MySQL全量备份

一、实验素材

1.创建student和score表

(1) student表

create database school;
use schoolCREATE TABLE student (
id INT(10) NOT NULL UNIQUE PRIMARY KEY ,
name VARCHAR(20) NOT NULL ,
sex VARCHAR(4) ,
birth YEAR,
department VARCHAR(20) ,
address VARCHAR(50)
);

(2) score表

CREATE TABLE score (
id INT(10) NOT NULL UNIQUE PRIMARY KEY AUTO_INCREMENT ,
stu_id INT(10) NOT NULL ,
c_name VARCHAR(20) ,
grade INT(10)
);

2.为student表和score表增加记录

(1) 向student表插入记录的INSERT语句如下

INSERT INTO student VALUES( 901,'张老大', '男',1985,'计算机系', '北京市海淀区');
INSERT INTO student VALUES( 902,'张老二', '男',1986,'中文系', '北京市昌平区');
INSERT INTO student VALUES( 903,'张三', '女',1990,'中文系', '湖南省永州市');
INSERT INTO student VALUES( 904,'李四', '男',1990,'英语系', '辽宁省阜新市');
INSERT INTO student VALUES( 905,'王五', '女',1991,'英语系', '福建省厦门市');
INSERT INTO student VALUES( 906,'王六', '男',1988,'计算机系', '湖南省衡阳市');

(2) 向score表插入记录的INSERT语句如下

INSERT INTO score VALUES(NULL,901, '计算机',98);
INSERT INTO score VALUES(NULL,901, '英语', 80);
INSERT INTO score VALUES(NULL,902, '计算机',65);
INSERT INTO score VALUES(NULL,902, '中文',88);
INSERT INTO score VALUES(NULL,903, '中文',95);
INSERT INTO score VALUES(NULL,904, '计算机',70);
INSERT INTO score VALUES(NULL,904, '英语',92);
INSERT INTO score VALUES(NULL,905, '英语',94);
INSERT INTO score VALUES(NULL,906, '计算机',90);
INSERT INTO score VALUES(NULL,906, '英语',85);

二、备份习题

注意：如果感觉每次输密码麻烦

[root@node7 ~]# echo 'export MYSQL_PWD=MySQL@123' >> ~/.bashrc #将密码写入环境变量
[root@node7 ~]# source ~/.bashrc

1、备份数据库school到/backup目录

[root@node7 ~]# mkdir /backup
[root@node7 ~]# mysqldump -B school > /backup/school1_date +%F.sql
[root@node7 ~]# ll /backup/
total 4
-rw-r–r-- 1 root root 3558 Feb 19 16:51 school_2024-02-19.sql
[root@node7 ~]# vim /backup/school1_2024-02-19.sql #可以看到内容
[root@node7 ~]# grep -i drop /backup/school1_2024-02-19.sql
DROP TABLE IF EXISTS score;
DROP TABLE IF EXISTS student;
注意：在MySQL8.0版本中默认有–add-drop-table这个选项

2、备份MySQL数据库为带删除表的格式，能够让该备份覆盖已有数据库而不需要手动删除原有数据库

--add-drop-table如果表存在，它将被删除，然后新的表会被创建

[root@node7 ~]# mysqldump --add-drop-table school > /backup/school_drop_date +%F.sql
#恢复时，如果表存在，它将被删除，然后新的表会被创建
[root@node7 ~]# vim /backup/school_drop_2024-02-19.sql
[root@node7 ~]# grep -i drop /backup/school_drop_2024-02-19.sql
DROP TABLE IF EXISTS score;
DROP TABLE IF EXISTS student;
注意：在MySQL8.0版本中默认有–add-drop-table这个选项，所以加不加都一样。

3、直接将MySQL数据库压缩备份

[root@node7 ~]# mysqldump -B school | gzip > /backup/school2_date +%F.sql
[root@node7 ~]# vim /backup/school2_2024-02-19.sql
[root@node7 ~]# zcat /backup/school2_2024-02-19.sql

4、备份MySQL数据库某个(些)表。此例备份student表

[root@node7 ~]# mysqldump school student > /backup/school3_date +%F.sql [root@node7 ~]# cat /backup/school3_2024-02-19.sql #只有student表的数据

 MySQL dump 10.13  Distrib 8.0.36, for Linux (x86_64)
--
-- Host: localhost    Database: school
-- ------------------------------------------------------
-- Server version       8.0.36/*!40101 SET @OLD_CHARACTER_SET_CLIENT=@@CHARACTER_SET_CLIENT */;
/*!40101 SET @OLD_CHARACTER_SET_RESULTS=@@CHARACTER_SET_RESULTS */;
/*!40101 SET @OLD_COLLATION_CONNECTION=@@COLLATION_CONNECTION */;
/*!50503 SET NAMES utf8mb4 */;
/*!40103 SET @OLD_TIME_ZONE=@@TIME_ZONE */;
/*!40103 SET TIME_ZONE='+00:00' */;
/*!40014 SET @OLD_UNIQUE_CHECKS=@@UNIQUE_CHECKS, UNIQUE_CHECKS=0 */;
/*!40014 SET @OLD_FOREIGN_KEY_CHECKS=@@FOREIGN_KEY_CHECKS, FOREIGN_KEY_CHECKS=0 */;
/*!40101 SET @OLD_SQL_MODE=@@SQL_MODE, SQL_MODE='NO_AUTO_VALUE_ON_ZERO' */;
/*!40111 SET @OLD_SQL_NOTES=@@SQL_NOTES, SQL_NOTES=0 */;--
-- Table structure for table `student`
--DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `student`;
/*!40101 SET @saved_cs_client     = @@character_set_client */;
/*!50503 SET character_set_client = utf8mb4 */;
CREATE TABLE `student` (`id` int NOT NULL,`name` varchar(20) NOT NULL,`sex` varchar(4) DEFAULT NULL,`birth` year DEFAULT NULL,`department` varchar(20) DEFAULT NULL,`address` varchar(50) DEFAULT NULL,PRIMARY KEY (`id`),UNIQUE KEY `id` (`id`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8mb4 COLLATE=utf8mb4_0900_ai_ci;
/*!40101 SET character_set_client = @saved_cs_client */;--
-- Dumping data for table `student`
--LOCK TABLES `student` WRITE;
/*!40000 ALTER TABLE `student` DISABLE KEYS */;
INSERT INTO `student` VALUES (901,'张老大','男',1985,'计算机系','北京市海淀区'),(902,'张老二','男',1986,'中文系','北京市昌平区'),(903,'张三','女',1990,'中文系','湖南省永州市'),(904,'李四','男',1990,'英语系','辽宁省阜新市'),(905,'王五','女',1991,'英语系','福建省厦门市'),(906,'王六','男',1988,'计算机系','湖南省衡阳市');
/*!40000 ALTER TABLE `student` ENABLE KEYS */;
UNLOCK TABLES;
/*!40103 SET TIME_ZONE=@OLD_TIME_ZONE */;/*!40101 SET SQL_MODE=@OLD_SQL_MODE */;
/*!40014 SET FOREIGN_KEY_CHECKS=@OLD_FOREIGN_KEY_CHECKS */;
/*!40014 SET UNIQUE_CHECKS=@OLD_UNIQUE_CHECKS */;
/*!40101 SET CHARACTER_SET_CLIENT=@OLD_CHARACTER_SET_CLIENT */;
/*!40101 SET CHARACTER_SET_RESULTS=@OLD_CHARACTER_SET_RESULTS */;
/*!40101 SET COLLATION_CONNECTION=@OLD_COLLATION_CONNECTION */;
/*!40111 SET SQL_NOTES=@OLD_SQL_NOTES */;-- Dump completed on 2024-02-19 17:21:31

``

5、同时备份多个MySQL数据库（其他数据库素材自行准备）

(1) 建表

create database db1;
use db1
CREATE TABLE `stu` (
`Sno` int(10) NOT NULL COMMENT '学号', `Sname` varchar(16) NOT NULL COMMENT
'姓名',
`Ssex` char(2) NOT NULL COMMENT '性别', `Sage` tinyint(2) NOT NULL DEFAULT '0'
COMMENT '学生年龄',
`Sdept` varchar(16) DEFAULT 'NULL' COMMENT '学生所在系别', PRIMARY KEY (`Sno`)
);

(2) 插入数据

INSERT INTO `stu` VALUES (1, '陆亚', '男', 24, '计算机网络'),(2, 'tom', '男',
26, '英语'),(3, '张阳', '男', 21, '物流管理'), (4, 'alex', '女', 22, '电子商务');

(3)备份

-B 或 --databases 用于备份多个数据库
[root@node7 ~]# mysqldump --databases school db1 > /backup/school4_date +%F.sql

[root@node7 ~]# grep school /backup/school4_2024-02-19.sql
– Host: localhost Database: school
– Current Database: school
CREATE DATABASE /!32312 IF NOT EXISTS/ school /*!40100 DEFAULT CHARACTER SET utf8mb4 COLLATE utf8mb4_0900_ai_ci / /!80016 DEFAULT ENCRYPTION=‘N’ */;
USE school;

[root@node7 ~]# grep db1 /backup/school4_2024-02-19.sql
– Current Database: db1
CREATE DATABASE /!32312 IF NOT EXISTS/ db1 /*!40100 DEFAULT CHARACTER SET utf8mb4 COLLATE utf8mb4_0900_ai_ci / /!80016 DEFAULT ENCRYPTION=‘N’ */;
USE db1;

6、仅仅备份数据库结构

-d：指定只导出数据库结构而不包含数据

[root@node7 ~]# mysqldump -d school > /backup/school5_date +%F.sql
[root@node7 ~]# grep -i insert /backup/school5_2024-02-19.sql #没有insert语句
[root@node7 ~]# echo $?
1

7、备份服务器上所有数据库

–all-databases 指所有数据库

[root@node7 ~]# mysqldump --all-databases > /backup/school6_date +%F.sql
[root@node7 ~]# mysql -e 'show databases'

+--------------------+
| Database           |
+--------------------+
| db1                |
| information_schema |
| mysql              |
| performance_schema |
| school             |
| sys                |
+--------------------+

[root@node7 ~]# grep -i ‘use db1’ /backup/school6_2024-02-19.sql
USE db1;
[root@node7 ~]# grep -i ‘use mysql’ /backup/school6_2024-02-19.sql
USE mysql;
[root@node7 ~]# grep -i ‘use school’ /backup/school6_2024-02-19.sql
USE school;

注意：information_schema MySQL的内部状态和配置信息、performance_schema服务器资源的使用情况、sys视图，这三个数据库不会备份

8、还原MySQL数据库

[root@node7 ~]# mysql -e 'drop database school'
[root@node7 ~]# mysql -e 'show databases'

+--------------------+
| Database           |
+--------------------+
| db1                |
| information_schema |
| mysql              |
| performance_schema |
| sys                |
+--------------------+

#mysql命令恢复
[root@node7 ~]# mysql < /backup/school1_2024-02-19.sql
[root@node7 ~]# mysql -e 'show databases'

+--------------------+
| Database           |
+--------------------+
| db1                |
| information_schema |
| mysql              |
| performance_schema |
| school             |
| sys                |
+--------------------+

#source恢复
[root@node7 ~]# mysql -e 'drop database school'
[root@node7 ~]# mysql -e 'source /backup/school1_2024-02-19.sql'
[root@node7 ~]# mysql -e 'show databases'

+--------------------+
| Database           |
+--------------------+
| db1                |
| information_schema |
| mysql              |
| performance_schema |
| school             |
| sys                |
+--------------------+

9、还原压缩的MySQL数据库

[root@node7 ~]# mysqldump -B school | gzip > /backup/school2_date +%F.sql
[root@node7 ~]# mysql -e 'drop database school'
[root@node7 ~]# mysql -e 'show databases'

+--------------------+
| Database           |
+--------------------+
| db1                |
| information_schema |
| mysql              |
| performance_schema |
| sys                |
+--------------------+

[root@node7 ~]# zcat /backup/school2_2024-02-19.sql | mysql
[root@node7 ~]# mysql -e 'show databases'

+--------------------+
| Database           |
+--------------------+
| db1                |
| information_schema |
| mysql              |
| performance_schema |
| school             |
| sys                |
+--------------------+

10、使用mydumper备份数据库

mydumper安装部署
[root@node7 ~]# wget -c https://github.com/mydumper/mydumper/releases/download/v0.15.1-3/mydumper-0.15.1-3.el8.x86_64.rpm
[root@node7 ~]# yum install mydumper-0.15.1-3.el8.x86_64.rpm
[root@node6 ~]# mydumper -B school -o /backup/
[root@node6 ~]# ll /backup/

total 32
drwx------ 2 root root 4096 Feb 19 19:01 2024-02-19_19-01-26
drwx------ 2 root root 4096 Feb 19 19:01 2024-02-19_19-01-44
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root  323 Feb 19 19:13 metadata
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root  155 Feb 19 19:13 school-schema-create.sql
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root    0 Feb 19 19:13 school-schema-triggers.sql
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root  352 Feb 19 19:13 school.score.00000.sql
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root  384 Feb 19 19:13 school.score-schema.sql
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root  503 Feb 19 19:13 school.student.00000.sql
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root  435 Feb 19 19:13 school.student-schema.sql

11、使用mydumper恢复数据库

[root@node6 ~]# mysql -e 'drop database school'
[root@node6 ~]# mysql -e 'show databases'

+--------------------+
| Database           |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql              |
| performance_schema |
| sys                |
+--------------------+

[root@node6 ~]# myloader -d /backup/ -o -B school
[root@node6 ~]# mysql -e 'show databases'

+--------------------+
| Database           |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql              |
| performance_schema |
| school             |
| sys                |
+--------------------+