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ElasticsearchRestTemplate 和ElasticsearchRepository 的使用

news 2026/2/9 10:25:36

一、使用ElasticsearchRestTemplate类

1.引用Maven类库

2. 配置文件application.yml

3.创建实体类（用于JSON文档对象的转换）

二、使用ElasticsearchRepository 类

1.引用Maven类库

2. 配置文件application.yml

3. ElasticsearchRepository接口的源码

4.CrudRepository 源码

5. 查询查找策略

5.1存储库方法可以定义为具有以下返回类型，用于返回多个元素：

5.2 使用@Query注解

6.开发实例：

操作ElasticSearch的数据，有两种方式一种是 ElasticsearchRepository 接口，另一种是ElasticsearchTemplate接口。SpringData对ES的封装ElasticsearchRestTemplate类，可直接使用，此类在ElasticsearchRestTemplate基础上进行性一定程度的封装，使用起来更方便灵活，拓展性更强。ElasticsearchRepository可以被继承操作ES，是SpringBoot对ES的高度封装，操作最为方便，但牺牲了灵活性。

Spring boot 和Elasticsearch版本关系：

一、使用ElasticsearchRestTemplate类

1.引用Maven类库

<dependency><groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId><artifactId>spring-boot-starter-data-elasticsearch</artifactId>
</dependency>

2. 配置文件application.yml

spring:elasticsearch:rest:uris: http://192.168.10.202:9200connection-timeout: 1sread-timeout: 1musername: elasticpassword: elastic

注意，如果es资源没有开启x-pack安全插件的话，可以不加username和password（因为默认是没有的）。

3.创建实体类（用于JSON文档对象的转换）

import com.fasterxml.jackson.annotation.JsonFormat;
import lombok.Data;
import org.springframework.data.annotation.Id;
import org.springframework.data.elasticsearch.annotations.DateFormat;
import org.springframework.data.elasticsearch.annotations.Document;
import org.springframework.data.elasticsearch.annotations.Field;
import org.springframework.data.elasticsearch.annotations.FieldType;
import java.time.LocalDate;
import java.time.LocalDateTime;
/*** @author Sinbad* @description: 测试ES对象<br />* @date 2022/8/26 17:12*/
@Document(indexName = "mysql-test")
@Data
public class TestEsEntity {@Id  Long id;@Field(type = FieldType.Text, name = "addr")String addr;@Field(type = FieldType.Text, name = "name")String name;@Field(type = FieldType.Date, name = "birthday", pattern = "yyyy-MM-dd")LocalDate birthday;@JsonFormat(pattern = "yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss", timezone = "GMT+8",locale = "zh_CN")@Field(type = FieldType.Date, name = "create_time", pattern = "yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss",format =DateFormat.custom )LocalDateTime createTime;
}

@Document注解：表示对应一个索引名相关的文档
@Data注解：lombok的，为类提供读写属性, 此外还提供了 equals()、hashCode()、toString() 方法
@Id 注解：表示文档的ID字段
@Field注解：文档字段的注解，对于日期含时间的字段，要写patten和format，不然会无法更新文档对象
@JsonFormat注解：将文档转换成JSON返回给前端时用到
注意日期类型字段不要用java.util.Date类型，要用java.time.LocalDate或java.time.LocalDateTime类型。

测试实例：

import com.hkyctech.commons.base.entity.JsonResult;
import com.hkyctech.tu.core.vo.TestEsEntity ;
import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
import org.elasticsearch.index.query.BoolQueryBuilder;
import org.elasticsearch.index.query.QueryBuilders;
import org.elasticsearch.search.fetch.subphase.highlight.HighlightBuilder;
import org.springframework.data.domain.PageRequest;
import org.springframework.data.elasticsearch.core.ElasticsearchRestTemplate;
import org.springframework.data.elasticsearch.core.query.NativeSearchQuery;
import org.springframework.data.elasticsearch.core.query.NativeSearchQueryBuilder;
import org.springframework.data.elasticsearch.core.query.Query;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;
import javax.annotation.Resource;@Slf4j
@Service
public class ElasticSearchServiceImpl {@ResourceElasticsearchRestTemplate elasticsearchTemplate; //直接注入就可以用了/**** @description 查询全部数据*/public Object testSearchAll(){Query query=elasticsearchTemplate.matchAllQuery();return elasticsearchTemplate.search(query, TestEsEntity .class);}/**** @description  精确查询地址字段* @param keyword 搜索关键字*/public Object testSearchAddr(String keyword) {NativeSearchQuery nativeSearchQuery = new NativeSearchQueryBuilder()//查询条件.withQuery(QueryBuilders.queryStringQuery(keyword).defaultField("addr"))//分页.withPageable(PageRequest.of(0, 10))//高亮字段显示.withHighlightFields(new HighlightBuilder.Field(keyword)).build();return elasticsearchTemplate.search(nativeSearchQuery, TestEsEntity .class);}/**** @description 组合查询，查询关键词不分词，关系and*/public Object testComboSearchAnd(){BoolQueryBuilder esQuery=QueryBuilders.boolQuery().must(QueryBuilders.termQuery("addr", "深圳")).must(QueryBuilders.termQuery("addr", "广东"));NativeSearchQuery nativeSearchQuery = new NativeSearchQueryBuilder()//查询条件.withQuery(esQuery)//分页.withPageable(PageRequest.of(0, 10)).build();return elasticsearchTemplate.search(nativeSearchQuery, TestEsEntity .class);}/**** @description 组合查询，查询关键词不分词，关系or*/public Object testComboSearchOr(){BoolQueryBuilder esQuery=QueryBuilders.boolQuery().should(QueryBuilders.termQuery("addr", "深圳")).should(QueryBuilders.termQuery("addr", "广东"));NativeSearchQuery nativeSearchQuery = new NativeSearchQueryBuilder()//查询条件.withQuery(esQuery)//分页.withPageable(PageRequest.of(0, 10)).build();return elasticsearchTemplate.search(nativeSearchQuery, TestEsEntity .class);}/**** @description  索引或更新文档* @param vo 文档对象*/public JsonResult testPutDocument(TestEsEntity  vo){try {Object data = elasticsearchTemplate.save(vo);return JsonResult.getSuccessResult(data,"更新成功");}catch (Exception e){// 看http请求响应日志其实操作成功了，但是会报解析出错，可能是spring的bug，这里拦截一下String message=e.getMessage();if(message.indexOf("response=HTTP/1.1 200 OK")>0 || message.indexOf("response=HTTP/1.1 201 Created")>0){return JsonResult.getSuccessResult("更新成功");}return JsonResult.getFailResult(e.getStackTrace(),e.getMessage());}}/**** @description  删除文档* @param id 文档ID*/public JsonResult deleteDocument(String id){try {elasticsearchTemplate.delete(id, TestEsEntity .class);return JsonResult.getSuccessResult("删除成功");}catch (Exception e){String message=e.getMessage();// 看http请求响应日志其实操作成功了，但是会报解析出错，可能是spring的bug，这里拦截一下if(message.indexOf("response=HTTP/1.1 200 OK")>0 ){return JsonResult.getSuccessResult("删除成功");}return JsonResult.getFailResult(e.getStackTrace(),e.getMessage());}}
}

二、使用ElasticsearchRepository 类

1.引用Maven类库

 <dependency><groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId><artifactId>spring-boot-starter-data-elasticsearch</artifactId></dependency>

2. 配置文件application.yml

spring:elasticsearch:rest:uris: http://192.168.10.202:9200connection-timeout: 1sread-timeout: 1musername: elasticpassword: elastic

3. ElasticsearchRepository接口的源码

package org.springframework.data.elasticsearch.repository;import java.io.Serializable;import org.elasticsearch.index.query.QueryBuilder;
import org.springframework.data.domain.Page;
import org.springframework.data.domain.Pageable;
import org.springframework.data.elasticsearch.core.query.SearchQuery;
import org.springframework.data.repository.NoRepositoryBean;@NoRepositoryBean
public interface ElasticsearchRepository<T, ID extends Serializable> extends ElasticsearchCrudRepository<T, ID> {<S extends T> S index(S entity);Iterable<T> search(QueryBuilder query);Page<T> search(QueryBuilder query, Pageable pageable);Page<T> search(SearchQuery searchQuery);Page<T> searchSimilar(T entity, String[] fields, Pageable pageable);void refresh();Class<T> getEntityClass();
}

4.CrudRepository 源码

package org.springframework.data.repository;import java.util.Optional;/*** Interface for generic CRUD operations on a repository for a specific type.** @author Oliver Gierke* @author Eberhard Wolff*/
@NoRepositoryBean
public interface CrudRepository<T, ID> extends Repository<T, ID> {/*** Saves a given entity. Use the returned instance for further operations as the save operation might have changed the* entity instance completely.** @param entity must not be {@literal null}.* @return the saved entity will never be {@literal null}.*/<S extends T> S save(S entity);/*** Saves all given entities.** @param entities must not be {@literal null}.* @return the saved entities will never be {@literal null}.* @throws IllegalArgumentException in case the given entity is {@literal null}.*/<S extends T> Iterable<S> saveAll(Iterable<S> entities);/*** Retrieves an entity by its id.** @param id must not be {@literal null}.* @return the entity with the given id or {@literal Optional#empty()} if none found* @throws IllegalArgumentException if {@code id} is {@literal null}.*/Optional<T> findById(ID id);/*** Returns whether an entity with the given id exists.** @param id must not be {@literal null}.* @return {@literal true} if an entity with the given id exists, {@literal false} otherwise.* @throws IllegalArgumentException if {@code id} is {@literal null}.*/boolean existsById(ID id);/*** Returns all instances of the type.** @return all entities*/Iterable<T> findAll();/*** Returns all instances of the type with the given IDs.** @param ids* @return*/Iterable<T> findAllById(Iterable<ID> ids);/*** Returns the number of entities available.** @return the number of entities*/long count();/*** Deletes the entity with the given id.** @param id must not be {@literal null}.* @throws IllegalArgumentException in case the given {@code id} is {@literal null}*/void deleteById(ID id);/*** Deletes a given entity.** @param entity* @throws IllegalArgumentException in case the given entity is {@literal null}.*/void delete(T entity);/*** Deletes the given entities.** @param entities* @throws IllegalArgumentException in case the given {@link Iterable} is {@literal null}.*/void deleteAll(Iterable<? extends T> entities);/*** Deletes all entities managed by the repository.*/void deleteAll();
}

5. 查询查找策略

5.1存储库方法可以定义为具有以下返回类型，用于返回多个元素：

List<T>
Stream<T>
SearchHits<T>
List<SearchHit<T>>
Stream<SearchHit<T>>
SearchPage<T>

5.2 使用@Query注解

使用@query注释对方法声明query。

interface BookRepository extends ElasticsearchRepository<Book, String> {@Query("{\"match\": {\"name\": {\"query\": \"?0\"}}}")Page<Book> findByName(String name,Pageable pageable);
}

设置为注释参数的字符串必须是有效的 Elasticsearch JSON 查询。它将作为查询元素的值发送到Easticsearch;例如，如果使用参数 John 调用函数，它将生成以下查询正文：

{"query": {"match": {"name": {"query": "John"}}}
}

对@Query采用集合参数的方法进行注释

@Query("{\"ids\": {\"values\": ?0 }}")
List<SampleEntity> getByIds(Collection<String> ids);

将进行ID查询以返回所有匹配的文档。因此，调用List为[“id1”、“id2”、“id3”]的方法将生成查询主体

{"query": {"ids": {"values": ["id1", "id2", "id3"]}}
}

6.开发实例：

public interface LogRepository extends ElasticsearchRepository<Log, String> {/*** 定义一个方法查询：根据title查询es** 原因：  ElasticsearchRepository会分析方法名,参数对应es中的field（这就是灵活之处）* @param title*/List<Log> findBySummary(String summary);List<Log> findByTitle(String title);/*** 定义一个方法查询： 根据title，content查询es*/List<Log> findByTitleAndContent(String title, String content);}

   @PostMapping("save")public void save(@Validated @RequestBody Log req){Log dto = new Log();dto.setTitle(req.getTitle());dto.setSummary(req.getSummary());dto.setContent(req.getContent());dto.setCreateTime(new Date());dto.setId(req.getId());      LogRepository.save(dto);return ;} @PostMapping("testTitle")public void testSearchTitle(@Validated @RequestBody Log req){List<Log> searchResult = logRepository.findByTitle(req.getMobileType());Iterator<Log> iterator = searchResult.iterator();while(iterator.hasNext()){System.out.println(iterator.next());}System.out.println("sa");return;}

官网：Spring Data Elasticsearch - Reference Documentation

一、使用ElasticsearchRestTemplate类

1.引用Maven类库

2. 配置文件application.yml

3.创建实体类（用于JSON文档对象的转换）

二、使用ElasticsearchRepository 类

1.引用Maven类库

2. 配置文件application.yml

3. ElasticsearchRepository接口的源码

4.CrudRepository 源码

5. 查询查找策略

5.1存储库方法可以定义为具有以下返回类型，用于返回多个元素：

5.2 使用@Query注解

6.开发实例：

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