl mecab-ipadic mecab-ipadic-utf8 mecab-utils mysql-client-8.0 mysql-client-core-8.0 mysql-common mysql-server-8.0mysql-server-core-8.0
0 upgraded, 27 newly installed, 0 to remove and 68 not upgraded.
Need to get 29.6 MB of archives.
After this operation, 242 MB of additional disk space will be used.
Do you want to continue? [Y/n] y

3. 检查MySQL状态

sudo systemctl status mysql 查看运行情况

# 安装完成后，MySQL服务会自动启动，未启动则使用以下命令启动MySQL服务
sudo systemctl start mysql
# 将MySQL设置为开机自启动
sudo systemctl enable mysql
# 检查MySQL状态
sudo systemctl status mysql
# mysql安装位置
sh@sheephero:~$ which mysql
/usr/bin/mysql

检查状态

4. 修改密码

默认安装是没有设置密码的，需要我们自己设置密码。

# 登录mysql，在默认安装时如果没有让我们设置密码，则直接回车就能登录成功。
sudo mysql -uroot -p
# 设置密码 mysql8.0
ALTER USER 'root'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED WITH mysql_native_password BY '新密码';
# 刷新缓存
FLUSH PRIVILEGES;

登录成功

5. 新增用户

# 创建新用户并设置密码：
CREATE USER '用户名'@'%' IDENTIFIED BY '密码';
# 授予用户权限：
GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON *.* TO '用户名'@'%' WITH GRANT OPTION; # 所有数据库的所有权限
# 或者（运行一句即可）
GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON `数据库名字`.* TO '用户名'@'%'; # 特定数据库
# 刷新权限：
FLUSH PRIVILEGES;

这里的WITH GRANT OPTION允许将其拥有的权限授予其他用户。

6. 设置局域网访问

修改配置文件/etc/mysql/mysql.conf.d/mysqld.cnf，将bind-address = 127.0.0.0修改为bind-address = 0.0.0.0，保存重启mysql服务sudo systemctl restart mysql

# 退出mysql
mysql> exit;
Bye
sh@sheephero:~$ cd /etc/mysql/mysql.conf.d/
sh@sheephero:/etc/mysql/mysql.conf.d$ ls
mysql.cnf  mysqld.cnf
sh@sheephero:/etc/mysql/mysql.conf.d$ sudo vim mysqld.cnf
sh@sheephero:/etc/mysql/mysql.conf.d$ sudo systemctl restart mysql
sh@sheephero:/etc/mysql/mysql.conf.d$

这样你就可以通过Windows平台常用的数据库管理工具查看安装在服务器上的MySQL数据库啦！🤡

局域网访问

离线安装

下载安装包

下载地址：https://dev.mysql.com/downloads/mysql/
作者选择的是：【DEB Package, MySQL Server】【mysql-community-server_8.4.3-1ubuntu24.04_amd64.deb】【65.8K】
安装包已进行资源绑定，可以自行下载。

官网下载界面

常用命令

命令	说明
sudo systemctl start mysql	启动服务
sudo systemctl enable mysql	开机启动
sudo systemctl status mysql	检查状态
sudo systemctl restart mysql	重启服务
sudo systemctl stop mysql	关闭服务
sudo mysql -u root -p	连接数据库
which mysql	查看安装位置

参考文档

【1】在Ubuntu 22.04 LTS 上安装 MySQL两种方式：在线方式和离线方式

在线安装日志

sh@sheephero:~$ sudo apt install mysql-server-8.0
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree... Done
Reading state information... Done
The following additional packages will be installed:libcgi-fast-perl libcgi-pm-perl libclone-perl libencode-locale-perl libevent-pthreads-2.1-7t64 libfcgi-bin libfcgi-perl libfcgi0t64 libhtml-parser-perllibhtml-tagset-perl libhtml-template-perl libhttp-date-perl libhttp-message-perl libio-html-perl liblwp-mediatypes-perl libmecab2 libprotobuf-lite32t64libtimedate-perl liburi-perl mecab-ipadic mecab-ipadic-utf8 mecab-utils mysql-client-8.0 mysql-client-core-8.0 mysql-common mysql-server-core-8.0
Suggested packages:libdata-dump-perl libipc-sharedcache-perl libio-compress-brotli-perl libbusiness-isbn-perl libregexp-ipv6-perl libwww-perl mailx tinyca
The following NEW packages will be installed:libcgi-fast-perl libcgi-pm-perl libclone-perl libencode-locale-perl libevent-pthreads-2.1-7t64 libfcgi-bin libfcgi-perl libfcgi0t64 libhtml-parser-perllibhtml-tagset-perl libhtml-template-perl libhttp-date-perl libhttp-message-perl libio-html-perl liblwp-mediatypes-perl libmecab2 libprotobuf-lite32t64libtimedate-perl liburi-perl mecab-ipadic mecab-ipadic-utf8 mecab-utils mysql-client-8.0 mysql-client-core-8.0 mysql-common mysql-server-8.0mysql-server-core-8.0
0 upgraded, 27 newly installed, 0 to remove and 68 not upgraded.
Need to get 29.6 MB of archives.
After this operation, 242 MB of additional disk space will be used.
Do you want to continue? [Y/n] y
Get:1 http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu noble/main amd64 mysql-common all 5.8+1.1.0build1 [6,746 B]
Get:2 http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu noble-updates/main amd64 mysql-client-core-8.0 amd64 8.0.40-0ubuntu0.24.04.1 [2,765 kB]
Get:3 http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu noble-updates/main amd64 mysql-client-8.0 amd64 8.0.40-0ubuntu0.24.04.1 [22.5 kB]
Get:4 http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu noble/main amd64 libevent-pthreads-2.1-7t64 amd64 2.1.12-stable-9ubuntu2 [7,982 B]
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Get:6 http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu noble/main amd64 libprotobuf-lite32t64 amd64 3.21.12-8.2build1 [238 kB]
Get:7 http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu noble-updates/main amd64 mysql-server-core-8.0 amd64 8.0.40-0ubuntu0.24.04.1 [17.5 MB]
Get:8 http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu noble-updates/main amd64 mysql-server-8.0 amd64 8.0.40-0ubuntu0.24.04.1 [1,432 kB]
Get:9 http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu noble/main amd64 libhtml-tagset-perl all 3.20-6 [11.3 kB]
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Get:11 http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu noble/main amd64 libhtml-parser-perl amd64 3.81-1build3 [85.8 kB]
Get:12 http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu noble/main amd64 libcgi-pm-perl all 4.63-1 [185 kB]
Get:13 http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu noble/main amd64 libfcgi0t64 amd64 2.4.2-2.1build1 [26.8 kB]
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Get:15 http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu noble/main amd64 libcgi-fast-perl all 1:2.17-1 [10.3 kB]
Get:16 http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu noble/main amd64 libclone-perl amd64 0.46-1build3 [10.7 kB]
Get:17 http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu noble/main amd64 libencode-locale-perl all 1.05-3 [11.6 kB]
Get:18 http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu noble/main amd64 libfcgi-bin amd64 2.4.2-2.1build1 [11.2 kB]
Get:19 http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu noble/main amd64 libhtml-template-perl all 2.97-2 [60.2 kB]
Get:20 http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu noble/main amd64 libtimedate-perl all 2.3300-2 [34.0 kB]
Get:21 http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu noble/main amd64 libhttp-date-perl all 6.06-1 [10.2 kB]
Get:22 http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu noble/main amd64 libio-html-perl all 1.004-3 [15.9 kB]
Get:23 http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu noble/main amd64 liblwp-mediatypes-perl all 6.04-2 [20.1 kB]
Get:24 http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu noble/main amd64 libhttp-message-perl all 6.45-1ubuntu1 [78.2 kB]
Get:25 http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu noble/main amd64 mecab-utils amd64 0.996-14ubuntu4 [4,804 B]
Get:26 http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu noble/main amd64 mecab-ipadic all 2.7.0-20070801+main-3 [6,718 kB]
Get:27 http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu noble/main amd64 mecab-ipadic-utf8 all 2.7.0-20070801+main-3 [4,384 B]
Fetched 29.6 MB in 3s (9,339 kB/s)
Preconfiguring packages ...
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update-alternatives: using /etc/mysql/my.cnf.fallback to provide /etc/mysql/my.cnf (my.cnf) in auto mode
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Setting up mysql-server-core-8.0 (8.0.40-0ubuntu0.24.04.1) ...
Setting up libtimedate-perl (2.3300-2) ...
Setting up mysql-client-8.0 (8.0.40-0ubuntu0.24.04.1) ...
Setting up libfcgi-perl (0.82+ds-3build2) ...
Setting up liburi-perl (5.27-1) ...
Setting up mysql-server-8.0 (8.0.40-0ubuntu0.24.04.1) ...
update-alternatives: using /etc/mysql/mysql.cnf to provide /etc/mysql/my.cnf (my.cnf) in auto mode
Renaming removed key_buffer and myisam-recover options (if present)
mysqld will log errors to /var/log/mysql/error.log
mysqld is running as pid 79557
Created symlink /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/mysql.service → /usr/lib/systemd/system/mysql.service.
Setting up libhttp-date-perl (6.06-1) ...
Setting up mecab-ipadic (2.7.0-20070801+main-3) ...
Compiling IPA dictionary for Mecab.  This takes long time...
reading /usr/share/mecab/dic/ipadic/unk.def ... 40
emitting double-array: 100% |###########################################|
/usr/share/mecab/dic/ipadic/model.def is not found. skipped.
reading /usr/share/mecab/dic/ipadic/Interjection.csv ... 252
reading /usr/share/mecab/dic/ipadic/Noun.org.csv ... 16668
reading /usr/share/mecab/dic/ipadic/Postp-col.csv ... 91
reading /usr/share/mecab/dic/ipadic/Adnominal.csv ... 135
reading /usr/share/mecab/dic/ipadic/Noun.demonst.csv ... 120
reading /usr/share/mecab/dic/ipadic/Noun.adjv.csv ... 3328
reading /usr/share/mecab/dic/ipadic/Noun.csv ... 60477
reading /usr/share/mecab/dic/ipadic/Suffix.csv ... 1393
reading /usr/share/mecab/dic/ipadic/Filler.csv ... 19
reading /usr/share/mecab/dic/ipadic/Noun.proper.csv ... 27328
reading /usr/share/mecab/dic/ipadic/Postp.csv ... 146
reading /usr/share/mecab/dic/ipadic/Adj.csv ... 27210
reading /usr/share/mecab/dic/ipadic/Adverb.csv ... 3032
reading /usr/share/mecab/dic/ipadic/Verb.csv ... 130750
reading /usr/share/mecab/dic/ipadic/Auxil.csv ... 199
reading /usr/share/mecab/dic/ipadic/Noun.adverbal.csv ... 795
reading /usr/share/mecab/dic/ipadic/Noun.nai.csv ... 42
reading /usr/share/mecab/dic/ipadic/Prefix.csv ... 221
reading /usr/share/mecab/dic/ipadic/Conjunction.csv ... 171
reading /usr/share/mecab/dic/ipadic/Others.csv ... 2
reading /usr/share/mecab/dic/ipadic/Noun.name.csv ... 34202
reading /usr/share/mecab/dic/ipadic/Noun.verbal.csv ... 12146
reading /usr/share/mecab/dic/ipadic/Noun.others.csv ... 151
reading /usr/share/mecab/dic/ipadic/Noun.number.csv ... 42
reading /usr/share/mecab/dic/ipadic/Symbol.csv ... 208
reading /usr/share/mecab/dic/ipadic/Noun.place.csv ... 72999
emitting double-array: 100% |###########################################|
reading /usr/share/mecab/dic/ipadic/matrix.def ... 1316x1316
emitting matrix      : 100% |###########################################|done!
update-alternatives: using /var/lib/mecab/dic/ipadic to provide /var/lib/mecab/dic/debian (mecab-dictionary) in auto mode
Setting up mecab-ipadic-utf8 (2.7.0-20070801+main-3) ...
Compiling IPA dictionary for Mecab.  This takes long time...
reading /usr/share/mecab/dic/ipadic/unk.def ... 40
emitting double-array: 100% |###########################################|
/usr/share/mecab/dic/ipadic/model.def is not found. skipped.
reading /usr/share/mecab/dic/ipadic/Interjection.csv ... 252
reading /usr/share/mecab/dic/ipadic/Noun.org.csv ... 16668
reading /usr/share/mecab/dic/ipadic/Postp-col.csv ... 91
reading /usr/share/mecab/dic/ipadic/Adnominal.csv ... 135
reading /usr/share/mecab/dic/ipadic/Noun.demonst.csv ... 120
reading /usr/share/mecab/dic/ipadic/Noun.adjv.csv ... 3328
reading /usr/share/mecab/dic/ipadic/Noun.csv ... 60477
reading /usr/share/mecab/dic/ipadic/Suffix.csv ... 1393
reading /usr/share/mecab/dic/ipadic/Filler.csv ... 19
reading /usr/share/mecab/dic/ipadic/Noun.proper.csv ... 27328
reading /usr/share/mecab/dic/ipadic/Postp.csv ... 146
reading /usr/share/mecab/dic/ipadic/Adj.csv ... 27210
reading /usr/share/mecab/dic/ipadic/Adverb.csv ... 3032
reading /usr/share/mecab/dic/ipadic/Verb.csv ... 130750
reading /usr/share/mecab/dic/ipadic/Auxil.csv ... 199
reading /usr/share/mecab/dic/ipadic/Noun.adverbal.csv ... 795
reading /usr/share/mecab/dic/ipadic/Noun.nai.csv ... 42
reading /usr/share/mecab/dic/ipadic/Prefix.csv ... 221
reading /usr/share/mecab/dic/ipadic/Conjunction.csv ... 171
reading /usr/share/mecab/dic/ipadic/Others.csv ... 2
reading /usr/share/mecab/dic/ipadic/Noun.name.csv ... 34202
reading /usr/share/mecab/dic/ipadic/Noun.verbal.csv ... 12146
reading /usr/share/mecab/dic/ipadic/Noun.others.csv ... 151
reading /usr/share/mecab/dic/ipadic/Noun.number.csv ... 42
reading /usr/share/mecab/dic/ipadic/Symbol.csv ... 208
reading /usr/share/mecab/dic/ipadic/Noun.place.csv ... 72999
emitting double-array: 100% |###########################################|
reading /usr/share/mecab/dic/ipadic/matrix.def ... 1316x1316
emitting matrix      : 100% |###########################################|done!
update-alternatives: using /var/lib/mecab/dic/ipadic-utf8 to provide /var/lib/mecab/dic/debian (mecab-dictionary) in auto mode
Setting up libhtml-parser-perl:amd64 (3.81-1build3) ...
Setting up libhttp-message-perl (6.45-1ubuntu1) ...
Setting up libcgi-pm-perl (4.63-1) ...
Setting up libhtml-template-perl (2.97-2) ...
Setting up libcgi-fast-perl (1:2.17-1) ...
Processing triggers for man-db (2.12.0-4build2) ...
Processing triggers for libc-bin (2.39-0ubuntu8.3) ...
Scanning processes...
Scanning linux images...Pending kernel upgrade!
Running kernel version:6.8.0-50-generic
Diagnostics:The currently running kernel version is not the expected kernel version 6.8.0-51-generic.Restarting the system to load the new kernel will not be handled automatically, so you should consider rebooting.No services need to be restarted.No containers need to be restarted.No user sessions are running outdated binaries.No VM guests are running outdated hypervisor (qemu) binaries on this host.

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