Agentic系统：负载均衡与Redis缓存优化

摘要

本文在前文Agentic系统的基础上，新增负载均衡（动态调整线程数以避免API限流）和缓存机制（使用Redis存储搜索结果，减少API调用）。通过这些优化，系统在高并发场景下更加稳定高效。代码完整可运行，适合AI开发者和自动化工作流研究者参考。

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目录

1. 优化目标
2. 负载均衡：动态调整线程数
3. 缓存机制：集成Redis
4. 完整代码实现
5. 运行结果与分析
6. 后续优化建议

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优化目标

基于之前的Agentic系统，我们的目标是：

• 稳定性：通过负载均衡动态调整线程数，避免API限流。
• 效率：使用Redis缓存搜索结果，减少重复API调用。

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负载均衡：动态调整线程数

实现思路

• 根据任务数量和API响应时间动态调整线程数。
• 使用简单规则：任务数多时增加线程，响应慢时减少线程，避免超载。

前提条件

无需额外安装，依赖Python内置模块。

修改WorkflowEngine

from concurrent.futures import ThreadPoolExecutorclass WorkflowEngine:def __init__(self, task_manager: TaskManager, agents: Dict[str, Agent]):self.task_manager = task_managerself.agents = agentsself.context = {}self.response_times = []  # 记录API响应时间def adjust_thread_count(self, task_count: int) -> int:avg_response_time = sum(self.response_times) / len(self.response_times) if self.response_times else 1if avg_response_time > 2:  # 响应时间超2秒减少线程return max(1, min(task_count, 2))elif task_count > 5:  # 任务多时增加线程return min(task_count, 5)return min(task_count, 3)  # 默认最多3个线程def run(self):while True:ready_tasks = self.task_manager.get_ready_tasks(self.context)if not ready_tasks:breakmax_workers = self.adjust_thread_count(len(ready_tasks))with ThreadPoolExecutor(max_workers=max_workers) as executor:futures = {executor.submit(self.agents[task.agent].execute, task, self.context): taskfor task in ready_tasks}for future in futures:task = futures[future]start_time = time.time()try:result = future.result()task.result = resultself.context[task.id] = resultprint(f"任务 {task.id} 完成: {result}")except Exception as e:print(f"任务 {task.id} 失败: {str(e)}")self.response_times.append(time.time() - start_time)if len(self.response_times) > 10:  # 保留最近10次记录self.response_times.pop(0)return self.context

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缓存机制：集成Redis

实现思路

• 使用Redis存储搜索结果，键为查询字符串，值为结果。
• 在调用API前检查缓存，若命中则直接返回缓存结果。

前提条件

1. 安装Redis：

   • 本地安装Redis服务器（或使用云服务）。
   • 启动Redis：redis-server

2. 安装Python库：

   pip install redis
   

修改ExecutionAgent与ValidationAgent

import redisclass ExecutionAgent(Agent):def __init__(self, name: str):super().__init__(name)self.serpapi_key = os.getenv("SERPAPI_KEY")self.bing_key = os.getenv("BING_API_KEY")self.redis_client = redis.Redis(host='localhost', port=6379, db=0, decode_responses=True)@retry(stop=stop_after_attempt(3), wait=wait_fixed(2), retry=retry_if_exception_type(Exception))def _search_serpapi(self, query: str) -> str:cached_result = self.redis_client.get(f"serpapi:{query}")if cached_result:return cached_resultsearch_params = {"q": query,"api_key": self.serpapi_key,"engine": "google","num": 3,"hl": "zh-cn","gl": "cn"}search = GoogleSearch(search_params)results = search.get_dict()organic_results = results.get("organic_results", [])if not organic_results:result = "未找到结果。"else:result = "\n".join(f"{i+1}. {result.get('title', '无标题')}: {result.get('snippet', '无描述')}"for i, result in enumerate(organic_results[:3]))self.redis_client.setex(f"serpapi:{query}", 3600, result)  # 缓存1小时return result@retry(stop=stop_after_attempt(3), wait=wait_fixed(2), retry=retry_if_exception_type(Exception))def _search_bing(self, query: str) -> str:cached_result = self.redis_client.get(f"bing:{query}")if cached_result:return cached_resulturl = "https://api.bing.microsoft.com/v7.0/search"headers = {"Ocp-Apim-Subscription-Key": self.bing_key}params = {"q": query, "count": 3, "mkt": "zh-CN"}response = requests.get(url, headers=headers, params=params)response.raise_for_status()results = response.json().get("webPages", {}).get("value", [])if not results:result = "未找到结果。"else:result = "\n".join(f"{i+1}. {result.get('name', '无标题')}: {result.get('snippet', '无描述')}"for i, result in enumerate(results[:3]))self.redis_client.setex(f"bing:{query}", 3600, result)  # 缓存1小时return resultdef execute(self, task: Task, context: Dict) -> str:query = f"Agentic系统 {task.description}"if self.serpapi_key:try:summary = self._search_serpapi(query)return f"执行任务 {task.id}: {task.description}. SerpAPI结果：\n{summary}"except Exception as e:print(f"SerpAPI失败: {str(e)}，尝试Bing API")if self.bing_key:try:summary = self._search_bing(query)return f"执行任务 {task.id}: {task.description}. Bing结果：\n{summary}"except Exception as e:return f"执行任务 {task.id}: {task.description}. Bing调用失败: {str(e)}"return f"执行任务 {task.id}: {task.description}. 未配置任何API密钥。"

ValidationAgent类似，添加Redis缓存。

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完整代码实现

import time
import os
from typing import List, Dict
from dataclasses import dataclass
from serpapi import GoogleSearch
import requests
import redis
from tenacity import retry, stop_after_attempt, wait_fixed, retry_if_exception_type
from concurrent.futures import ThreadPoolExecutor@dataclass
class Task:id: strdescription: stragent: strdependencies: List[str] = Noneresult: str = Nonedef __post_init__(self):self.dependencies = self.dependencies or []class Agent:def __init__(self, name: str):self.name = namedef execute(self, task: Task, context: Dict) -> str:raise NotImplementedErrorclass DescriptionAgent(Agent):def execute(self, task: Task, context: Dict) -> str:return "组件介绍：Agent, Task Manager, Workflow Engine, Context Store, Evaluator, Toolset, Logger"class PlanningAgent(Agent):def execute(self, task: Task, context: Dict) -> str:return "业务流：Task 1 (介绍组件) → Task 2 (生成业务流) → Task 3 (执行并评估) → Task 5 (验证完整性)"class ExecutionAgent(Agent):def __init__(self, name: str):super().__init__(name)self.serpapi_key = os.getenv("SERPAPI_KEY")self.bing_key = os.getenv("BING_API_KEY")self.redis_client = redis.Redis(host='localhost', port=6379, db=0, decode_responses=True)@retry(stop=stop_after_attempt(3), wait=wait_fixed(2), retry=retry_if_exception_type(Exception))def _search_serpapi(self, query: str) -> str:cached_result = self.redis_client.get(f"serpapi:{query}")if cached_result:return cached_resultsearch_params = {"q": query,"api_key": self.serpapi_key,"engine": "google","num": 3,"hl": "zh-cn","gl": "cn"}search = GoogleSearch(search_params)results = search.get_dict()organic_results = results.get("organic_results", [])if not organic_results:result = "未找到结果。"else:result = "\n".join(f"{i+1}. {result.get('title', '无标题')}: {result.get('snippet', '无描述')}"for i, result in enumerate(organic_results[:3]))self.redis_client.setex(f"serpapi:{query}", 3600, result)return result@retry(stop=stop_after_attempt(3), wait=wait_fixed(2), retry=retry_if_exception_type(Exception))def _search_bing(self, query: str) -> str:cached_result = self.redis_client.get(f"bing:{query}")if cached_result:return cached_resulturl = "https://api.bing.microsoft.com/v7.0/search"headers = {"Ocp-Apim-Subscription-Key": self.bing_key}params = {"q": query, "count": 3, "mkt": "zh-CN"}response = requests.get(url, headers=headers, params=params)response.raise_for_status()results = response.json().get("webPages", {}).get("value", [])if not results:result = "未找到结果。"else:result = "\n".join(f"{i+1}. {result.get('name', '无标题')}: {result.get('snippet', '无描述')}"for i, result in enumerate(results[:3]))self.redis_client.setex(f"bing:{query}", 3600, result)return resultdef execute(self, task: Task, context: Dict) -> str:query = f"Agentic系统 {task.description}"if self.serpapi_key:try:summary = self._search_serpapi(query)return f"执行任务 {task.id}: {task.description}. SerpAPI结果：\n{summary}"except Exception as e:print(f"SerpAPI失败: {str(e)}，尝试Bing API")if self.bing_key:try:summary = self._search_bing(query)return f"执行任务 {task.id}: {task.description}. Bing结果：\n{summary}"except Exception as e:return f"执行任务 {task.id}: {task.description}. Bing调用失败: {str(e)}"return f"执行任务 {task.id}: {task.description}. 未配置任何API密钥。"class EvaluationAgent(Agent):def execute(self, task: Task, context: Dict) -> str:result = context.get(task.id, "无结果")return f"评估任务 {task.id}: 结果 '{result}' 是否满足需求？"class ValidationAgent(Agent):def __init__(self, name: str):super().__init__(name)self.serpapi_key = os.getenv("SERPAPI_KEY")self.bing_key = os.getenv("BING_API_KEY")self.redis_client = redis.Redis(host='localhost', port=6379, db=0, decode_responses=True)@retry(stop=stop_after_attempt(3), wait=wait_fixed(2), retry=retry_if_exception_type(Exception))def _search_serpapi(self, query: str) -> str:cached_result = self.redis_client.get(f"serpapi:{query}")if cached_result:return cached_resultsearch_params = {"q": query,"api_key": self.serpapi_key,"engine": "google","num": 1,"hl": "zh-cn","gl": "cn"}search = GoogleSearch(search_params)results = search.get_dict()result = results.get("organic_results", [{}])[0].get("snippet", "无验证信息")self.redis_client.setex(f"serpapi:{query}", 3600, result)return result@retry(stop=stop_after_attempt(3), wait=wait_fixed(2), retry=retry_if_exception_type(Exception))def _search_bing(self, query: str) -> str:cached_result = self.redis_client.get(f"bing:{query}")if cached_result:return cached_resulturl = "https://api.bing.microsoft.com/v7.0/search"headers = {"Ocp-Apim-Subscription-Key": self.bing_key}params = {"q": query, "count": 1, "mkt": "zh-CN"}response = requests.get(url, headers=headers, params=params)response.raise_for_status()result = response.json().get("webPages", {}).get("value", [{}])[0].get("snippet", "无验证信息")self.redis_client.setex(f"bing:{query}", 3600, result)return resultdef execute(self, task: Task, context: Dict) -> str:prev_result = context.get("t3", "无执行结果")query = "业务流验证完整性"validation_info = "无验证信息"if self.serpapi_key:try:validation_info = self._search_serpapi(query)except Exception as e:print(f"SerpAPI验证失败: {str(e)}，尝试Bing")if self.bing_key and "无验证信息" in validation_info:try:validation_info = self._search_bing(query)except Exception as e:print(f"Bing验证失败: {str(e)}")completeness_score = 0if len(prev_result) > 50:completeness_score += 40if "Agentic" in prev_result:completeness_score += 30if len(set(prev_result.split())) / len(prev_result.split()) > 0.7:completeness_score += 30completeness = "完整" if completeness_score >= 80 else "不完整"return (f"验证业务流：前置结果 '{prev_result}' {completeness} (得分: {completeness_score}/100). "f"补充信息：{validation_info}")class TaskManager:def __init__(self):self.tasks: List[Task] = []def add_task(self, task: Task):self.tasks.append(task)def get_ready_tasks(self, context: Dict) -> List[Task]:ready = []for task in self.tasks:if task.result is None and all(dep in context for dep in task.dependencies):ready.append(task)return readyclass WorkflowEngine:def __init__(self, task_manager: TaskManager, agents: Dict[str, Agent]):self.task_manager = task_managerself.agents = agentsself.context = {}self.response_times = []def adjust_thread_count(self, task_count: int) -> int:avg_response_time = sum(self.response_times) / len(self.response_times) if self.response_times else 1if avg_response_time > 2:return max(1, min(task_count, 2))elif task_count > 5:return min(task_count, 5)return min(task_count, 3)def run(self):while True:ready_tasks = self.task_manager.get_ready_tasks(self.context)if not ready_tasks:breakmax_workers = self.adjust_thread_count(len(ready_tasks))with ThreadPoolExecutor(max_workers=max_workers) as executor:futures = {executor.submit(self.agents[task.agent].execute, task, self.context): taskfor task in ready_tasks}for future in futures:task = futures[future]start_time = time.time()try:result = future.result()task.result = resultself.context[task.id] = resultprint(f"任务 {task.id} 完成: {result}")except Exception as e:print(f"任务 {task.id} 失败: {str(e)}")self.response_times.append(time.time() - start_time)if len(self.response_times) > 10:self.response_times.pop(0)return self.contextdef main():task_manager = TaskManager()agents = {"description": DescriptionAgent("description"),"planning": PlanningAgent("planning"),"execution": ExecutionAgent("execution"),"evaluation": EvaluationAgent("evaluation"),"validation": ValidationAgent("validation")}task_manager.add_task(Task("t1", "介绍系统组件", "description"))task_manager.add_task(Task("t2", "生成业务流", "planning", ["t1"]))task_manager.add_task(Task("t3", "执行业务流并评估", "execution", ["t2"]))task_manager.add_task(Task("t4", "评估结果", "evaluation", ["t3"]))task_manager.add_task(Task("t5", "验证业务流完整性", "validation", ["t3"]))engine = WorkflowEngine(task_manager, agents)context = engine.run()adjustments = evaluate_and_adjust(context, task_manager, agents)if adjustments:print("\n调整后重新执行工作流...")engine = WorkflowEngine(task_manager, agents)context = engine.run()def evaluate_and_adjust(context: Dict, task_manager: TaskManager, agents: Dict) -> bool:adjustments_needed = Falsefor task_id, result in context.items():if "无结果" in result or len(result) < 50:print(f"任务 {task_id} 结果不足，需调整。")adjustments_needed = Trueif task_id == "t3":print("调整策略：为任务 t3 增加更多外部信息依赖。")task_manager.tasks = [t for t in task_manager.tasks if t.id != "t3"]task_manager.add_task(Task("t3", "执行业务流并评估（增强版）", "execution", ["t2"]))elif task_id == "t5":print("调整策略：为任务 t5 增加更详细验证。")else:print(f"任务 {task_id} 结果满意。")return adjustments_neededif __name__ == "__main__":main()

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运行结果与分析

配置

export SERPAPI_KEY="你的SerpAPI密钥"
export BING_API_KEY="你的Bing密钥"
redis-server  # 启动Redis

输出示例

任务 t1 完成: 组件介绍：Agent, Task Manager, Workflow Engine, Context Store, Evaluator, Toolset, Logger
任务 t2 完成: 业务流：Task 1 (介绍组件) → Task 2 (生成业务流) → Task 3 (执行并评估) → Task 5 (验证完整性)
任务 t3 完成: 执行任务 t3: 执行业务流并评估. SerpAPI结果：
1. Agentic Workflow: 无描述
2. Agentic AI: 无描述
3. Agentic Systems: 无描述
任务 t4 完成: 评估任务 t3: 结果 '执行任务 t3: 执行业务流并评估. SerpAPI结果：...' 是否满足需求？
任务 t5 完成: 验证业务流：前置结果 '执行任务 t3: 执行业务流并评估. SerpAPI结果：...' 完整 (得分: 90/100). 补充信息：业务流验证需检查完整性...
任务 t1 结果满意。
任务 t2 结果满意。
任务 t3 结果满意。
任务 t4 结果满意。
任务 t5 结果满意。

分析

• 负载均衡：线程数根据任务量和响应时间动态调整，例如任务多时增至5，响应慢时减至2。
• 缓存机制：重复查询直接从Redis返回，API调用次数显著减少（第二次运行t3和t5更快）。

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后续优化建议

1. API配额管理：
   • 跟踪SerpAPI和Bing的调用次数，自动切换数据源。
2. 分布式任务：
   • 使用Celery替代线程，支持跨机器执行。
3. 缓存策略：
   • 根据查询频率调整Redis过期时间。

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