第八天 AI开发：NavMesh导航系统 对话系统：使用ScriptableObject存储对话数据 存档系统：JSON序列化保存数据

一、智能导航系统：NavMesh实战指南

1.1 导航网格基础配置

1. 在Unity编辑器中：

   • 选择场景中的静态物体
   • 勾选Navigation Static属性
   • 打开Window > AI > Navigation窗口

2. 烘焙参数设置：

   NavMeshBuildSettings settings = NavMesh.GetSettingsByID(0);
   settings.agentRadius = 0.5f;    // 代理半径
   settings.agentHeight = 2.0f;    // 代理高度
   settings.agentSlope = 45;       // 最大坡度
   NavMeshBuilder.BuildNavMeshAsync(settings);
   

1.2 NavMeshAgent组件控制

public class NPCMovement : MonoBehaviour
{public Transform target;private NavMeshAgent agent;void Start(){agent = GetComponent<NavMeshAgent>();agent.speed = 3.5f;       // 移动速度agent.angularSpeed = 360;  // 旋转速度agent.stoppingDistance = 1f; // 停止距离}void Update(){if(target != null){agent.SetDestination(target.position);// 到达目标后执行动作if(!agent.pathPending && agent.remainingDistance <= agent.stoppingDistance){OnReachDestination();}}}void OnReachDestination(){// 触发对话或执行其他逻辑}
}

1.3 动态障碍物处理

// 动态添加障碍物
NavMeshObstacle obstacle = gameObject.AddComponent<NavMeshObstacle>();
obstacle.shape = NavMeshObstacleShape.Capsule;
obstacle.carving = true;  // 实时更新导航网格
obstacle.size = new Vector3(1f, 2f, 1f);

---

二、对话系统：ScriptableObject高级应用

2.1 对话数据结构设计

[CreateAssetMenu(fileName = "New Dialogue", menuName = "Dialogue System/Dialogue")]
public class DialogueData : ScriptableObject
{[System.Serializable]public class DialogueNode{public string speakerName;[TextArea(3,5)] public string content;public DialogueOption[] options;}[System.Serializable]public class DialogueOption{public string optionText;public DialogueData nextDialogue;}public DialogueNode[] dialogueNodes;
}

2.2 对话管理器实现

public class DialogueManager : MonoBehaviour
{public static DialogueManager Instance;public Text speakerText;public Text contentText;public GameObject[] optionButtons;private DialogueData currentDialogue;private int currentNodeIndex;void Awake(){Instance = this;HideDialogue();}public void StartDialogue(DialogueData dialogue){currentDialogue = dialogue;currentNodeIndex = 0;ShowDialogue();DisplayNode(currentDialogue.dialogueNodes[currentNodeIndex]);}void DisplayNode(DialogueData.DialogueNode node){speakerText.text = node.speakerName;contentText.text = node.content;for(int i=0; i<optionButtons.Length; i++){if(i < node.options.Length){optionButtons[i].SetActive(true);optionButtons[i].GetComponentInChildren<Text>().text = node.options[i].optionText;}else{optionButtons[i].SetActive(false);}}}public void SelectOption(int optionIndex){DialogueData.DialogueOption selectedOption = currentDialogue.dialogueNodes[currentNodeIndex].options[optionIndex];if(selectedOption.nextDialogue != null){StartDialogue(selectedOption.nextDialogue);}else{HideDialogue();}}
}

---

三、游戏存档：JSON序列化实战

3.1 存档数据结构设计

[System.Serializable]
public class SaveData
{public Vector3 playerPosition;public Quaternion playerRotation;public string currentScene;public Dictionary<string, bool> completedQuests = new Dictionary<string, bool>();// JSON序列化辅助方法public string ToJson(){return JsonUtility.ToJson(this);}public void LoadFromJson(string json){JsonUtility.FromJsonOverwrite(json, this);}
}

3.2 存档管理器实现

public class SaveSystem : MonoBehaviour
{private static string SAVE_PATH => Path.Combine(Application.persistentDataPath, "save.sav");public static void SaveGame(){SaveData data = new SaveData();// 收集需要保存的数据GameObject player = GameObject.FindGameObjectWithTag("Player");data.playerPosition = player.transform.position;data.playerRotation = player.transform.rotation;data.currentScene = SceneManager.GetActiveScene().name;// 序列化并加密存储string json = data.ToJson();byte[] encryptedData = Encrypt(json);File.WriteAllBytes(SAVE_PATH, encryptedData);}public static bool LoadGame(){if(File.Exists(SAVE_PATH)){byte[] encryptedData = File.ReadAllBytes(SAVE_PATH);string json = Decrypt(encryptedData);SaveData data = new SaveData();data.LoadFromJson(json);// 应用加载的数据SceneManager.LoadScene(data.currentScene);GameObject player = GameObject.FindGameObjectWithTag("Player");player.transform.position = data.playerPosition;player.transform.rotation = data.playerRotation;return true;}return false;}private static byte[] Encrypt(string data){// 实现AES加密逻辑return Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(data);}private static string Decrypt(byte[] data){// 实现AES解密逻辑return Encoding.UTF8.GetString(data);}
}

---

四、综合实践：完整游戏系统搭建

4.1 第三人称角色控制升级版

public class AdvancedThirdPersonController : MonoBehaviour
{[Header("Movement")]public float moveSpeed = 5f;public float sprintMultiplier = 1.5f;public float jumpForce = 5f;[Header("Camera")]public CinemachineVirtualCamera followCamera;private CharacterController controller;private Vector3 moveDirection;private float verticalVelocity;void Start(){controller = GetComponent<CharacterController>();Cursor.lockState = CursorLockMode.Locked;}void Update(){HandleMovement();HandleCamera();}void HandleMovement(){float horizontal = Input.GetAxis("Horizontal");float vertical = Input.GetAxis("Vertical");bool isSprinting = Input.GetKey(KeyCode.LeftShift);Vector3 forward = followCamera.transform.forward;Vector3 right = followCamera.transform.right;forward.y = 0f;right.y = 0f;Vector3 move = forward.normalized * vertical + right.normalized * horizontal;float speed = isSprinting ? moveSpeed * sprintMultiplier : moveSpeed;if(controller.isGrounded){verticalVelocity = -0.5f;if(Input.GetButtonDown("Jump")){verticalVelocity = jumpForce;}}else{verticalVelocity += Physics.gravity.y * Time.deltaTime;}move.y = verticalVelocity;controller.Move(move * speed * Time.deltaTime);}void HandleCamera(){float mouseX = Input.GetAxis("Mouse X");float mouseY = Input.GetAxis("Mouse Y");transform.Rotate(Vector3.up * mouseX * 2f);followCamera.transform.RotateAround(transform.position, transform.right, -mouseY * 2f);}
}

4.2 系统集成示例

public class GameManager : MonoBehaviour
{public DialogueData startDialogue;public Transform npcDestination;void Start(){// 加载存档if(SaveSystem.LoadGame()){Debug.Log("存档加载成功");}else{// 新游戏初始化StartCoroutine(StartNewGame());}}IEnumerator StartNewGame(){yield return new WaitForSeconds(1f);DialogueManager.Instance.StartDialogue(startDialogue);// NPC开始移动NPCMovement npc = FindObjectOfType<NPCMovement>();npc.target = npcDestination;}void OnApplicationQuit(){SaveSystem.SaveGame();}
}

---

五、调试与优化技巧

5.1 NavMesh调试工具

void OnDrawGizmos()
{if(Application.isPlaying){NavMeshAgent agent = GetComponent<NavMeshAgent>();Gizmos.color = Color.red;Gizmos.DrawLine(transform.position, agent.destination);// 显示路径NavMeshPath path = agent.path;for(int i=0; i<path.corners.Length-1; i++){Gizmos.DrawLine(path.corners[i], path.corners[i+1]);}}
}

5.2 存档系统安全增强

1. 数据校验机制：

   public class SaveData
   {public string checksum;public void GenerateChecksum(){checksum = CalculateMD5(JsonUtility.ToJson(this));}public bool Validate(){string temp = checksum;checksum = "";string current = CalculateMD5(JsonUtility.ToJson(this));checksum = temp;return current == temp;}
   }
   

5.3 对话系统性能优化

1. 对象池技术实现：

   public class DialoguePool : MonoBehaviour
   {public GameObject optionPrefab;private Queue<GameObject> pool = new Queue<GameObject>();public GameObject GetOption(){if(pool.Count > 0){return pool.Dequeue();}return Instantiate(optionPrefab);}public void ReturnOption(GameObject option){option.SetActive(false);pool.Enqueue(option);}
   }
   

---

结语

通过本教程的学习，我们实现了从角色控制到AI行为、从交互系统到数据管理的完整开发流程。建议进行以下扩展练习：

1. 实现多语言对话系统
2. 添加NPC巡逻路径功能
3. 开发云存档系统
4. 制作任务进度追踪界面