基于MongoDB的空间数据存储与查询

一、概念说明

1.1 空间地理数据

MongoDB 中使用 GeoJSON对象 或 坐标对 描述空间地理数据。MongoDB使用 WGS84 参考系进行地理空间数据查询。
1、MongoDB支持空间数据的存储，数据类型需要限制为GeoJSON;
2、MongoDB可以为GeoJSON类型数据建立索引，提升空间查询的效率；

1.2 GeoJSON对象

GeoJSON 对象格式

<field>: { type: <GeoJSON type> , coordinates: <coordinates> }

GeoJSON 对象有两个filed,分别是 type 和 coordinates.其中,

• type 指明是哪种空间地理数据类型

• coordinates: 是描述 Geo对象的坐标数组,经度在前(经度取值范围 -180到 180),纬度在后(纬度取值范围是-90到90

二、功能演示操作

2.1 准备环境与初始数据

2.1.1、使用SpringBoot 和 MongoTemplate操作
增加MongoDB连接配置

spring:data:# MongoDB配置mongodb:uri: mongodb://usr:[e-mail]:27017/database: filedataauthentication-database: admin#自动创建索引auto-index-creation: trueconnections-num-min-size: 5connections-num-max-size: 10

2.1.2、创建GeoData对象存储空间数据

@Data
@ApiModel
@Document(collection = "GEO-DATA")
public class GeoData {@ApiModelProperty(name = "_id",value = "_id")private String _id;@ApiModelProperty(name = "recordId",value = "recordId")private String recordId;@ApiModelProperty(name = "name",value = "名称")private String name;/** 经度 */@ApiModelProperty(name = "lng",value = "经度")private Double lng;/** 维度 */@ApiModelProperty(name = "lat",value = "维度")private Double lat;/*** 位置信息*/@ApiModelProperty(name = "location",value = "位置信息", hidden = true)private GeoJsonPoint location;@ApiModelProperty(name = "time",value = "录入时间")private Long time;
}

2.1.3、增加集合GEO-DATA并创建对应的空间索引

db.getCollection("GEO-DATA").ensureIndex( { location :"2dsphere" } )

2.1.4、创建测试类MongoGeoTest

@Slf4j
@RunWith(SpringRunner.class)
@SpringBootTest(classes = Application.class, webEnvironment = SpringBootTest.WebEnvironment.RANDOM_PORT)
public class MongoGeoTest {@Autowiredprivate MongoTemplate mongoTemplate;}

2.1.5、增加批量插入数据的方法

/*** 批量插入数据*/
public void batchInsertData() {//准备数据List<GeoData> geoDataList = new ArrayList<>();for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {GeoData geoData = new GeoData();geoData.setRecordId(UUID.fastUUID().toString(Boolean.TRUE));geoData.setName(RandomUtil.randomNumbers(12));geoData.setTime(new Date().getTime());//经度double lng = 116.3180D + RandomUtil.randomDouble(0.1d, 1.0d);geoData.setLng(lng);//维度double lat = 39.9857D + RandomUtil.randomDouble(0.1d, 1.0d);geoData.setLat(lat);geoData.setLocation(new GeoJsonPoint(lng, lat));geoDataList.add(geoData);}//保存数据Long start = System.currentTimeMillis();mongoTemplate.insert(geoDataList, "GEO-DATA");log.info("Mongo save documents to GEO-DATA 耗时：{} 毫秒", System.currentTimeMillis() - start);
}

2.2 多边形区域内查询

2.2.1、创建查询参数类MultiPositionPageQueryParam

@Data
@ApiModel
public class MultiPositionPageQueryParam {@ApiModelProperty(name = "positions",value = "位置集合")private List<BDSPosition> positions;@ApiModelProperty(name = "geoType", value = "类型: 1-多点（位置）查询；2-面（区域）查询")private Integer geoType;@NotNull@ApiModelProperty(name = "pageNum",value = "pageNum 起始数字为 0")private Long pageNum;@NotNull@ApiModelProperty(name = "pageSize",value = "pageSize")private Long pageSize;@ApiModelProperty(name = "needCount",value = "是否需要统计总记录数")private Boolean needCount = Boolean.FALSE;
}

2.2.2、增加多边形区域查询方法

/*** 多边形区域内** @param queryParam*/
public void queryGeoDataByMultiPositionPageQueryParam(MultiPositionPageQueryParam queryParam) {Query query = new Query();Criteria criteria = new Criteria();List<Criteria> criteriaList = new LinkedList<>();//过滤字段query.fields().include("recordId", "_id", "name", "time", "lng", "lat", "location");//位置集合过滤if (ObjectUtil.isNotNull(queryParam.getPositions()) && queryParam.getPositions().size() > 0) {// 类型: 1-多点（位置）查询；2-面（区域）查询if (ObjectUtil.isNotNull(queryParam.getGeoType()) && queryParam.getGeoType() == 2 && queryParam.getPositions().size() > 2) {List<Point> pointList = new LinkedList<>();//经纬度获取for (BDSPosition position : queryParam.getPositions()) {Point point = new Point(position.getLng(), position.getLat());pointList.add(point);}pointList.add(pointList.get(0));GeoJsonPolygon geoJsonPolygon = new GeoJsonPolygon(pointList);Criteria areaCriteria = Criteria.where("location").within(geoJsonPolygon);query.addCriteria(areaCriteria);criteriaList.add(areaCriteria);} else {List<Criteria> orCriteriaList = new LinkedList<>();//经纬度判断for (BDSPosition position : queryParam.getPositions()) {orCriteriaList.add(Criteria.where("lng").is(position.getLng()).and("lat").is(position.getLat()));}Criteria orPositionCriteria = new Criteria().orOperator(orCriteriaList);query.addCriteria(orPositionCriteria);criteriaList.add(orPositionCriteria);}}//总记录数统计Long total = null;if (queryParam.getNeedCount()) {total = mongoTemplate.findDistinct(query, "recordId", "GEO-DATA", String.class).stream().count();}//排序List<Sort.Order> orders = new LinkedList<>();orders.add(Sort.Order.desc("time"));AggregationOptions aggregationOptions = AggregationOptions.builder().allowDiskUse(Boolean.TRUE).build();Aggregation aggregation = null;if (criteriaList.size() > 0) {criteria = criteria.andOperator(criteriaList);aggregation = Aggregation.newAggregation(Aggregation.project("recordId", "_id", "name", "time", "lng", "lat", "location"),//查询条件Aggregation.match(criteria),//分组条件Aggregation.group("recordId").max("time").as("time").first("recordId").as("recordId").last("time").as("time"),Aggregation.sort(Sort.by(orders)),//分页条件Aggregation.skip(queryParam.getPageNum()),Aggregation.limit(queryParam.getPageSize())).withOptions(aggregationOptions);} else {aggregation = Aggregation.newAggregation(Aggregation.project("recordId", "_id", "name", "time", "lng", "lat", "location"),//分组条件Aggregation.group("recordId").max("time").as("time").first("recordId").as("recordId").first("time").as("time"),Aggregation.sort(Sort.by(orders)),//分页条件Aggregation.skip(queryParam.getPageNum()),Aggregation.limit(queryParam.getPageSize())).withOptions(aggregationOptions);}List<GeoData> list = mongoTemplate.aggregate(aggregation, "GEO-DATA", GeoData.class).getMappedResults();log.info("Data: {}", list);
}

2.3 圆形区域内查询

2.3.1、创建查询参数类CirclePageQueryParam

@Data
@ApiModel
public class CirclePageQueryParam {@NotNull@ApiModelProperty(name = "lng", value = "经度")private Double lng;@NotNull@ApiModelProperty(name = "lat", value = "维度")private Double lat;@NotNull@ApiModelProperty(name = "radius", value = "半径")private Double radius;@NotNull@ApiModelProperty(name = "pageNum",value = "pageNum 起始数字为 0")private Long pageNum;@NotNull@ApiModelProperty(name = "pageSize",value = "pageSize")private Long pageSize;@ApiModelProperty(name = "needCount",value = "是否需要统计总记录数")private Boolean needCount = Boolean.FALSE;
}

2.3.2、增加圆形区域查询方法

/*** 圆形区域内查询* @param queryParam*/
public void queryGeoDataByCircle(CirclePageQueryParam queryParam) {Query query = new Query();Criteria criteria = new Criteria();List<Criteria> criteriaList = new LinkedList<>();//过滤字段query.fields().include("recordId", "_id", "name", "time", "lng", "lat", "location");//位置集合过滤if (ObjectUtil.isNotNull(queryParam.getLat()) && ObjectUtil.isNotNull(queryParam.getLng())&& ObjectUtil.isNotNull(queryParam.getRadius())) {Point point = new Point(queryParam.getLng(), queryParam.getLat());Distance distance = new Distance(queryParam.getRadius(), Metrics.MILES);Circle circle = new Circle(point, distance);Criteria areaCriteria = Criteria.where("location").withinSphere(circle);query.addCriteria(areaCriteria);criteriaList.add(areaCriteria);}else{log.info("参数有误，必要参数为空。");return;}//总记录数统计Long total = null;if (queryParam.getNeedCount()) {total = mongoTemplate.findDistinct(query, "recordId", "GEO-DATA", String.class).stream().count();}//排序List<Sort.Order> orders = new LinkedList<>();orders.add(Sort.Order.desc("time"));AggregationOptions aggregationOptions = AggregationOptions.builder().allowDiskUse(Boolean.TRUE).build();Aggregation aggregation = null;if (criteriaList.size() > 0) {criteria = criteria.andOperator(criteriaList);aggregation = Aggregation.newAggregation(Aggregation.project("recordId", "_id", "name", "time", "lng", "lat", "location"),//查询条件Aggregation.match(criteria),//分组条件Aggregation.group("recordId").max("time").as("time").first("recordId").as("recordId").last("time").as("time"),Aggregation.sort(Sort.by(orders)),//分页条件Aggregation.skip(queryParam.getPageNum()),Aggregation.limit(queryParam.getPageSize())).withOptions(aggregationOptions);} else {aggregation = Aggregation.newAggregation(Aggregation.project("recordId", "_id", "name", "time", "lng", "lat", "location"),//分组条件Aggregation.group("recordId").max("time").as("time").first("recordId").as("recordId").first("time").as("time"),Aggregation.sort(Sort.by(orders)),//分页条件Aggregation.skip(queryParam.getPageNum()),Aggregation.limit(queryParam.getPageSize())).withOptions(aggregationOptions);}List<GeoData> list = mongoTemplate.aggregate(aggregation, "GEO-DATA", GeoData.class).getMappedResults();log.info("Data: {}", list);
}