业务到解决方案构想

解决方案构想的核心理解

解决方案构想是连接业务需求与技术实现的关键桥梁，从您描述的内容和我的理解，这个阶段的核心点包括：

核心要点解读

1. 转化视角：将业务视角的需求转变为解决方案视角

   • 业务能力探索阶段识别了"做什么"(What)
   • 解决方案构想阶段确定"怎么做"(How)

2. 利益相关者共识：确保各方(业务方、技术方、用户等)对解决方案有一致认可

   • 这解决了业务与技术之间常见的"断层"问题

3. 新工作方法的构想：描述系统实施后，业务流程将如何运作

   • 不仅是技术实现，也包括业务流程的重塑

4. 解决方案架构蓝图：初步勾勒系统的整体架构

   • 包括组件、交互、依赖等高级设计

解决方案构想的具体步骤

1. 接收业务环境输入：

   • 是的，这些是从第一阶段(业务能力探索)总结出的业务需求、流程和限制条件
   • 包括业务目标、流程图、能力用例等

2. 构想演练：

   • 通过研讨会或工作坊形式
   • 让技术人员和业务人员共同参与
   • 绘制新系统下的业务流程

3. 解决方案概念形成：

   • 产出可视化模型(如系统上下文图、组件图)
   • 描述用户旅程和系统交互
   • 定义技术约束和非功能性需求

4. 验证与调整：

   • 向利益相关者展示并获取反馈
   • 评估解决方案与业务目标的匹配度
   • 必要时进行调整

具体例子说明

假设一个电子商务公司想改进库存管理系统：

1. **第一阶段(业务能力探索)**输出：

   • 业务目标：减少库存成本，提高订单处理速度
   • 关键流程：接收订单→检查库存→更新库存→发货
   • 痛点：库存不准确，手动处理慢

2. 第二阶段(解决方案构想)：

   • 构想：自动化库存管理系统，与订单系统实时集成
   • 新工作流程：订单自动触发库存检查→智能预警→自动补货建议
   • 系统架构：订单微服务、库存微服务、预测引擎、仪表板
   • 非功能需求：99.9%可用性，毫秒级响应

3. 第三阶段才会进入具体的类设计、API设计等细节

解决抽象性的建议

解决方案构想之所以感觉抽象，是因为它处于业务和技术的交界处，既不是纯业务分析，也不是具体技术设计。可以通过以下方式使其更具体：

1. 使用可视化工具(如系统上下文图、组件图)
2. 创建用户旅程地图，展示新系统下用户如何完成任务
3. 开发原型或模拟界面，展示核心功能
4. 编写具体场景，描述新系统如何处理特定业务案例

解决方案构想的价值在于它确保了我们不会直接从业务需求跳到代码实现，而是先有一个清晰的蓝图和共识，避免开发出不符合业务期望的系统。

Examples of Business-to-Solution Transformation

Let me provide several concrete examples of how businesses move from identifying problems to constructing solutions through the “solution envisioning” phase.

Example 1: Retail Inventory Management

Business Capability Exploration:

• Current Process: Store managers manually count inventory weekly and place orders
• Pain Points: Stock-outs occur between counts; excess inventory ties up capital
• Business Goals: Reduce stock-outs by 40%, reduce excess inventory by 25%

Solution Envisioning:

1. Conceptual Solution: Real-time inventory tracking system with predictive ordering

2. New Work Methods:

   • Electronic point-of-sale data automatically updates inventory
   • AI analyzes sales patterns and predicts future demand
   • Managers review and approve system-generated orders
   • Suppliers receive automated restock requests

3. Solution Architecture:

   • Central inventory database connected to POS systems
   • Prediction engine using machine learning
   • Supplier integration portal
   • Mobile app for managers to approve orders

4. Stakeholder Benefits:

   • Store Managers: Less time counting, more focus on customer service
   • Finance: Less capital tied up in inventory
   • Operations: Fewer emergency shipments
   • Customers: Better product availability

Software Capability Design:

The technical team would then design the specific components, APIs, database schema, etc.

Example 2: Healthcare Patient Scheduling

Business Capability Exploration:

• Current Process: Patients call to schedule appointments; staff manually manages schedule
• Pain Points: 30% no-show rate, long wait times for appointments, staff spends 40% of time on phone
• Business Goals: Reduce no-shows, decrease scheduling staff workload, improve patient satisfaction

Solution Envisioning:

1. Conceptual Solution: Multi-channel scheduling system with automated reminders

2. New Work Methods:

   • Patients book appointments online, via app, or through chatbot
   • System automatically sends reminders with confirmation requirement
   • Waitlist feature fills canceled slots automatically
   • Staff focuses on exceptions and complex scheduling

3. Solution Architecture:

   • Central scheduling engine with provider availability rules
   • Patient portal with authentication
   • Notification system (SMS, email, push)
   • Integration with EMR (Electronic Medical Records)
   • Analytics dashboard for staff

4. Stakeholder Alignment:

   • Physicians: Fewer gaps in schedule, better prepared patients
   • Admin Staff: Less routine calls, more value-added work
   • Patients: Convenient booking, shorter wait times
   • Management: Higher resource utilization

Example 3: Manufacturing Quality Control

Business Capability Exploration:

• Current Process: Random sampling and manual inspection of products
• Pain Points: 3% defect rate reaching customers, high rework costs, slow feedback loop
• Business Goals: Reduce customer-facing defects to <1%, reduce QC labor costs by 20%

Solution Envisioning:

1. Conceptual Solution: Vision-based AI quality inspection system

2. New Work Methods:

   • Cameras capture images of each product on the line
   • AI system identifies defects in real-time
   • Defective items automatically routed for rework
   • QC specialists focus on edge cases and system training
   • Engineers receive defect pattern reports to address root causes

3. Solution Architecture:

   • Camera array integration with production line
   • Edge computing for real-time processing
   • Deep learning models for defect detection
   • Feedback loop to production systems
   • Knowledge management for continual improvement

4. Validation Approach:

   • Parallel run with manual inspection before full implementation
   • Weekly review of false positives/negatives
   • Progressive expansion from simple to complex products

Example 4: Financial Services Loan Application

Business Capability Exploration:

• Current Process: Paper-based loan applications, manual underwriting, 7-day approval cycle
• Pain Points: Slow process, document errors, inconsistent risk assessment
• Business Goals: Reduce approval time to 24 hours, improve risk assessment accuracy

Solution Envisioning:

1. Conceptual Solution: Digital loan origination platform with automated underwriting

2. New Work Methods:

   • Customers complete applications online with guided assistance
   • System automatically verifies identity and retrieves credit reports
   • Machine learning model performs initial risk assessment
   • Underwriters review only exceptions or high-value loans
   • Digital signatures and automated disbursement

3. Solution Architecture:

   • Secure customer portal with document upload
   • Integration with credit bureaus and banking systems
   • Rules engine for basic qualification
   • Risk scoring model using customer data
   • Document management system with compliance controls
   • Workflow system for manual reviews

4. Business Impact Metrics:

   • Application completion rate: target 85% vs current 60%
   • Processing time: target 4 hours vs current 3 days
   • Staff productivity: target 3× increase in applications processed

Key Takeaways for Solution Envisioning

In all these examples, notice how the solution envisioning phase:

1. Bridges the gap between business problems and technical solutions
2. Describes the future state in terms business stakeholders understand
3. Considers the entire ecosystem, not just software components
4. Focuses on new work methods, not just technology
5. Aligns stakeholders before technical design begins
6. Creates measurable expectations for solution success

The solution envisioning phase creates a shared mental model that both business and technical teams can understand, ensuring the eventual software design truly addresses the business needs.

那么，解决方案构想是针对业务问题。 是需要我们花时间 ，想出好方法的。在这个过程中，应该不会涉及设计模式把。设计模式是后面detail code desgin时候，去想的，对吗

解决方案构想与设计模式的关系

您的理解基本正确。解决方案构想阶段主要关注业务问题的整体解决方案，而不是具体的代码实现细节。但我想稍微补充和澄清一些点：

解决方案构想阶段的关注点

1. 业务视角的系统轮廓：定义系统将如何解决业务问题
2. 高层架构决策：系统的主要组件和它们之间的关系
3. 技术策略：选择技术栈、集成策略、部署模型等
4. 用户体验流程：系统如何支持新的工作方式

设计模式在不同阶段的应用

您观察得很准确，具体的设计模式通常是在详细设计阶段应用，但实际上设计模式可能在不同层次上出现：

解决方案构想阶段 - 架构模式

• 不会涉及具体的代码级设计模式（如工厂模式、观察者模式等）
• 可能会考虑架构级模式，例如：
  • 微服务架构 vs 单体架构
  • 事件驱动架构 vs 请求-响应架构
  • CQRS (命令查询职责分离)
  • 分层架构

软件能力设计阶段

• 详细的代码级设计模式（GoF 设计模式）
• 类结构、继承关系
• 接口定义
• 具体实现策略

从您的代码看实际应用

从您共享的 CMakeLists.txt 文件来看，您的项目已经进入到实现阶段，包含了具体的构建指令和库链接。在之前的解决方案构想阶段，您可能已经做了这些决策：

1. 将功能模块化为多个章节库（Chapter01Lib, Chapter02Lib 等）
2. 决定使用动态链接库（DLL）而非静态链接
3. 确定了各模块间的依赖关系

这些是解决方案构想的一部分，而具体每个库内部如何实现（使用什么设计模式）则属于软件能力设计阶段。

总结

1. 解决方案构想：处理"我们要构建什么样的系统"和"系统如何工作"的大局问题

   • 关注业务成果
   • 定义高层架构
   • 通常不涉及具体设计模式

2. 软件能力设计：处理"如何编写代码来实现这个系统"的细节问题

   • 应用设计模式解决特定问题
   • 定义类、接口和组件
   • 确定具体的数据结构和算法

解决方案构想是为了确保我们构建的是正确的系统（building the right system），而设计模式则帮助我们正确地构建系统（building the system right）。