linux parted给磁盘分区

概述

        通常我们用的比较多的分区工具是fdisk命令，但由于fdisk只支持MBR分区，MBR分区表最大支撑2T的磁盘，所以无法划分大于2T的分区。而parted工具可以划分单个分区大于2T的GPT格式的分区，也可以划分普通的MBR分区。

1.查看磁盘大小

因磁盘大小超过2T，用fdisk划分磁盘时，最多只划出2T的磁盘。所以，改用parted命令划分

# lsblk
NAME            MAJ:MIN RM   SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
sda               8:0    0 447.1G  0 disk 
├─sda1            8:1    0     5G  0 part /boot
└─sda2            8:2    0 442.1G  0 part ├─rootvg-root 253:0    0   100G  0 lvm  /├─rootvg-swap 253:1    0    32G  0 lvm  [SWAP]├─rootvg-bomc 253:2    0 130.1G  0 lvm  /bomc├─rootvg-home 253:3    0    80G  0 lvm  /home└─rootvg-var  253:4    0   100G  0 lvm  /var
sdb               8:16   0  80.1T  0 disk 
sr0              11:0    1  1024M  0 rom  

1.1parted常用命令及说明

check NUMBER	                        做一次简单的文件系统检测
cp [FROM-DEVICE] FROM-NUMBER TO-NUMBER	复制文件系统到另一个分区
help [COMMAND]	                        显示所有的命令帮助
mklabel,mktable LABEL-TYPE	            创建新的磁盘卷标（分区表）
mkfs NUMBER FS-TYPE	                    在分区上建立文件系统
mkpart PART-TYPE [FS-TYPE] START END	创建一个分区
mkpartfs PART-TYPE FS-TYPE START END	创建分区，并建立文件系统
move NUMBER START END	                移动分区
name NUMBER NAME	                    给分区命名
print [devices|free|list,all|NUMBER]	显示分区表、活动设备、空闲空间、所有分区
quit	                                退出
rescue START END	                    修复丢失的分区
resize NUMBER START END	                修改分区大小
rm NUMBER	                            删除分区
select DEVICE	                        选择需要编辑的设备
set NUMBER FLAG STATE	                改变分区标记
toggle [NUMBER [FLAG]]	                切换分区表的状态
unit UNIT	                            设置默认的单位
Version	                                显示版本

1.2 parted常用的选项

-h	–help 显示此求助信息
-l	–list 列出所有设别的分区信息
-i	–interactive 在必要时，提示用户
-s	–script 从不提示用户
-v  -version 显示版本

2.划分磁盘

2.1 选择分区

# parted /dev/sdb
GNU Parted 3.2
Using /dev/sdb
Welcome to GNU Parted! Type 'help' to view a list of commands.
(parted)

2.2 创建分区

# mklabel                                                          
New disk label type? gpt                                                  
Warning: The existing disk label on /dev/sdb will be destroyed and all data on this disk will be lost. Do you want to continue?
Yes/No? yes                                                               
(parted)  

2.3 完成分区操作

# mkpart                                                           
Partition name?  []? sdb1                                                 
File system type?  [ext2]? xfs                                            
Start? 0                                                                  
End? 20%                                                                  
Warning: The resulting partition is not properly aligned for best performance: 34s % 5632s != 0s
Ignore/Cancel? Ignore                                                     
(parted)                                                                  
(parted) print                                                            
Model: ZTE LOGICAL VOLUME (scsi)
Disk /dev/sdb: 88.0TB
Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/4096B
Partition Table: gpt
Disk Flags: Number  Start   End     Size    File system  Name  Flags1      17.4kB  17.6TB  17.6TB  xfs          sdb1

2.4 分区错误，删除分区

# mkpart                                                           
Partition name?  []? sdb1                                                 
File system type?  [ext2]? xfs                                            
Start? 20%                                                                
End?                                                                      
End? 30%                                                                  
(parted) rm sdb1                                                          
Error: Expecting a partition number.
(parted) rm 1                                                             
(parted)                                                                  
(parted) print                                                            
Model: ZTE LOGICAL VOLUME (scsi)
Disk /dev/sdb: 88.0TB
Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/4096B
Partition Table: gpt
Disk Flags: Number  Start  End  Size  File system  Name  Flags

2.5 验证分区

print出信息，看是否符合预期

# print                                                            
Model: ZTE LOGICAL VOLUME (scsi)
Disk /dev/sdb: 88.0TB
Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/4096B
Partition Table: gpt
Disk Flags: Number  Start   End     Size    File system  Name  Flags1      17.4kB  17.6TB  17.6TB  xfs          sdb1

2.6 再依次划分其他盘

# mkpart                                                           
Partition name?  []? sdb2                                                 
File system type?  [ext2]? xfs                                            
Start? 20%                                                                
End? 40%                                                                  
(parted)                                                                  
(parted) priint 
Model: ZTE LOGICAL VOLUME (scsi)
Disk /dev/sdb: 88.0TB
Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/4096B
Partition Table: gpt
Disk Flags: Number  Start   End     Size    File system  Name  Flags1      17.4kB  17.6TB  17.6TB  xfs          sdb12      17.6TB  35.2TB  17.6TB  xfs          sdb2# mkpart                                                           
Partition name?  []? sdb3                                                 
File system type?  [ext2]? xfs                                            
Start? 40%                                                                
End? 60%                                                                  
(parted)                                                                  
(parted) mkpart
Partition name?  []? sdb4
File system type?  [ext2]? xfs                                            
Start? 60%                                                                
End? 80%                                                                  
(parted)                                                                  
(parted) mkpart                                                           
Partition name?  []? sdb5                                                 
File system type?  [ext2]? xfs                                            
Start? 80%                                                                
End? 100%                                                                 
(parted)
(parted) print                                                            
Model: ZTE LOGICAL VOLUME (scsi)
Disk /dev/sdb: 88.0TB
Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/4096B
Partition Table: gpt
Disk Flags: Number  Start   End     Size    File system  Name  Flags1      17.4kB  17.6TB  17.6TB  xfs          sdb12      17.6TB  35.2TB  17.6TB  xfs          sdb23      35.2TB  52.8TB  17.6TB  xfs          sdb34      52.8TB  70.4TB  17.6TB  xfs          sdb45      70.4TB  88.0TB  17.6TB  xfs          sdb5
(parted) quit                                                             
Information: You may need to update /etc/fstab.

2.7 格式化分区

quit退出parted交互，使用mkfs给新建的分区格式化

2.7.1  lsblk查看磁盘结构

# lsblk
NAME            MAJ:MIN RM   SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
sda               8:0    0 447.1G  0 disk 
├─sda1            8:1    0     5G  0 part /boot
└─sda2            8:2    0 442.1G  0 part ├─rootvg-root 253:0    0   100G  0 lvm  /├─rootvg-swap 253:1    0    32G  0 lvm  [SWAP]├─rootvg-bomc 253:2    0 130.1G  0 lvm  /bomc├─rootvg-home 253:3    0    80G  0 lvm  /home└─rootvg-var  253:4    0   100G  0 lvm  /var
sdb               8:16   0  80.1T  0 disk 
├─sdb1            8:17   0    16T  0 part 
├─sdb2            8:18   0    16T  0 part 
├─sdb3            8:19   0    16T  0 part 
├─sdb4            8:20   0    16T  0 part 
└─sdb5            8:21   0    16T  0 part 
sr0              11:0    1  1024M  0 rom  
[root@hkcrmlog08 ~]# 

2.7.2 fdisk -l 查看磁盘

# fdisk -l
Disk /dev/sda: 447.1 GiB, 480068075520 bytes, 937632960 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 4096 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 262144 bytes / 262144 bytes
Disklabel type: dos
Disk identifier: 0x604ee21eDevice     Boot    Start       End   Sectors   Size Id Type
/dev/sda1  *        2048  10487807  10485760     5G 83 Linux
/dev/sda2       10487808 937631743 927143936 442.1G 8e Linux LVMDisk /dev/sdb: 80.1 TiB, 88016821370880 bytes, 171907854240 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 4096 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 262144 bytes / 2883584 bytes
Disklabel type: gpt
Disk identifier: 72F44DFD-4B36-4ADD-8A51-40308B207C55Device            Start          End     Sectors Size Type
/dev/sdb1            34  34381570847 34381570814  16T Linux filesystem
/dev/sdb2   34381574656  68763143679 34381569024  16T Linux filesystem
/dev/sdb3   68763143680 103144712703 34381569024  16T Linux filesystem
/dev/sdb4  103144712704 137526281727 34381569024  16T Linux filesystem
/dev/sdb5  137526281728 171907850751 34381569024  16T Linux filesystemPartition 1 does not start on physical sector boundary.

2.7.3 对盘进行格式化

# mkfs.xfs /dev/sdb1
warning: device is not properly aligned /dev/sdb1
Use -f to force usage of a misaligned device
[root@hkcrmlog08 ~]# mkfs.xfs /dev/sdb2
meta-data=/dev/sdb2              isize=512    agcount=32, agsize=134303040 blks=                       sectsz=4096  attr=2, projid32bit=1=                       crc=1        finobt=1, sparse=1, rmapbt=0=                       reflink=1    bigtime=0 inobtcount=0
data     =                       bsize=4096   blocks=4297696128, imaxpct=5=                       sunit=64     swidth=704 blks
naming   =version 2              bsize=4096   ascii-ci=0, ftype=1
log      =internal log           bsize=4096   blocks=521728, version=2=                       sectsz=4096  sunit=1 blks, lazy-count=1
realtime =none                   extsz=4096   blocks=0, rtextents=0
[root@hkcrmlog08 ~]# mkfs.xfs /dev/sdb3
meta-data=/dev/sdb3              isize=512    agcount=32, agsize=134303040 blks=                       sectsz=4096  attr=2, projid32bit=1=                       crc=1        finobt=1, sparse=1, rmapbt=0=                       reflink=1    bigtime=0 inobtcount=0
data     =                       bsize=4096   blocks=4297696128, imaxpct=5=                       sunit=64     swidth=704 blks
naming   =version 2              bsize=4096   ascii-ci=0, ftype=1
log      =internal log           bsize=4096   blocks=521728, version=2=                       sectsz=4096  sunit=1 blks, lazy-count=1
realtime =none                   extsz=4096   blocks=0, rtextents=0
[root@hkcrmlog08 ~]# mkfs.xfs /dev/sdb4
meta-data=/dev/sdb4              isize=512    agcount=32, agsize=134303040 blks=                       sectsz=4096  attr=2, projid32bit=1=                       crc=1        finobt=1, sparse=1, rmapbt=0=                       reflink=1    bigtime=0 inobtcount=0
data     =                       bsize=4096   blocks=4297696128, imaxpct=5=                       sunit=64     swidth=704 blks
naming   =version 2              bsize=4096   ascii-ci=0, ftype=1
log      =internal log           bsize=4096   blocks=521728, version=2=                       sectsz=4096  sunit=1 blks, lazy-count=1
realtime =none                   extsz=4096   blocks=0, rtextents=0
[root@hkcrmlog08 ~]# 
[root@hkcrmlog08 ~]# mkfs.xfs /dev/sdb5
meta-data=/dev/sdb5              isize=512    agcount=32, agsize=134303040 blks=                       sectsz=4096  attr=2, projid32bit=1=                       crc=1        finobt=1, sparse=1, rmapbt=0=                       reflink=1    bigtime=0 inobtcount=0
data     =                       bsize=4096   blocks=4297696128, imaxpct=5=                       sunit=64     swidth=704 blks
naming   =version 2              bsize=4096   ascii-ci=0, ftype=1
log      =internal log           bsize=4096   blocks=521728, version=2=                       sectsz=4096  sunit=1 blks, lazy-count=1
realtime =none                   extsz=4096   blocks=0, rtextents=0
[root@hkcrmlog08 ~]# mkfs.xfs -f /dev/sdb1
warning: device is not properly aligned /dev/sdb1
meta-data=/dev/sdb1              isize=512    agcount=32, agsize=134303040 blks=                       sectsz=512   attr=2, projid32bit=1=                       crc=1        finobt=1, sparse=1, rmapbt=0=                       reflink=1    bigtime=0 inobtcount=0
data     =                       bsize=4096   blocks=4297696351, imaxpct=5=                       sunit=64     swidth=704 blks
naming   =version 2              bsize=4096   ascii-ci=0, ftype=1
log      =internal log           bsize=4096   blocks=521728, version=2=                       sectsz=512   sunit=64 blks, lazy-count=1
realtime =none                   extsz=4096   blocks=0, rtextents=0

2.8挂载磁盘

2.8.1 新建目录

mkdir /data01 /data02 /data03 /data04

2.8.2 修改/etc/fstab文件

/dev/sdb1   /data   xfs  defaults 0 0
/dev/sdb2   /data01   xfs  defaults 0 0
/dev/sdb3   /data02   xfs  defaults 0 0
/dev/sdb4   /data03   xfs  defaults 0 0
/dev/sdb5   /data03   xfs  defaults 0 0

2.8.3 挂载

# mount /dev/sdb1 /data
[root@hkcrmlog08 ~]# mount /dev/sdb2 /data01
[root@hkcrmlog08 ~]# mount /dev/sdb3 /data02
[root@hkcrmlog08 ~]# mount /dev/sdb4 /data03
[root@hkcrmlog08 ~]# mount /dev/sdb5 /data04
[root@hkcrmlog08 ~]# 
[root@hkcrmlog08 ~]# df -h
Filesystem               Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
devtmpfs                  94G     0   94G   0% /dev
tmpfs                     94G     0   94G   0% /dev/shm
tmpfs                     94G   42M   94G   1% /run
tmpfs                     94G     0   94G   0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/mapper/rootvg-root   98G  1.6G   92G   2% /
/dev/sda1                4.9G  245M  4.4G   6% /boot
/dev/mapper/rootvg-bomc  127G   28K  121G   1% /bomc
/dev/mapper/rootvg-home   79G   44K   75G   1% /home
/dev/mapper/rootvg-var    98G  610M   93G   1% /var
tmpfs                     19G     0   19G   0% /run/user/0
/dev/sdb1                 17T  115G   16T   1% /data
/dev/sdb2                 17T  115G   16T   1% /data01
/dev/sdb3                 17T  115G   16T   1% /data02
/dev/sdb4                 17T  115G   16T   1% /data03
/dev/sdb5                 17T  115G   16T   1% /data04

原因为哈，刚格式化后，磁盘就被占用100多G。应该是有地方能将此步骤节省出来，我没有找到。