【大数据】学习笔记

个人主页：丷从心·

系列专栏：大数据

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NAT配置

• 编辑$\to$虚拟网络编辑器$\to$移除$VMnet8\to$添加$VMnet8\to NAT$模式
• 初始化：桥接模式->$NAT$模式

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IP配置

DEVICE=eth0
BOOTPROTO=static
NM_CONTROLLED=yes
ONBOOT=yes
TYPE=Ethernet
IPADDR=192.168.123.10
NETMASK=255.255.255.0
GATEWAY=192.168.123.2
DNS1=202.106.0.20
HWADDR=00:0c:29:1e:d0:84

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SecureCRT配置

Properties

Terminal

• $Emulation$
• • $Terminal\to Linux$
• • $Scrollbackbuffer\to 128000$
• $Appearance$
• • $Currentcolorscheme\to Traditional$
• • $Characterencoding\to UTF-8$

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Java安装

环境变量配置

vim ~/.bashrc

export JAVA_HOME=/usr/local/src/jdk_1.8.0_111
export CLASSPATH=.:$CLASSPATH:$JAVA_HOME/lib
export PATH=$PATH:$JAVA_HOME/bin

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Hadoop安装

修改配置文件

hadoop-env.sh

vim hadoop-env.sh

export JAVA_HOME=${JAVA_HOME}

yarn-env.sh

vim yarn-env.sh

export JAVA_HOME=${JAVA_HOME}

slaves

vim slaves

slave1
slave2

core-site.xml

vim core-site.xml

<configuration><property><name>fs.defaultFS</name><value>hdfs://master:9000</value><description>指定默认的文件系统</description> </property><property><name>hadoop.tmp.dir</name><value>file:/usr/local/src/hadoop_2.6.1/tmp</value><description>Hadoop 临时文件存放目录</description> </property>
</configuration>

hdfs-site.xml

vim hdfs-site.xml

<configuration><property><name>dfs.namenode.secondary.http-address</name><value>master:9001</value><description>SecondaryNameNode 地址和端口</description> </property><property><name>dfs.namenode.name.dir</name><value>file:/usr/local/src/hadoop_2.6.1/dfs/name</value><description>fsimage 镜像存放目录</description> </property><property><name>dfs.datanode.data.dir</name><value>file:/usr/local/src/hadoop_2.6.1/dfs/data</value><description>HDFS 数据文件存放目录</description> </property><property><name>dfs.replication</name><value>3</value><description>Block 副本数</description> </property>
</configuration>

mapred-site.xml

cp mapred-site.xml.template mapred-site.xml

vim mapred-site.xml

<configuration><property><name>mapreduce.framework.name</name><value>yarn</value><description>指定运行 MapReduce 的环境是 Yarn</description> </property><property><name>mapreduce.map.memory.mb</name><value>1536</value><description>调度器为每个 Map Task 申请的内存数, 各 Job 也可以单独指定, 如果实际使用的资源量超过该值，则会被强制杀死</description> </property><property><name>mapreduce.map.java.opts</name><value>-Xmx1024M</value></property><property><name>mapreduce.reduce.memory.mb</name><value>3072</value><description>调度器为每个 Reduce Task 申请的内存数, 各 Job 也可以单独指定, 如果实际使用的资源量超过该值, 则会被强制杀死</description> </property><property><name>mapreduce.reduce.java.opts</name><value>-Xmx2560M</value></property><property><name>mapreduce.job.reduce.slowstart.completedmaps</name><value>0.1</value><description>当 Map Task 完成 10% 时, 为 Reduce Task 申请资源, Reduce Task 开始进行拷贝 Map Task 结果数据和执行 Reduce Shuffle 操作, 默认值为 0.05</description></property> <!--Hadoop 历史服务器--><property><name>mapreduce.jobhistory.address</name><value>master:10020</value><description>MapReduce JobHistory 服务器进程间通信地址</description></property><property><name>mapreduce.jobhistory.webapp.address</name><value>master:19888</value><description>MapReduce JobHistory 服务器的 Web UI</description></property><property><name>mapreduce.jobhistory.done-dir</name><value>/mr-history/done</value><description>已执行完毕的作业信息存放目录</description></property><property><name>mapreduce.jobhistory.intermediate-done-dir</name><value>/mr-history/tmp</value><description>正在运行的作业信息存放目录</description></property><property><name>yarn.app.mapreduce.am.staging-dir</name><value>/mr-history/hadoop-yarn</value><description>MapReduce 作业提交时所使用的临时目录</description></property> 
</configuration>

yarn-site.xml

vim yarn-site.xml

<configuration><property><name>yarn.nodemanager.aux-services</name><value>mapreduce_shuffle</value><description>NodeManager 上运行的附属服务</description> </property><property><name>yarn.nodemanager.aux-services.mapreduce.shuffle.class</name><value>org.apache.hadoop.mapred.ShuffleHandler</value></property><property><name>yarn.resourcemanager.address</name><value>master:8032</value><description>客户端访问 ResourceManager 的地址</description> </property><property><name>yarn.resourcemanager.scheduler.address</name><value>master:8030</value><description>ApplicationMaster 访问 ResourceManager 的地址</description> </property><property><name>yarn.resourcemanager.resource-tracker.address</name><value>master:8035</value><description>NodeManager 访问 ResourceManager 的地址</description> </property><property><name>yarn.resourcemanager.admin.address</name><value>master:8033</value><description>管理员访问 ResourceManager 的地址</description> </property><property><name>yarn.resourcemanager.webapp.address</name><value>master:8088</value><description>Web UI 访问 ResourceManager 的地址</description> </property><!--关闭内存检查--><property><name>yarn.nodemanager.pmem-check-enabled</name><value>false</value><description>是否启动一个线程检查每个任务正使用的物理内存量, 如果任务超出分配值, 则直接将其杀掉, 默认值为true</description></property><property><name>yarn.nodemanager.vmem-check-enabled</name><value>false</value><description>是否启动一个线程检查每个任务正使用的虚拟内存量, 如果任务超出分配值, 则直接将其杀掉, 默认值为true</description></property> <!--日志聚合--><property><name>yarn.log-aggregation-enable</name><value>true</value><description>开启日志聚合功能, 日志保存在 HDFS 上</description></property><property><name>yarn.log-aggregation.retain-seconds</name><value>86400</value><description>聚合后的日志在 HDFS 上的保存时间, 单位为秒</description> 	</property><property><name>yarn.log.server.url</name><value>http://master:19888/jobhistory/logs</value><description>日志聚合服务器 URL</description></property> 
</configuration>

环境变量配置

vim ~/.bashrc

export HADOOP_HOME=/usr/local/src/hadoop_2.6.1
export PATH=$PATH:$HADOOP_HOME/bin:$HADOOP_HOME/sbin

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IP与主机名映射关系配置

hostname配置

• $hostname$临时生效

hostname master

• $hostname$永久生效

vim /etc/sysconfig/network

NETWORKING=yes
HOSTNAME=master

映射关系配置

vim /etc/hosts

192.168.123.10 master
192.168.123.11 slave1
192.168.123.12 slave2

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关闭防火墙

防火墙临时关闭

systemctl stop firewalld.service

防火墙永久关闭

systemctl disable firewalld.service

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关闭SELinux

SELinux临时关闭

setenforce 0

SELinux永久关闭

vim /etc/selinux/config

SELINUX=disabled

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建立互信关系

ssh-keygen -t rsa

cd ~/.ssh

将公钥文件id_rsa.pub拷贝到authorized_keys

cat id_rsa.pub > authorized_keys

修改权限

chmod 600 authorized_keys

将slave_1、slave_2的公钥拷贝到master的authorized_keys

ssh slave1 cat /root/.ssh/id_rsa.pub >> /root/.ssh/authorized_keys

远程拷贝

scp -rp /root/.ssh/authorized_keys root@slave1:/root/.ssh/authorized_keys

测试互信关系

ssh slave1

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Hadoop启动

NameNode格式化

• 第一次启动$Hadoop$需要对$NameNode$进行格式化

hadoop namenode -format

报错解决

2734 -- main class information unavailable

rm -rf /tmp/hsperfdata_root/

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