JS-ECharts-前端图表 多层级联合饼图、柱状堆叠图、柱/线组合图、趋势图、自定义中线、平均线、气泡备注点

本篇博客背景为JavaScript。在ECharts在线编码快速上手，绘制相关前端可视化图表。
ECharts官网：https://echarts.apache.org/zh/index.html

其他的一些推荐：
AntV：https://antv.vision/zh
chartcube：https://chartcube.alipay.com/make

1、饼图

1.1 常规饼图

饼图，可以显示数据内容的分类及占比。
可自定义分类的备注内容（使用名称+值+百分比）。可自定义分类颜色。

代码示例如下：

option = {title: {//图表标题填写位置text: '图表标题',//图表副标题填写位置subtext: '副标题',//图表标题位置；center表示居中left: 'center'},tooltip: {trigger: 'item'},legend: {orient: 'vertical',left: 'left'},series: [{type: 'pie',//调整图表在页面相对大小radius: '60%',label: {normal: {show: true,//自定义色块备注，名称+值+百分比formatter: '{b}:{c}' + '个\n\r' + '({d}%)'}},data: [{ value: 8, name: 'A' },{ value: 6, name: 'B' },{ value: 3, name: 'C' },{ value: 2, name: 'D' },{ value: 7, name: 'E' },{ value: 1, name: 'F' },{ value: 1, name: 'G' },{ value: 1, name: 'H' },{ value: 5, name: 'I' },//数量较多会循环使用之前的颜色，所以加上,itemStyle:{color来自定义颜色{ value: 13, name: 'J' ,itemStyle:{color:'#FF7F80'}},{ value: 10, name: 'K' ,itemStyle:{color:'#A52A4A'}}],emphasis: {itemStyle: {shadowBlur: 10,shadowOffsetX: 0,shadowColor: 'rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.5)'}}}]
};

1.2 多层级饼图/双层饼图

多层级饼图，可展示数据分类及其下钻数据内容分类和关联性。
能够直观从几个层次展示，第一维度横向比较，第二维度横向比较，第二维度基于第一维度的横向比较，第二维度基于第一维度的延伸展示。
可自定义数据内容的分类及相应占比值，也可以自定义第二维度的数据分类及占比。

代码示例如下：

option = {textStyle: {color: '#999',fontWeight: 'normal',//调整图表中字体大小fontSize: 15},toolbox: {feature: {dataView: { show: true, readOnly: false },magicType: { show: true, type: ['line', 'bar'] },restore: { show: true },saveAsImage: { show: true }}},title: {//图表标题填写位置text: '图表标题',//图表副标题填写位置subtext: '副标题',//图表标题位置；left表示左靠齐left: 'left'},legend: {orient: 'vertical',left: 'left'},series: {itemStyle: {borderColor: '#fff',borderWidth: 3},type: 'sunburst',//调整图表在页面相对大小radius: '99%',//调整图表在页面整体位置center: ['50%', '50%'],//图表数据，一个对象为一个色块data: [{//第1部分的色块名name: '1',//第1部分的的值，对应占比大小value: 2.2,children: [{//第1部分外圈的名称name: '1.2',//第1部分外圈的值，对应其在该色块中占比大小value: 1.2},{name: '1.3',value: 0.2},{name: '1.1',value: 0.8}]}, {name: '2',value:1.8,children: [{name: '2.1',value: 0.9},{name: '2.2',value: 0.1},{name: '2.3',value: 0.8}]},{name: '3',value: 0.3,children: [{name: '3.1',value: 0.075},{name: '3.2',value: 0.15},{name: '3.3',value: 0.075}]},]}};

2、柱状图

2.1柱状堆叠图

柱状图与数据堆叠柱状图，可直观展示数据分类及该批次下数据细致划分及占比。
可自定义堆叠类型，自定义数据分类及占比等。双y轴图。

代码示例如下：

const Colors = {'United States': '#b22234'
};
option = {title: {//图表标题填写位置text: '图表标题',//图表副标题填写位置subtext: '副标题',//图表标题位置；left表示左靠齐left: 'left'},tooltip: {trigger: 'axis',axisPointer: {type: 'shadow'}},toolbox: {feature: {dataView: { show: true, readOnly: false },magicType: { show: true, type: ['line', 'bar'] },restore: { show: true },saveAsImage: { show: true }}},legend: {},grid: {//整个图表距离页面最左侧的相对距离left: '3%',right: '4%',//整个图表距离页面顶部的相对距离top:'18%',bottom: '3%',containLabel: true},//横坐标xAxis: [{type: 'category',//横坐标名称data: ['A1', 'A2','A3','A4','A5','A6','A7',],axisLabel: {interval: 0,//横坐标倾斜程度rotate: 30}}],//纵坐标，这儿是双纵坐标yAxis: [{type: 'value',//纵坐标名称name: '数量1',},{type: 'value',name: '数量2',//纵坐标最小值//min: 0,//纵坐标最大值//max: 10000,//纵坐标数据间隔//interval: 800,}],series: [{//数据分类名称name: 'B1',type: 'bar',//color: '#76be77',emphasis: {focus: 'series'},label: {//柱状图上展示具体数值show: true},data:[123,34,77,34,43,546,113]},{name: 'C1',type: 'bar',//柱状图数据堆叠效果stack: 'Ad',//color: '#a90000',emphasis: {focus: 'series'},label: {show: true},data:[583,182,203,36,93,709,888]},{name: 'C2',stack: 'Ad',type: 'bar',emphasis: {focus: 'series'},label: {show: true},data:[165,8,12,6,30,112,223]},{name: 'D1',yAxisIndex: 1,type: 'bar',//数据堆叠在不同柱子，根据stack的名称区分stack: 'Ad2',//color: '#a90000',emphasis: {focus: 'series'},label: {show: true},data:[17579,5788,5774,5044,3715,4811,2288]},{name: 'D2',yAxisIndex: 1,stack: 'Ad2',type: 'bar',emphasis: {focus: 'series'},label: {show: true},data:[1533,146,1140,480,809,70,22]},{name: 'D3',yAxisIndex: 1,stack: 'Ad2',type: 'bar',emphasis: {focus: 'series'},label: {show: true},data:[7101,470,502,641,6650,10418,5026]},{name: 'D4',yAxisIndex: 1,stack: 'Ad2',type: 'bar',emphasis: {focus: 'series'},label: {show: true},data:[0,0,0,0,0,0,3923]}]  
};

3、趋势图

3.1 凹凸图

可展示对应数据长期情况，趋势及最大最小值。
可自定义数据分类及备注点内容和坐标点位置等。

代码示例如下：

option = {title: {//图表标题填写位置text: '图表标题',//图表副标题填写位置subtext: '副标题',},tooltip: {trigger: 'axis'},legend: {data: ['A', 'B', 'C', 'D', 'E','F'],orient: 'vertical',left: 'left',top:'7%',},toolbox: {show: true,feature: {dataZoom: {yAxisIndex: 'none'},dataView: { readOnly: false },magicType: { type: ['line', 'bar','stack'] },restore: {},saveAsImage: {}}},grid: {//整个图表距离页面最左侧的相对距离left: '5%',right: '4%',//整个图表距离页面底部的相对距离bottom: '3%',containLabel: true},//横坐标xAxis: {type: 'category',boundaryGap: false,//横坐标的名称data: ['2022-7-1', '2022-7-2', '2022-7-3', '2022-7-4', '2022-7-5', '2022-7-6', '2022-7-7','2022-7-8','2022-7-9','2022-7-10','2022-7-11','2022-7-12','2022-7-13','2022-7-14','2022-7-15','2022-7-16','2022-7-17','2022-7-18','2022-7-19','2022-7-20','2022-7-21','2022-7-22','2022-7-23','2022-7-24','2022-7-25','2022-7-26','2022-7-27','2022-7-28','2022-7-29','2022-7-30','2022-7-31'],axisLabel: {interval: 0,//横坐标名称倾斜程度rotate: 30}},//纵坐标yAxis: {type: 'value',//纵坐标最小值min: 0,//纵坐标最大值max: 2,},series: [{name: 'A',smooth: true,//增加该曲线的备注点markPoint: {data: [//备注点的名称，展示内容，坐标点{ name: 'markPoint', value: 'A', xAxis: 9, yAxis: 1,symbolSize:150,}],},type: 'line',label: {show: true},//该曲线对应横坐标的具体数值data: [0,0,0,0,0,1,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,0,0,0]},{name: 'B',smooth: true,markPoint: {data: [{ name: 'markPoint', value: 'B', xAxis: 9, yAxis: 1,symbolSize:160,}],},type: 'line',label: {show: true},data: [0,0,0,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0]},{name: 'C',smooth: true,markPoint: {data: [{ name: 'markPoint', value: 'C', xAxis: 9, yAxis: 1,symbolSize:150,}],},type: 'line',label: {show: true},data: [0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0]},{name: 'D',smooth: true,markPoint: {data: [{ name: 'markPoint', value: 'D', xAxis: 9, yAxis: 1,symbolSize:150,}],},type: 'line',label: {show: true},data: [0,0,0,0,1,0,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,0,0,1,0,0]},{name: 'E',smooth: true,type: 'line',label: {show: true},data: [0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0]},{name: 'F',smooth: true,markPoint: {data: [{ name: 'markPoint', value: 'F', xAxis: 9, yAxis: 1,symbolSize:150,}],},type: 'line',label: {show: true},data: [1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,1,0,0,0,0,0,1,0,1,1,0,0,0]}]
};

3.2 折线图

折线图，可较好展示数据波动及趋势，可快速看出最值。
可自定义数值及中线平均值。

代码示例如下：

const Colors = {'United States': '#b22234'
};
option = {title: {//图表标题填写位置text: '图表标题',//图表副标题填写位置subtext: '副标题',//图表标题位置；left表示左靠齐left: 'left'},tooltip: {trigger: 'axis',axisPointer: {type: 'shadow'}},toolbox: {feature: {dataView: { show: true, readOnly: false },magicType: { show: true, type: ['line', 'bar'] },restore: { show: true },saveAsImage: { show: true }}},legend: {},grid: {//整个图表距离页面最左侧的相对距离left: '3%',right: '4%',//整个图表距离页面顶部的相对距离top:'18%',bottom: '3%',containLabel: true},//纵坐标xAxis: [{type: 'category',//纵坐标名称data: ['2022-7-1', '2022-7-2', '2022-7-3', '2022-7-4', '2022-7-5','2022-7-6', '2022-7-7','2022-7-8','2022-7-9','2022-7-10','2022-7-11','2022-7-12','2022-7-13','2022-7-14','2022-7-15','2022-7-16','2022-7-17','2022-7-18','2022-7-19','2022-7-20','2022-7-21','2022-7-22','2022-7-23','2022-7-24','2022-7-25','2022-7-26','2022-7-27','2022-7-28','2022-7-29','2022-7-30'],axisLabel: {interval: 0,rotate: 30}}],//横坐标yAxis: [{type: 'value',//纵坐标名称name: '单位1',},{type: 'value',name: '单位2',//纵坐标最小值//min: 0,//max: 100,//纵坐标间隔interval: 20,}],series: [{name: '数据1',type: 'line',yAxisIndex: 1,markLine: {//平均线data: [{ type: 'average', name: 'Avg' }]},label: {//展示折线点对应的数据show: true,//数据展示位置，right展示在点的右边position: 'right',},data: [99.59, 114.71, 85.92, 58.9, 83.63, 101.49, 86.82, 79.3, 95.04, 234.91, 41.62, 62.23, 113.63, 97.76, 83.83, 164.91, 108.76, 68.58, 90.65, 89.06, 68.08, 66.28, 233.1, 107.23, 60.1, 72.76, 113.96, 89.59, 86.8, 100]},{name: '数据2',type: 'line',yAxisIndex: 1,markLine: {data: [{ type: 'average', name: 'Avg' }]},label: {show: true,position: 'right',},data: [28.0, 15.28, 21.47, 17.38, 142.15, 24.43, 13.14, 32.45, 19.19, 11.81, 5.68, 7.69, 3.67, 16.34, 5.2, 14.82, 28.38, 19.25, 22.4, 11.46, 2.69, 20.27, 34.78, 19.64, 10.72, 22.71, 13.94, 12.23, 10.78, 14.45]}]  
};

4、组合图

4.1 柱状图+折线图
柱状图与折线图的形式，可便捷看出数据总量、分类及其数据趋势走向。
可自定义数据、分类，双y轴、数据备注点等。

代码示例如下：

option = {title: {//图表标题填写位置text: '图表标题',//图表副标题填写位置subtext: '副标题',//图表标题位置；left表示左靠齐left: 'left'},tooltip: {trigger: 'axis',axisPointer: {type: 'shadow'}},legend: {},grid: {  //整个图表距离页面最左侧的相对距离left: '3%',right: '4%',//整个图表距离页面顶部的相对距离top:'18%',bottom: '3%',containLabel: true},toolbox: {feature: {dataView: { show: true, readOnly: false },magicType: { show: true, type: ['line', 'bar'] },restore: { show: true },saveAsImage: { show: true }}},//横坐标xAxis: [{type: 'category',//横坐标的名称data: ['A', 'B', 'C', 'D', 'E','F','G','H','I','J','K','L',"N","M"],axisLabel: {interval: 0,//横坐标名称倾斜程度rotate: 30}}],
//纵坐标,双纵坐标yAxis: [{type: 'value',//纵坐标名称name: '数量',},{type: 'value',name: '百分比',//纵坐标最小值min: 0,max: 100,//纵坐标间隔interval: 20,axisLabel: {//纵坐标加单位formatter: '{value} %'}}],series: [{name: '数量1',type: 'bar',emphasis: {focus: 'series'},label: {show: true},data: [4,1,1,6,0,8,7,10,1,0,1,2,1,1]},{name: '数量2',type: 'bar',emphasis: {focus: 'series'},label: {show: true},data: [4,1,1,6,0,7,6,10,1,0,1,2,1,1]},{name: '百分比',markPoint: {data: [//备注点的名称，展示内容，坐标点{ name: 'markPoint', value: 'A', xAxis: 6, yAxis: 84,symbolSize:90,itemStyle:{//指定颜色color:'#DC143C'}},{ name: 'markPoint', value: 'B', xAxis: 5, yAxis: 89,symbolSize:100,itemStyle:{color:'#DC143C'},}],},type: 'line',yAxisIndex: 1,tooltip: {valueFormatter: function (value) {return value + ' %';}},color:'#a90000',label: {show: true,position: 'right',},data: [100,100,100,100,100,88,86,100,100,100,100,100,100,100]}]  
};