K8S篇之实现利用Prometheus监控pod的实时数据指标

一、监控部署
1、将k8s集群中kube-state-metrics指标进行收集，服务进行部署
1.1 pod性能指标（k8s集群组件自动集成）
k8s组件本身提供组件自身运行的监控指标以及容器相关的监控指标。通过cAdvisor 是一个开源的分析容器资源使用率和性能特性的代理工具，集成到 Kubelet中，当Kubelet启动时会同时启动cAdvisor，且一个cAdvisor只监控一个Node节点的信息。cAdvisor 自动查找所有在其所在节点上的容器，自动采集 CPU、内存、文件系统和网络使用的统计信息。cAdvisor 通过它所在节点机的 Root 容器，采集并分析该节点机的全面使用情况。
当然kubelet也会输出一些监控指标数据，因此pod的监控数据有kubelet和cadvisor，监控url分别为
https://NodeIP:10250/metrics
https://NodeIP:10250/metrics/cadvisor
1.2 K8S资源监控（k8s集群内部署）
kube-state-metrics是一个简单的服务，它监听Kubernetes API服务器并生成关联对象的指标。它不关注单个Kubernetes组件的运行状况，而是关注内部各种对象（如deployment、node、pod等）的运行状况。
注：先手动检查下集群，是否已经安装kube-state-metrics

如果集群没有安装，可参考如下步骤进行部署：

docker pull gcr.io/google_containers/kube-state-metrics:v1.6.0
// 镜像打标签，设置为当前k8s配置的镜像仓库地址
docker tag quay.io/coreos/kube-state-metrics:v1.9.0 dockerhub.kubekey.local/library/kube-state-metrics:v1.9.0
// 推进仓库
docker push dockerhub.kubekey.local/library/kube-state-metrics:v1.9.0

1.3 编辑kube-state-metrics.yml文件

vim kube-state-metrics.yml

---
apiVersion: v1
kind: ServiceAccount
metadata:labels:app: kube-state-metricsname: kube-state-metricsnamespace: prometheus
---
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
kind: ClusterRole
metadata:name: kube-state-metrics
rules:
- apiGroups: [""]resources:- configmaps- secrets- nodes- pods- services- resourcequotas- replicationcontrollers- limitranges- persistentvolumeclaims- persistentvolumes- namespaces- endpointsverbs: ["list", "watch"]
- apiGroups: ["extensions"]resources:- daemonsets- deployments- replicasets- ingressesverbs: ["list", "watch"]
- apiGroups: ["apps"]resources:- daemonsets- deployments- replicasets- statefulsetsverbs: ["list", "watch"]
- apiGroups: ["batch"]resources:- cronjobs- jobsverbs: ["list", "watch"]
- apiGroups: ["autoscaling"]resources:- horizontalpodautoscalersverbs: ["list", "watch"]
- apiGroups: ["policy"]resources:- poddisruptionbudgetsverbs: ["list", "watch"]
- apiGroups: ["certificates.k8s.io"]resources:- certificatesigningrequestsverbs: ["list", "watch"]
- apiGroups: ["storage.k8s.io"]resources:- storageclassesverbs: ["list", "watch"]
- apiGroups: ["autoscaling.k8s.io"]resources:- verticalpodautoscalersverbs: ["list", "watch"]
---
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
kind: ClusterRoleBinding
metadata:labels:app: kube-state-metricsname: kube-state-metrics
roleRef:apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.iokind: ClusterRolename: kube-state-metrics
subjects:
- kind: ServiceAccountname: kube-state-metricsnamespace: prometheus
---
#apiVersion: extensions/v1beta1
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:labels:app: kube-state-metricsname: kube-state-metricsnamespace: prometheus
spec:replicas: 1selector:matchLabels:app: kube-state-metricsstrategy:rollingUpdate:maxSurge: 1maxUnavailable: 0type: RollingUpdatetemplate:metadata:labels:app: kube-state-metricsspec:containers:# 注意，这里image地址修改为你k8s配置的仓库地址- image: dockerhub.kubekey.local/library/kube-state-metrics:v1.9.0imagePullPolicy: IfNotPresentlivenessProbe:failureThreshold: 3httpGet:path: /port: 8080scheme: HTTPinitialDelaySeconds: 30periodSeconds: 10successThreshold: 1timeoutSeconds: 30name: kube-state-metricsports:- containerPort: 8080protocol: TCPreadinessProbe:failureThreshold: 3httpGet:path: /port: 8080scheme: HTTPinitialDelaySeconds: 30periodSeconds: 10successThreshold: 1timeoutSeconds: 5resources:limits:cpu: 500mmemory: 768Mirequests:cpu: 250mmemory: 768MirestartPolicy: AlwaysserviceAccount: kube-state-metricsserviceAccountName: kube-state-metrics
---
apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:labels:app: kube-state-metricsname: kube-state-metricsnamespace: prometheus
spec:ports:- name: kube-state-metricsport: 80protocol: TCPtargetPort: 8080selector:app: kube-state-metrics## 注意这里kube-state-metrics暴露类型修改为NodePort对外暴露type: NodePort

1.4 启动yaml文件

kubectl apply -f kube-state-metrics.yaml

1.5 查看pod信息

kubectl get pod -n prometheus

1.6 查看service信息

kubectl get svc -n prometheus

这里可以看到k8s集群对外暴露的端口为 62177
1.7 查看集群信息

kubectl get po -n prometheus -owide

然后查看metrics信息
可以手动

curl k8s02:62177/metrics

正常，数据metrics就会出现

二、创建token供集群外部访问
集群外部监控K8s集群，通过访问kube-apiserver来访问集群资源。通过这种方式集群外部prometheus也能自动发现k8s集群服务

# 1.创建serviceaccounts
kubectl create sa prometheus -n default
# 2.创建prometheus角色并对其绑定cluster-admin
kubectl create clusterrolebinding prometheus --clusterrole cluster-admin --serviceaccount=default:prometheus
# 3. 创建secret; k8s1.24之后默认不会为serveiceaccounts创建secret
kubectl apply -f - <<EOF
apiVersion: v1
kind: Secret
type: kubernetes.io/service-account-token
metadata:name: prometheus-tokennamespace: defaultannotations:kubernetes.io/service-account.name: "prometheus"
EOF
# 4. 测试访问kube-apiserver
APISERVER=$(kubectl config view --minify -o jsonpath='{.clusters[0].cluster.server}')
TOKEN=$(kubectl get secret  prometheus-token -n default -o jsonpath='{.data.token}' | base64 --decode)
curl $APISERVER/api --header "Authorization: Bearer $TOKEN" --insecure
# 5. 保存token
echo $TOKEN > k8s_token
# 6. 测试访问指标
# 访问pod性能资源指标：（访问kubelet）
# 注意：master1为当前master节点的hostname，需要修改
curl $APISERVER/api/v1/nodes/master1:10250/proxy/metrics --header "Authorization: Bearer $TOKEN" --insecure

三、集成Prometheus配置

vim prometheus.yml

scrape_configs:- job_name: "k8s-cadvisor"honor_timestamps: truemetrics_path: /metricsscheme: httpskubernetes_sd_configs:- api_server: https://10.142.155.202:6443role: nodebearer_token_file: /prometheus/data/k8s_tokentls_config:insecure_skip_verify: truebearer_token_file: /prometheus/data/k8s_tokentls_config:insecure_skip_verify: truerelabel_configs:- action: labelmapregex: __meta_kubernetes_node_label_(.+)- separator: ;regex: (.*)target_label: __address__replacement: 10.142.155.202:6443action: replace- source_labels: [__meta_kubernetes_node_name]separator: ;regex: (.+)target_label: __metrics_path__replacement: /api/v1/nodes/${1}:10250/proxy/metrics/cadvisoraction: replace- job_name: "kube-node-kubelet"scheme: httpstls_config:insecure_skip_verify: truebearer_token_file: /prometheus/data/k8s_tokenkubernetes_sd_configs:- role: nodeapi_server: "https://10.142.155.202:6443"   // 修改为对应的k8s master的节点tls_config:insecure_skip_verify: truebearer_token_file: /prometheus/data/k8s_tokenrelabel_configs:- target_label: __address__replacement: 10.142.155.202:6443- source_labels: [__meta_kubernetes_node_name]regex: (.+)target_label: __metrics_path__replacement: /api/v1/nodes/${1}:10250/proxy/metrics- action: labelmapregex: __meta_kubernetes_service_label_(.+)- source_labels: [__meta_kubernetes_namespace]action: replacetarget_label: kubernetes_namespace- source_labels: [__meta_kubernetes_service_name]action: replacetarget_label: service_name

注意：bearer_token_file: /prometheus/data/k8s_token
这里的token为上面生成的token信息，请根据目录进行配置即可
然后重启prometheus
如果是容器部署的prometheus，需要考虑映射token，可docker cp到/prometheus/data/ 即可
即可

docker restart prometheus

3、进入prometheus界面，查看相关指标
默认情况下 prometheus url： http://IP:9090

4、集成grafana
导入grafana JSON ID, 747
4.1、导入node信息指标

load 即可

4.2、导入pod信息指标
JSON ID：15760

大盘信息即可完全展示~