尚硅谷大数据hadoop教程_mapReduce

p67 课程介绍

p68概述

p69 mapreduce核心思想

p70 wordcount源码 序列化类型

mapReduce三类进程

p71 编程规范

用户编写的程序分成三个部分：Mapper、Reducer和Driver。

P72 wordcount需求案例分析

p 73 -78 案例环境准备

（1）创建maven工程，MapReduceDemo
（2）在pom.xml文件中添加如下依赖

<dependencies><dependency><groupId>org.apache.hadoop</groupId><artifactId>hadoop-client</artifactId><version>3.1.3</version></dependency><dependency><groupId>junit</groupId><artifactId>junit</artifactId><version>4.12</version></dependency><dependency><groupId>org.slf4j</groupId><artifactId>slf4j-log4j12</artifactId><version>1.7.30</version></dependency>
</dependencies>

（2）在项目的src/main/resources目录下，新建一个文件，命名为“log4j.properties”，在文件中填入。

log4j.rootLogger=INFO, stdout  
log4j.appender.stdout=org.apache.log4j.ConsoleAppender  
log4j.appender.stdout.layout=org.apache.log4j.PatternLayout  
log4j.appender.stdout.layout.ConversionPattern=%d %p [%c] - %m%n  
log4j.appender.logfile=org.apache.log4j.FileAppender  
log4j.appender.logfile.File=target/spring.log  
log4j.appender.logfile.layout=org.apache.log4j.PatternLayout  
log4j.appender.logfile.layout.ConversionPattern=%d %p [%c] - %m%n

（3）创建包名：com.atguigu.mapreduce.wordcount
4）编写程序
（1）编写Mapper类

package com.atguigu.mapreduce.wordcount;
import java.io.IOException;
import org.apache.hadoop.io.IntWritable;
import org.apache.hadoop.io.LongWritable;
import org.apache.hadoop.io.Text;
import org.apache.hadoop.mapreduce.Mapper;public class WordCountMapper extends Mapper<LongWritable, Text, Text, IntWritable>{Text k = new Text();IntWritable v = new IntWritable(1);@Overrideprotected void map(LongWritable key, Text value, Context context)	throws IOException, InterruptedException {// 1 获取一行String line = value.toString();// 2 切割String[] words = line.split(" ");// 3 输出for (String word : words) {k.set(word);context.write(k, v);}}
}

（2）编写Reducer类

package com.atguigu.mapreduce.wordcount;
import java.io.IOException;
import org.apache.hadoop.io.IntWritable;
import org.apache.hadoop.io.Text;
import org.apache.hadoop.mapreduce.Reducer;public class WordCountReducer extends Reducer<Text, IntWritable, Text, IntWritable>{int sum;
IntWritable v = new IntWritable();@Overrideprotected void reduce(Text key, Iterable<IntWritable> values,Context context) throws IOException, InterruptedException {// 1 累加求和sum = 0;for (IntWritable count : values) {sum += count.get();}// 2 输出v.set(sum);context.write(key,v);}
}

（3）编写Driver驱动类

package com.atguigu.mapreduce.wordcount;
import java.io.IOException;
import org.apache.hadoop.conf.Configuration;
import org.apache.hadoop.fs.Path;
import org.apache.hadoop.io.IntWritable;
import org.apache.hadoop.io.Text;
import org.apache.hadoop.mapreduce.Job;
import org.apache.hadoop.mapreduce.lib.input.FileInputFormat;
import org.apache.hadoop.mapreduce.lib.output.FileOutputFormat;public class WordCountDriver {public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException, ClassNotFoundException, InterruptedException {// 1 获取配置信息以及获取job对象Configuration conf = new Configuration();Job job = Job.getInstance(conf);// 2 关联本Driver程序的jarjob.setJarByClass(WordCountDriver.class);// 3 关联Mapper和Reducer的jarjob.setMapperClass(WordCountMapper.class);job.setReducerClass(WordCountReducer.class);// 4 设置Mapper输出的kv类型job.setMapOutputKeyClass(Text.class);job.setMapOutputValueClass(IntWritable.class);// 5 设置最终输出kv类型job.setOutputKeyClass(Text.class);job.setOutputValueClass(IntWritable.class);// 6 设置输入和输出路径FileInputFormat.setInputPaths(job, new Path(args[0]));FileOutputFormat.setOutputPath(job, new Path(args[1]));// 7 提交jobboolean result = job.waitForCompletion(true);System.exit(result ? 0 : 1);}
}

本地测试

（1）需要首先配置好HADOOP_HOME变量以及Windows运行依赖
（2）在IDEA/Eclipse上运行程序

提交到集群测试

集群上测试
（1）用maven打jar包，需要添加的打包插件依赖

<build><plugins><plugin><artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId><version>3.6.1</version><configuration><source>1.8</source><target>1.8</target></configuration></plugin><plugin><artifactId>maven-assembly-plugin</artifactId><configuration><descriptorRefs><descriptorRef>jar-with-dependencies</descriptorRef></descriptorRefs></configuration><executions><execution><id>make-assembly</id><phase>package</phase><goals><goal>single</goal></goals></execution></executions></plugin></plugins>
</build>

（2）将程序打成jar包

（3）修改不带依赖的jar包名称为 wc.jar，并拷贝该jar包到Hadoop集群的 /opt/module/hadoop-3.1.3 路径。
（4）启动Hadoop集群
[atguigu@hadoop102 hadoop-3.1.3]sbin/start-dfs.sh
[atguigu@hadoop103 hadoop-3.1.3]$ sbin/start-yarn.sh
（5）执行WordCount程序
[atguigu@hadoop102 hadoop-3.1.3]$ hadoop jar wc.jar
com.atguigu.mapreduce.wordcount.WordCountDriver /user/atguigu/input /user/atguigu/output

p79-86 序列化案例

编写MapReduce程序

package com.atguigu.mapreduce.writable;import org.apache.hadoop.io.Writable;import java.io.DataInput;
import java.io.DataOutput;
import java.io.IOException;public class FlowBean implements Writable {private  long upFlow;private  long downFlow;private  long sumFlow;public FlowBean() {}public long getUpFlow() {return upFlow;}public void setUpFlow(long upFlow) {this.upFlow = upFlow;}public long getDownFlow() {return downFlow;}public void setDownFlow(long downFlow) {this.downFlow = downFlow;}public long getSumFlow() {return sumFlow;}public void setSumFlow() {sumFlow= upFlow+downFlow;}@Overridepublic void write(DataOutput out) throws IOException {out.writeLong(upFlow);out.writeLong(downFlow);out.writeLong(sumFlow);}@Overridepublic void readFields(DataInput in) throws IOException {upFlow = in.readLong();downFlow = in.readLong();sumFlow = in.readLong();}@Overridepublic String toString() {return upFlow + "\t" + downFlow + "\t" + sumFlow;}
}

package com.atguigu.mapreduce.writable;import com.sun.org.apache.bcel.internal.generic.NEW;
import org.apache.hadoop.io.LongWritable;
import org.apache.hadoop.io.Text;
import org.apache.hadoop.mapreduce.Mapper;import javax.sound.sampled.Line;
import java.io.IOException;public class FlowMapper extends Mapper<LongWritable, Text,Text,FlowBean> {FlowBean flowBean = new FlowBean();Text keyPhone = new Text();@Overrideprotected void map(LongWritable key, Text value, Context context) throws IOException, InterruptedException {String line = value.toString();String[] arr = line.split("\t");String phone=arr[1];String up=arr[arr.length-3];String down=arr[arr.length-2];keyPhone.set(phone);flowBean.setUpFlow(Long.parseLong(up));flowBean.setDownFlow(Long.parseLong(down));flowBean.setSumFlow();context.write(keyPhone,flowBean);}
}

package com.atguigu.mapreduce.writable;import org.apache.hadoop.io.Text;
import org.apache.hadoop.mapreduce.Reducer;import java.io.IOException;public class FlowReducer extends Reducer<Text,FlowBean,Text,FlowBean> {private FlowBean reduceFlowBean=new FlowBean();@Overrideprotected void reduce(Text key, Iterable<FlowBean> values, Context context) throws IOException, InterruptedException {long up=0;long down=0;for (FlowBean flowBean: values) {up+=flowBean.getUpFlow();down+=flowBean.getDownFlow();}reduceFlowBean.setUpFlow(up);reduceFlowBean.setDownFlow(down);reduceFlowBean.setSumFlow();context.write(key,reduceFlowBean);}
}

package com.atguigu.mapreduce.writable;import org.apache.hadoop.conf.Configuration;
import org.apache.hadoop.fs.Path;
import org.apache.hadoop.io.Text;
import org.apache.hadoop.mapreduce.Job;
import org.apache.hadoop.mapreduce.lib.input.FileInputFormat;
import org.apache.hadoop.mapreduce.lib.output.FileOutputFormat;import java.io.IOException;public class FlowDriver  {public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException, ClassNotFoundException, InterruptedException {Configuration config = new Configuration();Job job = Job.getInstance(config);job.setJarByClass(FlowDriver.class);job.setMapperClass(FlowMapper.class);job.setReducerClass(FlowReducer.class);job.setMapOutputKeyClass(Text.class);job.setMapOutputValueClass(FlowBean.class);job.setOutputKeyClass(Text.class);job.setOutputValueClass(FlowBean.class);FileInputFormat.setInputPaths(job,new Path("D:\\inputFlow"));FileOutputFormat.setOutputPath(job,new Path("D:\\outputFlow"));boolean completion = job.waitForCompletion(true);System.exit(completion?0:1);}
}

p87 88 切片机制与并行度决定机制

1）问题引出
MapTask的并行度决定Map阶段的任务处理并发度，进而影响到整个Job的处理速度。
思考：1G的数据，启动8个MapTask，可以提高集群的并发处理能力。那么1K的数据，也启动8个MapTask，会提高集群性能吗？MapTask并行任务是否越多越好呢？哪些因素影响了MapTask并行度？

2）MapTask并行度决定机制
数据块：Block是HDFS物理上把数据分成一块一块。数据块是HDFS存储数据单位。
数据切片：数据切片只是在逻辑上对输入进行分片，并不会在磁盘上将其切分成片进行存储。数据切片是MapReduce程序计算输入数据的单位，一个切片会对应启动一个MapTask。



生成临时目录 ,split文件和xml配置,如果是集群模式还要上传jar包

p89-91 切片源码

92 TextInputFormat

p92 93 CombineTextInputFormat切片机制

CombineTextInputFormat案例实操

p94 mapreduce工作流程

上面的流程是整个MapReduce最全工作流程，但是Shuffle过程只是从第7步开始到第16步结束，具体Shuffle过程详解，如下：
（1）MapTask收集我们的map()方法输出的kv对，放到内存缓冲区中
（2）从内存缓冲区不断溢出本地磁盘文件，可能会溢出多个文件
（3）多个溢出文件会被合并成大的溢出文件
（4）在溢出过程及合并的过程中，都要调用Partitioner进行分区和针对key进行排序
（5）ReduceTask根据自己的分区号，去各个MapTask机器上取相应的结果分区数据
（6）ReduceTask会抓取到同一个分区的来自不同MapTask的结果文件，ReduceTask会将这些文件再进行合并（归并排序）
（7）合并成大文件后，Shuffle的过程也就结束了，后面进入ReduceTask的逻辑运算过程（从文件中取出一个一个的键值对Group，调用用户自定义的reduce()方法）
注意：
（1）Shuffle中的缓冲区大小会影响到MapReduce程序的执行效率，原则上说，缓冲区越大，磁盘io的次数越少，执行速度就越快。
（2）缓冲区的大小可以通过参数调整，参数：mapreduce.task.io.sort.mb默认100M。

p95 shuffle工作机制