C--贪吃蛇

前言

贪吃蛇游戏是一个耳熟能详的小游戏,本次我们讲解他的简单的实现,需要掌握基本的API知识(http://t.csdnimg.cn/uHH6y),简单的C语言知识和基本的数据结构链表

简单的准备工作

蛇的节点

在游戏运⾏的过程中，蛇每次吃⼀个⻝物，蛇的⾝体就会变⻓⼀节，如果我们使⽤链表存储蛇的信 息，那么蛇的每⼀节其实就是链表的每个节点。每个节点只要记录好蛇⾝节点在地图上的坐标就⾏， 所以蛇节点结构如下：

 typedef struct SnakeNode{int x;int y;struct SnakeNode* next;}SnakeNode, * pSnakeNode;

但是这样不好维护这一条蛇,要管理整条贪吃蛇，我们再封装⼀个Snake的结构来维护整条贪吃蛇

typedef struct Snake{pSnakeNode _pSnake;维护整条蛇的指针 
pSnakeNode _pFood;维护⻝物的指针 
enum DIRECTION _Dir;头的⽅向默认是向右 
enum GAME_STATUS _Status;游戏状态 
int _Socre;当前获得分数 
int _Add;默认每个⻝物10分 
int _SleepTime;每⾛⼀步休眠时间
}Snake, * pSnake;

开始前 void GameStart(pSnake ps)

游戏开始,先打印蛇的身体和地图,以及一些帮助的提示语句,先完成一些准备工作

void GameStart(pSnake ps){设置控制台窗⼝的⼤⼩，30⾏，100列 
//mode 为DOS命令system("mode con cols=100 lines=30");//设置cmd窗⼝名称system("title 贪吃蛇"); 
//获取标准输出的句柄(⽤来标识不同设备的数值) 
HANDLE hOutput = GetStdHandle(STD_OUTPUT_HANDLE); //影藏光标操作 
CONSOLE_CURSOR_INFO CursorInfo; //打印欢迎界⾯ 
WelcomeToGame(); //打印地图 
CreateMap(); //初始化蛇 
GetConsoleCursorInfo(hOutput, &CursorInfo);//获取控制台光标信息 
CursorInfo.bVisible = false; //隐藏控制台光标 
SetConsoleCursorInfo(hOutput, &CursorInfo);//设置控制台光标状态 
InitSnake(ps);//创造第⼀个⻝物 
CreateFood(ps);}

void WelcomeToGame()

在游戏正式开始之前，做⼀些功能提醒,来让玩家了解游戏方法与规则,其中SetPos是一个已经封装后的函数,可以把这个字体打在这个坐标

 void WelcomeToGame(){SetPos(40, 15);printf("欢迎来到贪吃蛇⼩游戏");SetPos(40, 25);//让按任意键继续的出现的位置好看点 
system("pause");system("cls");SetPos(25, 12);printf("⽤ ↑ . ↓ . ← . → 分别控制蛇的移动， F3为加速，F4为减速\n");SetPos(25, 13);printf("加速将能得到更⾼的分数。\n");SetPos(40, 25);//让按任意键继续的出现的位置好看点 
system("pause");system("cls");}

void CreateMap()

创建地图就是将强打印出来，因为是宽字符打印，所有使⽤wprintf函数，打印格式串前使⽤L 打印地图的关键是要算好坐标，才能在想要的位置打印墙体。

 void CreateMap(){int i = 0;//上(0,0)-(56, 0) 
SetPos(0, 0);for (i = 0; i < 58; i += 2){wprintf(L"%c", WALL);} //下(0,26)-(56, 26)  SetPos(0, 26); for (i = 0; i < 58; i += 2){ wprintf(L"%c", WALL);} //左//x是0，y从1开始增⻓ 
for (i = 1; i < 26; i++){SetPos(0, i);wprintf(L"%c", WALL);}  //是56y从1开始增⻓ 
for (i = 1; i < 26; i++){SetPos(56, i);wprintf(L"%c", WALL);}} 

  void InitSnake(pSnake ps)

蛇最开始⻓度为5节，每节对应链表的⼀个节点，蛇⾝的每⼀个节点都有⾃⼰的坐标。 创建5个节点，然后将每个节点存放在链表中进⾏管理。创建完蛇⾝后，将蛇的每⼀节打印在屏幕上。 再设置当前游戏的状态，蛇移动的速度，默认的⽅向，初始成绩，蛇的状态，每个⻝物的分数。

void InitSnake(pSnake ps){pSnakeNode cur = NULL;int i = 0;//创建蛇⾝节点，并初始化坐标 //头插法for (i = 0; i < 5; i++){//创建蛇⾝的节点 cur = (pSnakeNode)malloc(sizeof(SnakeNode));if (cur == NULL){perror("InitSnake()::malloc()");return;}//设置坐标 cur->next = NULL;cur->x = POS_X + i * 2;cur->y = POS_Y;//头插法 if (ps->_pSnake == NULL){ps->_pSnake = cur;}else{cur->next = ps->_pSnake;ps->_pSnake = cur;}}//打印蛇的⾝体cur = ps->_pSnake;while (cur){SetPos(cur->x, cur->y);wprintf(L"%c", BODY);cur = cur->next;}//
初始化贪吃蛇数据 
ps->_SleepTime = 200;ps->_Socre = 0;ps->_Status = OK;ps->_Dir = RIGHT;ps->_Add = 10;}

 void CreateFood(pSnake ps)

先随机⽣成⻝物的坐标 ◦

• x坐标必须是2的倍数 ◦
• ⻝物的坐标不能和蛇⾝每个节点的坐标重复 
• 创建⻝物节点，打印⻝物

 void CreateFood(pSnake ps){int x = 0;int y = 0;again://产⽣的x坐标应该是2倍数，这样才可能和蛇头坐标对⻬。 do{x = rand() % 53 + 2;y = rand() % 25 + 1;} while (x % 2 != 0);pSnakeNode cur = ps->_pSnake;//获取指向蛇头的指针//⻝物不能和蛇⾝冲突while (cur){if (cur->x == x && cur->y == y){goto again;}cur = cur->next;}pSnakeNode pFood = (pSnakeNode)malloc(sizeof(SnakeNode)); //创建⻝物if (pFood == NULL){perror("CreateFood::malloc()");return;}else{pFood->x = x;pFood->y = y;SetPos(pFood->x, pFood->y);wprintf(L"%c", FOOD);ps->_pFood = pFood;}}

游戏进行 void GameRun(pSnake ps)

游戏运⾏期间，右侧打印帮助信息，提⽰玩家 根据游戏状态检查游戏是否继续，如果是状态是OK，游戏继续，否则游戏结束。 如果游戏继续，就是检测按键情况，确定蛇下⼀步的⽅向，或者是否加速减速，是否暂停或者退出游 戏。 确定了蛇的⽅向和速度，蛇就可以移动了。

 void GameRun(pSnake ps){//打印右侧帮助信息
PrintHelpInfo();do{SetPos(64, 10); printf("得分：%d ", ps->_Socre);printf("每个⻝物得分：%d分", ps->_Add);if (KEY_PRESS(VK_UP) && ps->_Dir != DOWN){ps->_Dir = UP;}else if (KEY_PRESS(VK_DOWN) && ps->_Dir != UP){ps->_Dir = DOWN;}else if (KEY_PRESS(VK_LEFT) && ps->_Dir != RIGHT){ps->_Dir = LEFT;}else if (KEY_PRESS(VK_RIGHT) && ps->_Dir != LEFT){ps->_Dir = RIGHT;}else if (KEY_PRESS(VK_SPACE)){pause();}else if (KEY_PRESS(VK_ESCAPE)){ps->_Status = END_NOMAL;break;}else if (KEY_PRESS(VK_F3)){if (ps->_SleepTime >= 50){ps->_SleepTime -= 30;ps->_Add += 2;}}else if (KEY_PRESS(VK_F4)){if (ps->_SleepTime < 350){ps->_SleepTime += 30;ps->_Add -= 2;if (ps->_SleepTime == 350){ps->_Add = 1;}}}//蛇每次⼀定之间要休眠的时间，时间短，蛇移动速度就快Sleep(ps->_SleepTime);SnakeMove(ps);} while (ps->_Status == OK);}

  int NextIsFood(pSnakeNode psn, pSnake ps)

是一个判断下一个位置是食物的函数,会在下面SnakeMove起到作用,是食物的话将吃掉,不是的话将继续按按键运动

 
int NextIsFood(pSnakeNode psn, pSnake ps){return (psn->x == ps->_pFood->x) && (psn->y == ps->_pFood->y);}

 void NoFood(pSnakeNode psn, pSnake ps)

将下⼀个节点头插⼊蛇的⾝体，并将之前蛇⾝最后⼀个节点打印为空格，放弃掉蛇⾝的最后⼀个节点,在时间是毫米的瞬间完成,造成移动的效果

void NoFood(pSnakeNode psn, pSnake ps){//头插法 
psn->next = ps->_pSnake;ps->_pSnake = psn;pSnakeNode cur = ps->_pSnake;//打印蛇 
while (cur->next->next){SetPos(cur->x, cur->y);wprintf(L"%c", BODY);}//最后⼀个位置打印空格，然后释放节点 
SetPos(cur->next->x, cur->next->y);printf("  ");free(cur->next);cur->next = NULL;}

void SnakeMove(pSnake ps)

蛇⾝移动先创建下⼀个节点，根据移动⽅向和蛇头的坐标，蛇移动到下⼀个位置的坐标。 确定了下⼀个位置后，看下⼀个位置是否是⻝物（NextIsFood），是⻝物就做吃⻝物处理 （EatFood），如果不是⻝物则做前进⼀步的处理（NoFood）。 蛇⾝移动后，判断此次移动是否会造成撞墙（KillByWall）或者撞上⾃⼰蛇⾝（KillBySelf），从⽽影 响游戏的状态

 void SnakeMove(pSnake ps){//创建下⼀个节点 
pSnakeNode pNextNode = (pSnakeNode)malloc(sizeof(SnakeNode));if (pNextNode == NULL){perror("SnakeMove()::malloc()");return;} //确定下⼀个节点的坐标，下⼀个节点的坐标根据，蛇头的坐标和⽅向确定 
switch (ps->_Dir){case UP:{pNextNode->x = ps->_pSnake->x;pNextNode->y = ps->_pSnake->y - 1;}break;case DOWN:{pNextNode->x = ps->_pSnake->x;pNextNode->y = ps->_pSnake->y + 1;}break;case LEFT:{pNextNode->x = ps->_pSnake->x - 2;pNextNode->y = ps->_pSnake->y;}break;case RIGHT:{pNextNode->x = ps->_pSnake->x + 2;pNextNode->y = ps->_pSnake->y;}break;}//如果下⼀个位置就是⻝物if (NextIsFood(pNextNode, ps)){EatFood(pNextNode, ps);}else//如果没有⻝物 {NoFood(pNextNode, ps);}KillByWall(ps);KillBySelf(ps);}

游戏结束 void GameEnd(pSnake ps)

游戏结束 游戏状态不再是OK（游戏继续）的时候，要告知游戏技术的原因，并且释放蛇⾝节点。

 void GameEnd(pSnake ps){pSnakeNode cur = ps->_pSnake;SetPos(24, 12);switch (ps->_Status){case END_NOMAL:printf("您主动退出游戏\n");break;case KILL_BY_SELF: printf("您撞上⾃⼰了 ,游戏结束!\n");break;case KILL_BY_WALL:
printf("您撞墙了,游戏结束!\n"); } //释放蛇⾝的节点 
while (cur){pSnakeNode del = cur;cur = cur->next;free(del);}}

源码

test.c

 #include "Snake.h"#include <locale.h>void test(){int ch = 0;srand((unsigned int)time(NULL));do{Snake snake = { 0 };GameStart(&snake);GameRun(&snake);GameEnd(&snake);SetPos(20, 15);printf("再来⼀局吗？(Y/N):");ch = getchar();getchar();//清理\n } while (ch == 'Y');SetPos(0, 27);}int main(){//修改当前地区为本地模式，为了⽀持中⽂宽字符的打印setlocale(LC_ALL, ""); 
test();return 0;}

snake.h

 #pragma once#include <windows.h>#include <time.h>#include <stdio.h>#define KEY_PRESS(VK)  ((GetAsyncKeyState(VK)&0x1) ? 1 : 0)//⽅向
enum DIRECTION{UP = 1,DOWN,LEFT,RIGHT};//游戏状态 
enum GAME_STATUS{OK,//正常运⾏ 
KILL_BY_WALL,//撞墙 
KILL_BY_SELF,//咬到⾃⼰ 
END_NOMAL//正常结束 
};#define WALL L'□' 
#define BODY L'●'  // ★ ○● ◇◆ □■ 
#define FOOD L' ★ '  // ★ ○● ◇◆ □■ //蛇的初始位置 
#define POS_X 24#define POS_Y 5 //蛇⾝节点typedef struct SnakeNode{int x;int y;struct SnakeNode* next;}SnakeNode, * pSnakeNode;typedef struct Snake{pSnakeNode _pSnake;//整条蛇的指针 
pSnakeNode _pFood;//维护⻝物的指针 
enum DIRECTION _Dir;//蛇头的⽅向默认是向右 
enum GAME_STATUS _Status;//游戏状态 
int _Socre;//当前获得分数 
int _Add;//默认每个⻝物 
int _SleepTime;//每⾛⼀步休眠时间 
}Snake, * pSnake;//游戏开始前的初始化 
void GameStart(pSnake ps); //游戏运⾏过程 
void GameRun(pSnake ps); //结束 
void GameEnd(pSnake ps); //设置光标的坐标 
void SetPos(short x, short y); //欢迎界⾯ 
void WelcomeToGame(); //打印帮助信息 
void PrintHelpInfo(); //创建地图 
void CreateMap();//初始化蛇 
void InitSnake(pSnake ps); //⻝物 
void CreateFood(pSnake ps);暂停响应 
void pause(); //下⼀个节点是⻝物int NextIsFood(pSnakeNode psn, pSnake ps); //吃⻝物 
void EatFood(pSnakeNode psn, pSnake ps); //不吃⻝物 
void NoFood(pSnakeNode psn, pSnake ps); //撞墙检测 
int KillByWall(pSnake ps); //撞⾃⾝检测 
int KillBySelf(pSnake ps); //蛇的移动 
void SnakeMove(pSnake ps); //游戏初始化 
void GameStart(pSnake ps); //游戏运⾏ 
void GameRun(pSnake ps); //游戏结束void GameEnd(pSnake ps);

snake.cpp

 #include "Snake.h"//设置光标的坐标 
void SetPos(short x, short y){COORD pos = { x, y };HANDLE hOutput = NULL;//获取标准输出的句柄(⽤来标识不同设备的数值) 
hOutput = GetStdHandle(STD_OUTPUT_HANDLE);//设置标准输出上光标的位置为
pos SetConsoleCursorPosition(hOutput, pos);}void WelcomeToGame(){SetPos(40, 15);printf("欢迎来到贪吃蛇⼩游戏");SetPos(40, 25);//让按任意键继续的出现的位置好看点 
system("pause");system("cls");SetPos(25, 12);printf("⽤ ↑ . ↓ . ← . → 控制蛇的移动， F3为加速，F4为减速\n");SetPos(25, 13);printf("加速将能得到更⾼的分数。\n");SetPos(40, 25);//让按任意键继续的出现的位置好看点 
system("pause");system("cls"); } void CreateMap(){int i = 0;//上(0,0)-(56, 0) 
SetPos(0, 0);for (i = 0; i < 58; i += 2){wprintf(L"%c", WALL);}//
下(0,26)-(56, 26) 
SetPos(0, 26);for (i = 0; i < 58; i += 2){wprintf(L"%c", WALL);}//左 
//x0，y从1开始增⻓ 
for (i = 1; i < 26; i++){SetPos(0, i);wprintf(L"%c", WALL);}//56，从开始增⻓ 
for (i = 1; i < 26; i++){SetPos(56, i);wprintf(L"%c", WALL);}}
void InitSnake(pSnake ps){pSnakeNode cur = NULL;int i = 0;//创建蛇⾝节点，并初始化坐标//头插法for (i = 0; i < 5; i++){//创建蛇⾝的节点cur = (pSnakeNode)malloc(sizeof(SnakeNode));if (cur == NULL){perror("InitSnake()::malloc()");return;}//设置坐标cur->next = NULL;cur->x = POS_X + i * 2;cur->y = POS_Y;//头插法if (ps->_pSnake == NULL){ps->_pSnake = cur;}else{cur->next = ps->_pSnake;ps->_pSnake = cur;}}//打印蛇的⾝体 cur = ps->_pSnake;while (cur){SetPos(cur->x, cur->y);wprintf(L"%c", BODY);cur = cur->next;}//初始化贪吃蛇数据ps->_SleepTime = 200;ps->_Socre = 0;ps->_Status = OK;ps->_Dir = RIGHT;ps->_Add = 10;}void CreateFood(pSnake ps){int x = 0;int y = 0;again://产⽣的x坐标应该是2的倍数，这样才可能和蛇头坐标对⻬。do{x = rand() % 53 + 2;y = rand() % 25 + 1;} while (x % 2 != 0);pSnakeNode cur = ps->_pSnake;//指向蛇头的指针     //⻝物不能和蛇⾝冲突while (cur){if (cur->x == x && cur->y == y){goto again;}cur = cur->next;}pSnakeNode pFood = (pSnakeNode)malloc(sizeof(SnakeNode)); //
创建⻝物if (pFood == NULL){perror("CreateFood::malloc()");return;}else{pFood->x = x;pFood->y = y;SetPos(pFood->x, pFood->y);wprintf(L"%c", FOOD);ps->_pFood = pFood;}}void PrintHelpInfo(){}void pause()//暂停 
{打印提⽰信息 
SetPos(64, 15);printf("不能穿墙，不能咬到⾃⼰\n");SetPos(64, 16);printf("⽤↑.↓.←.→分别控制蛇的移动.");SetPos(64, 17);printf("F1 为加速，F2 为减速\n");SetPos(64, 18);printf("ESC ：退出游戏.space：暂停游戏.");SetPos(64, 20);while (1){Sleep(300);if (KEY_PRESS(VK_SPACE)){break;}}}//pSnakeNode psn 是下⼀个节点的地址 
//pSnake ps 维护蛇的指针 
int NextIsFood(pSnakeNode psn, pSnake ps){return (psn->x == ps->_pFood->x) && (psn->y == ps->_pFood->y);}//pSnakeNode psn 是下⼀个节点的地址 
//pSnake ps 维护蛇的指针 
void EatFood(pSnakeNode psn, pSnake ps){//头插法 
psn->next = ps->_pSnake;ps->_pSnake = psn;pSnakeNode cur = ps->_pSnake;//打印蛇 
while (cur){SetPos(cur->x, cur->y);wprintf(L"%c", BODY);cur = cur->next;}ps->_Socre += ps->_Add;free(ps->_pFood);CreateFood(ps);}//pSnakeNode psn 
是下⼀个节点的地址//pSnake ps 
维护蛇的指针void NoFood(pSnakeNode psn, pSnake ps){//头插法psn->next = ps->_pSnake;ps->_pSnake = psn;pSnakeNode cur = ps->_pSnake; //打印蛇 
while (cur->next->next){SetPos(cur->x, cur->y);wprintf(L"%c", BODY);cur = cur->next;}//最后⼀个位置打印空格，然后释放节点 
SetPos(cur->next->x, cur->next->y);printf("  ");free(cur->next);cur->next = NULL;}//pSnake ps 
维护蛇的指针
int KillByWall(pSnake ps){if ((ps->_pSnake->x == 0)|| (ps->_pSnake->x == 56)|| (ps->_pSnake->y == 0)|| (ps->_pSnake->y == 26)){ps->_Status = KILL_BY_WALL;return 1;}return 0;}//pSnake ps 
维护蛇的指针 
int KillBySelf(pSnake ps){pSnakeNode cur = ps->_pSnake->next;while (cur){if ((ps->_pSnake->x == cur->x)&& (ps->_pSnake->y == cur->y)){ps->_Status = KILL_BY_SELF;return 1;}cur = cur->next;}return 0;}void SnakeMove(pSnake ps){//创建下⼀个节点 pSnakeNode pNextNode = (pSnakeNode)malloc(sizeof(SnakeNode));if (pNextNode == NULL){perror("SnakeMove()::malloc()");return;}//
确定下⼀个节点的坐标，下⼀个节点的坐标根据，蛇头的坐标和⽅向确定switch (ps->_Dir){case UP:{pNextNode->x = ps->_pSnake->x;pNextNode->y = ps->_pSnake->y - 1;}break;case DOWN:{pNextNode->x = ps->_pSnake->x;pNextNode->y = ps->_pSnake->y + 1;}break;case LEFT:{pNextNode->x = ps->_pSnake->x - 2;pNextNode->y = ps->_pSnake->y;}break;case RIGHT:{pNextNode->x = ps->_pSnake->x + 2;pNextNode->y = ps->_pSnake->y;}break;}//如果下⼀个位置就是⻝物if (NextIsFood(pNextNode, ps)){EatFood(pNextNode, ps);}else//如果没有⻝物{NoFood(pNextNode, ps);}KillByWall(ps);KillBySelf(ps);}void GameStart(pSnake ps){//设置控制台窗⼝的⼤⼩，30⾏，100 //mode 为DOS命令 system("mode con cols=100 lines=30");//设置cmd窗⼝名称 system("title 贪吃蛇"); //获取标准输出的句柄(来标识不同设备的数值) HANDLE hOutput = GetStdHandle(STD_OUTPUT_HANDLE);  //影藏光标操作CONSOLE_CURSOR_INFO CursorInfo;GetConsoleCursorInfo(hOutput, &CursorInfo);//获取控制台光标信息CursorInfo.bVisible = false; //隐藏控制台光标 SetConsoleCursorInfo(hOutput, &CursorInfo);//设置控制台光标状态 //打印欢迎界⾯ WelcomeToGame();   //打印地图 CreateMap();   //初始化蛇InitSnake(ps);  /创造第⼀个⻝物CreateFood(ps);}void GameRun(pSnake ps){    //打印右侧帮助信息PrintHelpInfo();do{SetPos(64, 10);printf("得分：%d ", ps->_Socre);        printf("每个⻝物得分：%d分", ps->_Add);if (KEY_PRESS(VK_UP) && ps->_Dir != DOWN){ps->_Dir = UP;}else if (KEY_PRESS(VK_DOWN) && ps->_Dir != UP){ps->_Dir = DOWN;}else if (KEY_PRESS(VK_LEFT) && ps->_Dir != RIGHT){ps->_Dir = LEFT;}else if (KEY_PRESS(VK_RIGHT) && ps->_Dir != LEFT){ps->_Dir = RIGHT;}else if (KEY_PRESS(VK_SPACE)){pause();}else if (KEY_PRESS(VK_ESCAPE)){ps->_Status = END_NOMAL;break;}else if (KEY_PRESS(VK_F3)){if (ps->_SleepTime >= 50){ps->_SleepTime -= 30;ps->_Add += 2;}}else if (KEY_PRESS(VK_F4)){if (ps->_SleepTime < 350){ps->_SleepTime += 30;ps->_Add -= 2;if (ps->_SleepTime == 350){ps->_Add = 1;}}}//蛇每次⼀定之间要休眠的时间，时间短，蛇移动速度就快Sleep(ps->_SleepTime);SnakeMove(ps);} while (ps->_Status == OK);}void GameEnd(pSnake ps){pSnakeNode cur = ps->_pSnake;SetPos(24, 12);switch (ps->_Status){case END_NOMAL:        printf("您主动退出游戏\n");break;case KILL_BY_SELF:printf("您撞上⾃⼰了 ,游戏结束!\n");        break;case KILL_BY_WALL:printf("您撞墙了,游戏结束!\n");break;}//释放蛇⾝的节点 while (cur){pSnakeNode del = cur;cur = cur->next;free(del);}}

总结

贪吃蛇小游戏是一个有趣的小游戏,也让我学到了很多,希望大家多多支持!!!