十、Qt三维图表

一、Data Visualization模块概述

Data Visualization的三维显示功能主要有三种三维图形来实现，三各类的父类都是QAbstract3DGraph，从QWindow继承而来。这三类分别是：

• 三维柱状图Q3DBar
• 三维空间散点Q3DScatter
• 三维曲面Q3DSurface

1、相关类的继承关系

（1）图形类

QWindowQAbstract3DGraphQ3DBarQ3DScatterQ3DSurface

（2）数据序列类

QAbstract3DSeriesQBar3DSeriesQScatter3DSeriesQSurface3DSeries

（3）轴类

QAbstract3DAxisQCategory3DAxisQValue3DAxis

（4）数据代理类

数据代理类与序列对应，用于存储序列的数据的类。

QAbstractDataProxyQBarDataProxyQItemModelBarDataProxyQScatterDataProxyQItemModelScatterDataProxyQSurfaceDataProxyQHeightMapSurfaceDataProxyQItemModelSurfaceDataProxy

2、使用方法

（1）工程添加

QT += datavisualization

（2）代码中添加头文件与命名空间

#include <QtDataVisualization>
using namespace QtDataVisualization;

二、三维柱状图

1、实现程序

（1）创建项目，基于QMainWindow

（2）添加组件

（3）初始化

MainWindow::MainWindow(QWidget *parent) :QMainWindow(parent),ui(new Ui::MainWindow)
{ui->setupUi(this);QSplitter *splitter = new QSplitter(Qt::Horizontal);splitter->addWidget(ui->groupBox);initGraph3D();splitter->addWidget(createWindowContainer(graph3D));setCentralWidget(splitter);
}MainWindow::~MainWindow()
{delete ui;
}void MainWindow::initGraph3D()
{graph3D = new Q3DBars;// 创建坐标系统QStringList rowLabs, colLabs;rowLabs << "row1" << "row2" << "row3";colLabs << "col1" << "col2" << "col3" << "col4" << "col5";QValue3DAxis *axisV = new QValue3DAxis;axisV->setTitle("Value");axisV->setTitleVisible(true);QCategory3DAxis * axisCol = new QCategory3DAxis;axisCol->setTitle("Column");axisCol->setTitleVisible(true);axisCol->setLabels(colLabs);QCategory3DAxis * axisRow = new QCategory3DAxis;axisRow->setTitle("Row");axisRow->setTitleVisible(true);axisRow->setLabels(rowLabs);graph3D->setValueAxis(axisV);graph3D->setColumnAxis(axisCol);graph3D->setRowAxis(axisRow);// 创建数据序列QBar3DSeries *series = new QBar3DSeries;series->setMesh(QAbstract3DSeries::MeshCylinder); // 形状series->setItemLabelFormat("(@rowLabel,@colLabel):%.1f");// 添加数据QBarDataArray *dataArray = new QBarDataArray;dataArray->reserve(rowLabs.count()); // 三行数据qsrand(QTime::currentTime().second());for (int i = 0; i < rowLabs.count(); ++i){QBarDataRow *dataRow = new QBarDataRow;for (int j = 0; j < 5; ++j){(*dataRow) << (qrand() % 10);}dataArray->append(dataRow);}series->dataProxy()->resetArray(dataArray);graph3D->addSeries(series);
}

（4）实现功能

void MainWindow::on_cboxCarmera_currentIndexChanged(int index)
{graph3D->scene()->activeCamera()->setCameraPreset(Q3DCamera::CameraPreset(index));
}void MainWindow::on_hSliderLevel_valueChanged(int value)
{Q_UNUSED(value);int xRot = ui->hSliderLevel->value();int yRot = ui->hSliderVertical->value();int zoom = ui->hSliderScale->value();graph3D->scene()->activeCamera()->setCameraPosition(xRot, yRot, zoom);
}void MainWindow::on_hSliderVertical_valueChanged(int value)
{Q_UNUSED(value);int xRot = ui->hSliderLevel->value();int yRot = ui->hSliderVertical->value();int zoom = ui->hSliderScale->value();graph3D->scene()->activeCamera()->setCameraPosition(xRot, yRot, zoom);
}void MainWindow::on_hSliderScale_valueChanged(int value)
{Q_UNUSED(value);int xRot = ui->hSliderLevel->value();int yRot = ui->hSliderVertical->value();int zoom = ui->hSliderScale->value();graph3D->scene()->activeCamera()->setCameraPosition(xRot, yRot, zoom);
}void MainWindow::on_cboxTheme_currentIndexChanged(int index)
{graph3D->activeTheme()->setType(Q3DTheme::Theme(index));
}void MainWindow::on_cboxStyle_currentIndexChanged(int index)
{QBar3DSeries *series = graph3D->seriesList().at(0);series->setMesh(QAbstract3DSeries::Mesh(index));
}void MainWindow::on_cboxMode_currentIndexChanged(int index)
{graph3D->setSelectionMode(QAbstract3DGraph::SelectionFlags(index));
}void MainWindow::on_spinBoxFontSize_valueChanged(int arg1)
{QFont font = graph3D->activeTheme()->font();font.setPointSize(arg1);graph3D->activeTheme()->setFont(font);
}#include <QColorDialog>
void MainWindow::on_btnItemColor_clicked()
{QBar3DSeries *series = graph3D->seriesList().at(0);QColor color = series->baseColor();color = QColorDialog::getColor(color);if(color.isValid()){series->setBaseColor(color);}
}void MainWindow::on_checkBoxBack_clicked(bool checked)
{graph3D->activeTheme()->setBackgroundEnabled(checked);
}void MainWindow::on_checkBoxBackNetwork_clicked(bool checked)
{graph3D->activeTheme()->setGridEnabled(checked);
}void MainWindow::on_checkBoxSmooth_clicked(bool checked)
{QBar3DSeries *series = graph3D->seriesList().at(0);series->setMeshSmooth(checked);
}void MainWindow::on_checkBoxReflection_clicked(bool checked)
{graph3D->setReflection(checked);
}void MainWindow::on_checkBoxValueAxis_clicked(bool checked)
{graph3D->valueAxis()->setReversed(checked);
}void MainWindow::on_checkBoxItemLabel_clicked(bool checked)
{QBar3DSeries *series = graph3D->seriesList().at(0);series->setItemLabelVisible(checked);
}void MainWindow::on_checkBoxAxisBack_clicked(bool checked)
{graph3D->valueAxis()->setTitleVisible(checked);graph3D->rowAxis()->setTitleVisible(checked);graph3D->columnAxis()->setTitleVisible(checked);
}void MainWindow::on_checkBoxAxisLabelBack_clicked(bool checked)
{graph3D->activeTheme()->setLabelBackgroundEnabled(checked);
}

三、三维散点图

1、实现程序

（1）创建项目，基于QMainWindow

（2）实现功能

#include "mainwindow.h"
#include "ui_mainwindow.h"#include <QSplitter>MainWindow::MainWindow(QWidget *parent) :QMainWindow(parent),ui(new Ui::MainWindow)
{ui->setupUi(this);QSplitter *splitter = new QSplitter(Qt::Horizontal);splitter->addWidget(ui->groupBox);initGraph3D();splitter->addWidget(createWindowContainer(graph3D));setCentralWidget(splitter);
}MainWindow::~MainWindow()
{delete ui;
}void MainWindow::initGraph3D()
{graph3D = new Q3DScatter;// 创建坐标系统graph3D->axisX()->setTitle("X轴");graph3D->axisX()->setTitleVisible(true);graph3D->axisY()->setTitle("Y轴");graph3D->axisY()->setTitleVisible(true);graph3D->axisZ()->setTitle("Z轴");graph3D->axisZ()->setTitleVisible(true);// 创建数据序列QScatterDataProxy *porxy = new QScatterDataProxy;QScatter3DSeries *series = new QScatter3DSeries(porxy);//    series->setMesh(QAbstract3DSeries::MeshCylinder); // 形状series->setItemLabelFormat("(@rowLabel,@colLabel):%.1f");series->setItemSize(0.2);graph3D->addSeries(series);// 添加数据int N = 41;QScatterDataArray *dataArray = new QScatterDataArray;dataArray->resize(N * N);QScatterDataItem *item = &dataArray->first();// 摩西跟草帽算法float x, y, z;x = -10;for (int i = 0; i < N; ++i){y = -10;for (int j = 1; j <= N; ++j){z = qSqrt(x * x + y * y);if(z != 0){z = 10 * qSin(z) / z;}else{z = 10;}// 图形库的坐标系item->setPosition(QVector3D(x, z, y));item++;y += 0.5;}x += 0.5;}series->dataProxy()->resetArray(dataArray);
}void MainWindow::on_cboxCarmera_currentIndexChanged(int index)
{graph3D->scene()->activeCamera()->setCameraPreset(Q3DCamera::CameraPreset(index));
}void MainWindow::on_hSliderLevel_valueChanged(int value)
{Q_UNUSED(value);int xRot = ui->hSliderLevel->value();int yRot = ui->hSliderVertical->value();int zoom = ui->hSliderScale->value();graph3D->scene()->activeCamera()->setCameraPosition(xRot, yRot, zoom);
}void MainWindow::on_hSliderVertical_valueChanged(int value)
{Q_UNUSED(value);int xRot = ui->hSliderLevel->value();int yRot = ui->hSliderVertical->value();int zoom = ui->hSliderScale->value();graph3D->scene()->activeCamera()->setCameraPosition(xRot, yRot, zoom);
}void MainWindow::on_hSliderScale_valueChanged(int value)
{Q_UNUSED(value);int xRot = ui->hSliderLevel->value();int yRot = ui->hSliderVertical->value();int zoom = ui->hSliderScale->value();graph3D->scene()->activeCamera()->setCameraPosition(xRot, yRot, zoom);
}void MainWindow::on_cboxTheme_currentIndexChanged(int index)
{graph3D->activeTheme()->setType(Q3DTheme::Theme(index));
}void MainWindow::on_cboxStyle_currentIndexChanged(int index)
{QScatter3DSeries *series = graph3D->seriesList().at(0);series->setMesh(QAbstract3DSeries::Mesh(index));
}void MainWindow::on_cboxMode_currentIndexChanged(int index)
{graph3D->setSelectionMode(QAbstract3DGraph::SelectionFlags(index));
}void MainWindow::on_spinBoxFontSize_valueChanged(int arg1)
{QFont font = graph3D->activeTheme()->font();font.setPointSize(arg1);graph3D->activeTheme()->setFont(font);
}#include <QColorDialog>
void MainWindow::on_btnItemColor_clicked()
{QScatter3DSeries *series = graph3D->seriesList().at(0);QColor color = series->baseColor();color = QColorDialog::getColor(color);if(color.isValid()){series->setBaseColor(color);}
}void MainWindow::on_checkBoxBack_clicked(bool checked)
{graph3D->activeTheme()->setBackgroundEnabled(checked);
}void MainWindow::on_checkBoxBackNetwork_clicked(bool checked)
{graph3D->activeTheme()->setGridEnabled(checked);
}void MainWindow::on_checkBoxSmooth_clicked(bool checked)
{QScatter3DSeries *series = graph3D->seriesList().at(0);series->setMeshSmooth(checked);
}void MainWindow::on_checkBoxReflection_clicked(bool checked)
{graph3D->setReflection(checked);
}void MainWindow::on_checkBoxValueAxis_clicked(bool checked)
{graph3D->axisY()->setReversed(checked);
}void MainWindow::on_checkBoxItemLabel_clicked(bool checked)
{QScatter3DSeries *series = graph3D->seriesList().at(0);series->setItemLabelVisible(checked);
}void MainWindow::on_checkBoxAxisBack_clicked(bool checked)
{graph3D->axisY()->setTitleVisible(checked);graph3D->axisX()->setTitleVisible(checked);graph3D->axisZ()->setTitleVisible(checked);
}void MainWindow::on_checkBoxAxisLabelBack_clicked(bool checked)
{graph3D->activeTheme()->setLabelBackgroundEnabled(checked);
}

四、三维曲面图

1、实现程序

（1）创建项目，基于QMainWindow

（2）添加组件

（3）初始化

MainWindow::MainWindow(QWidget *parent) :QMainWindow(parent),ui(new Ui::MainWindow)
{ui->setupUi(this);QSplitter *splitter = new QSplitter;splitter->addWidget(ui->groupBox);init3DGraph();splitter->addWidget(createWindowContainer(graph3D));setCentralWidget(splitter);// 设置按钮的渐变色QLinearGradient lgColor1(0, 0, 100, 0);lgColor1.setColorAt(1.0, Qt::black);lgColor1.setColorAt(0.67, Qt::blue);lgColor1.setColorAt(0.33, Qt::red);lgColor1.setColorAt(0, Qt::yellow);QPixmap mp(160, 20);QPainter painter(&mp);painter.setBrush(lgColor1);painter.drawRect(0, 0, 160, 20);ui->btnColors1->setIcon(QIcon(mp));ui->btnColors1->setIconSize(QSize(160, 20));lgColor1.setColorAt(1.0, Qt::darkBlue);lgColor1.setColorAt(0.5, Qt::yellow);lgColor1.setColorAt(0.2, Qt::red);lgColor1.setColorAt(0, Qt::darkRed);painter.setBrush(lgColor1);painter.drawRect(0, 0, 160, 20);ui->btnColors2->setIcon(QIcon(mp));ui->btnColors2->setIconSize(QSize(160, 20));
}MainWindow::~MainWindow()
{delete ui;
}void MainWindow::init3DGraph()
{graph3D = new Q3DSurface;graph3D->axisX()->setTitle("X轴");graph3D->axisX()->setTitleVisible(true);graph3D->axisX()->setRange(-11, 11);graph3D->axisY()->setTitle("Y轴");graph3D->axisY()->setTitleVisible(true);graph3D->axisZ()->setTitle("Z轴");graph3D->axisZ()->setTitleVisible(true);graph3D->axisZ()->setRange(-11, 11);QSurfaceDataProxy *proxy = new QSurfaceDataProxy;series = new QSurface3DSeries(proxy);series->setDrawMode(QSurface3DSeries::DrawSurface);series->setMeshSmooth(true); // 光滑曲面graph3D->addSeries(series);QSurfaceDataArray *dataArray = new QSurfaceDataArray;// 摩西跟草帽算法int N = 41;dataArray->reserve(N);float x, y, z;x = -10;for (int i = 0; i < N; ++i){QSurfaceDataRow *newRow = new QSurfaceDataRow(N);y = -10;int index = 0;for (int j = 1; j <= N; ++j){z = qSqrt(x * x + y * y);if(z != 0){z = 10 * qSin(z) / z;}else{z = 10;}// 图形库的坐标系(*newRow)[index++].setPosition(QVector3D(x, z, y));y += 0.5;}x += 0.5;*dataArray << newRow;}series->dataProxy()->resetArray(dataArray);}

（4）设置颜色

#include <QColorDialog>
void MainWindow::on_btnOneColor_clicked()
{QColor color = series->baseColor();color = QColorDialog::getColor(color);if(color.isValid()){series->setBaseColor(color);series->setColorStyle(Q3DTheme::ColorStyleUniform);}
}void MainWindow::on_btnColors1_clicked()
{QLinearGradient lgColor1(0, 0, 100, 0);lgColor1.setColorAt(1.0, Qt::black);lgColor1.setColorAt(0.67, Qt::blue);lgColor1.setColorAt(0.33, Qt::red);lgColor1.setColorAt(0, Qt::yellow);series->setBaseGradient(lgColor1);series->setColorStyle(Q3DTheme::ColorStyleRangeGradient); //设置渐变色
}void MainWindow::on_btnColors2_clicked()
{QLinearGradient lgColor1(0, 0, 100, 0);lgColor1.setColorAt(1.0, Qt::darkBlue);lgColor1.setColorAt(0.5, Qt::yellow);lgColor1.setColorAt(0.2, Qt::red);lgColor1.setColorAt(0, Qt::darkRed);series->setBaseGradient(lgColor1);series->setColorStyle(Q3DTheme::ColorStyleRangeGradient);
}

五、三维地形图

1、实现程序

（1）拷贝上一个项目

（2）添加图片资源文件

（3）实现功能

#include "mainwindow.h"
#include "ui_mainwindow.h"#include <QSplitter>MainWindow::MainWindow(QWidget *parent) :QMainWindow(parent),ui(new Ui::MainWindow)
{ui->setupUi(this);QSplitter *splitter = new QSplitter;splitter->addWidget(ui->groupBox);init3DGraph();splitter->addWidget(createWindowContainer(graph3D));setCentralWidget(splitter);// 设置按钮的渐变色QLinearGradient lgColor1(0, 0, 100, 0);lgColor1.setColorAt(1.0, Qt::black);lgColor1.setColorAt(0.67, Qt::blue);lgColor1.setColorAt(0.33, Qt::red);lgColor1.setColorAt(0, Qt::yellow);QPixmap mp(160, 20);QPainter painter(&mp);painter.setBrush(lgColor1);painter.drawRect(0, 0, 160, 20);ui->btnColors1->setIcon(QIcon(mp));ui->btnColors1->setIconSize(QSize(160, 20));lgColor1.setColorAt(1.0, Qt::darkBlue);lgColor1.setColorAt(0.5, Qt::yellow);lgColor1.setColorAt(0.2, Qt::red);lgColor1.setColorAt(0, Qt::darkRed);painter.setBrush(lgColor1);painter.drawRect(0, 0, 160, 20);ui->btnColors2->setIcon(QIcon(mp));ui->btnColors2->setIconSize(QSize(160, 20));
}MainWindow::~MainWindow()
{delete ui;
}void MainWindow::init3DGraph()
{graph3D = new Q3DSurface;graph3D->axisX()->setTitle("东--西");graph3D->axisX()->setTitleVisible(true);graph3D->axisX()->setLabelFormat("%.2f米");graph3D->axisZ()->setTitle("南--北");graph3D->axisZ()->setTitleVisible(true);graph3D->axisY()->setTitle("海拔");graph3D->axisY()->setTitleVisible(true);QImage mapImage(":/images/images/map.png");QHeightMapSurfaceDataProxy *proxy = new QHeightMapSurfaceDataProxy(mapImage);proxy->setValueRanges(-5000, 5000, -5000, 5000);series = new QSurface3DSeries(proxy);series->setDrawMode(QSurface3DSeries::DrawSurface);graph3D->addSeries(series);
}void MainWindow::on_cboxSurfaceStyle_currentIndexChanged(int index)
{series->setDrawMode(QSurface3DSeries::DrawFlags(index + 1));
}#include <QColorDialog>
void MainWindow::on_btnOneColor_clicked()
{QColor color = series->baseColor();color = QColorDialog::getColor(color);if(color.isValid()){series->setBaseColor(color);series->setColorStyle(Q3DTheme::ColorStyleUniform);}
}void MainWindow::on_btnColors1_clicked()
{QLinearGradient lgColor1(0, 0, 100, 0);lgColor1.setColorAt(1.0, Qt::black);lgColor1.setColorAt(0.67, Qt::blue);lgColor1.setColorAt(0.33, Qt::red);lgColor1.setColorAt(0, Qt::yellow);series->setBaseGradient(lgColor1);series->setColorStyle(Q3DTheme::ColorStyleRangeGradient); //设置渐变色
}void MainWindow::on_btnColors2_clicked()
{QLinearGradient lgColor1(0, 0, 100, 0);lgColor1.setColorAt(1.0, Qt::darkBlue);lgColor1.setColorAt(0.5, Qt::yellow);lgColor1.setColorAt(0.2, Qt::red);lgColor1.setColorAt(0, Qt::darkRed);series->setBaseGradient(lgColor1);series->setColorStyle(Q3DTheme::ColorStyleRangeGradient);
}void MainWindow::on_cboxMode_currentIndexChanged(int index)
{switch (index){case 0:graph3D->setSelectionMode(QAbstract3DGraph::SelectionNone);break;case 1:graph3D->setSelectionMode(QAbstract3DGraph::SelectionItem);break;case 2:graph3D->setSelectionMode(QAbstract3DGraph::SelectionRow |QAbstract3DGraph::SelectionSlice);break;case 3:graph3D->setSelectionMode(QAbstract3DGraph::SelectionColumn |QAbstract3DGraph::SelectionSlice);break;default:break;}
}