【POSIX】运行时so库动态加载

运行时可以自己自定义so库的动态加载框架，主动去加载某些库，并调用其中的某些方法

首先写一些方法，并生成so库

// hello.cpp#include <iostream>/*使用 nm 命令查看 so 库的内容
*/// 1. 使用extern
// dlsym(handle, "hello")
extern "C"
void hello() {std::cout << "hello" << std::endl;
}// 2. 不使用extern
// dlsym(handle, "_Z2hiv")
void hi() {std::cout << "hi" << std::endl;
}// _Z3addi
int add(int a) {return a + 1;
}

编译为so库：

c++ -shared -std=c++11 hello.cpp -o hello.so

此时可以通过nm命令看看so库的内容

nm hello.so 
0000000000003efc s GCC_except_table38
0000000000003f10 s GCC_except_table43
0000000000003e84 s GCC_except_table6
0000000000003ec4 s GCC_except_table7
0000000000003ed8 s GCC_except_table9U __Unwind_Resume
00000000000032d0 T __Z2hiv
0000000000003300 T __Z3addi
0000000000003ab0 t __ZNKSt3__112basic_stringIcNS_11char_traitsIcEENS_9allocatorIcEEE13__get_pointerB7v160006Ev
0000000000003b60 t __ZNKSt3__112basic_stringIcNS_11char_traitsIcEENS_9allocatorIcEEE18__get_long_pointerB7v160006Ev
0000000000003b80 t __ZNKSt3__112basic_stringIcNS_11char_traitsIcEENS_9allocatorIcEEE19__get_short_pointerB7v160006Ev
0000000000003920 t __ZNKSt3__112basic_stringIcNS_11char_traitsIcEENS_9allocatorIcEEE4dataB7v160006Ev
0000000000003b00 t __ZNKSt3__112basic_stringIcNS_11char_traitsIcEENS_9allocatorIcEEE9__is_longB7v160006Ev
0000000000003540 t __ZNKSt3__113basic_ostreamIcNS_11char_traitsIcEEE6sentrycvbB7v160006Ev
0000000000003bc0 t __ZNKSt3__117__compressed_pairINS_12basic_stringIcNS_11char_traitsIcEENS_9allocatorIcEEE5__repES5_E5firstB7v160006Ev
0000000000003840 t __ZNKSt3__119ostreambuf_iteratorIcNS_11char_traitsIcEEE6failedB7v160006Ev
0000000000003be0 t __ZNKSt3__122__compressed_pair_elemINS_12basic_stringIcNS_11char_traitsIcEENS_9allocatorIcEEE5__repELi0ELb0EE5__getB7v160006Ev
0000000000003d90 t __ZNKSt3__15ctypeIcE5widenB7v160006EcU __ZNKSt3__16locale9use_facetERNS0_2idE
00000000000037b0 t __ZNKSt3__18ios_base5flagsB7v160006Ev
0000000000003c80 t __ZNKSt3__18ios_base5rdbufB7v160006Ev
00000000000038a0 t __ZNKSt3__18ios_base5widthB7v160006EvU __ZNKSt3__18ios_base6getlocEv
00000000000037d0 t __ZNKSt3__19basic_iosIcNS_11char_traitsIcEEE4fillB7v160006Ev
0000000000003c60 t __ZNKSt3__19basic_iosIcNS_11char_traitsIcEEE5rdbufB7v160006Ev
0000000000003cd0 t __ZNKSt3__19basic_iosIcNS_11char_traitsIcEEE5widenB7v160006Ec
0000000000003ca0 T __ZNSt3__111char_traitsIcE11eq_int_typeEii
0000000000003cc0 T __ZNSt3__111char_traitsIcE3eofEv
0000000000003500 T __ZNSt3__111char_traitsIcE6lengthEPKc
0000000000003aa0 t __ZNSt3__112__to_addressB7v160006IKcEEPT_S3_U __ZNSt3__112basic_stringIcNS_11char_traitsIcEENS_9allocatorIcEEE6__initEmc
00000000000038f0 t __ZNSt3__112basic_stringIcNS_11char_traitsIcEENS_9allocatorIcEEEC1B7v160006Emc
0000000000003980 t __ZNSt3__112basic_stringIcNS_11char_traitsIcEENS_9allocatorIcEEEC2B7v160006EmcU __ZNSt3__112basic_stringIcNS_11char_traitsIcEENS_9allocatorIcEEED1EvU __ZNSt3__113basic_ostreamIcNS_11char_traitsIcEEE3putEcU __ZNSt3__113basic_ostreamIcNS_11char_traitsIcEEE5flushEvU __ZNSt3__113basic_ostreamIcNS_11char_traitsIcEEE6sentryC1ERS3_U __ZNSt3__113basic_ostreamIcNS_11char_traitsIcEEE6sentryD1Ev
0000000000003260 t __ZNSt3__113basic_ostreamIcNS_11char_traitsIcEEElsB7v160006EPFRS3_S4_E
0000000000003bf0 t __ZNSt3__114pointer_traitsIPKcE10pointer_toB7v160006ERS1_
00000000000038c0 t __ZNSt3__115basic_streambufIcNS_11char_traitsIcEEE5sputnB7v160006EPKcl
0000000000003a90 t __ZNSt3__116__non_trivial_ifILb1ENS_9allocatorIcEEEC2B7v160006Ev
0000000000003560 t __ZNSt3__116__pad_and_outputB7v160006IcNS_11char_traitsIcEEEENS_19ostreambuf_iteratorIT_T0_EES6_PKS4_S8_S8_RNS_8ios_baseES4_
00000000000039d0 t __ZNSt3__117__compressed_pairINS_12basic_stringIcNS_11char_traitsIcEENS_9allocatorIcEEE5__repES5_EC1B7v160006INS_18__default_init_tagESA_EEOT_OT0_
0000000000003a10 t __ZNSt3__117__compressed_pairINS_12basic_stringIcNS_11char_traitsIcEENS_9allocatorIcEEE5__repES5_EC2B7v160006INS_18__default_init_tagESA_EEOT_OT0_
0000000000003df0 t __ZNSt3__118__constexpr_strlenB7v160006EPKc
0000000000003a00 t __ZNSt3__119__debug_db_insert_cB7v160006INS_12basic_stringIcNS_11char_traitsIcEENS_9allocatorIcEEEEEEvPT_
0000000000003780 t __ZNSt3__119ostreambuf_iteratorIcNS_11char_traitsIcEEEC1B7v160006ERNS_13basic_ostreamIcS2_EE
0000000000003c00 t __ZNSt3__119ostreambuf_iteratorIcNS_11char_traitsIcEEEC2B7v160006ERNS_13basic_ostreamIcS2_EE
0000000000003a40 t __ZNSt3__122__compressed_pair_elemINS_12basic_stringIcNS_11char_traitsIcEENS_9allocatorIcEEE5__repELi0ELb0EEC2B7v160006ENS_18__default_init_tagE
0000000000003a50 t __ZNSt3__122__compressed_pair_elemINS_9allocatorIcEELi1ELb1EEC2B7v160006ENS_18__default_init_tagE
0000000000003310 t __ZNSt3__124__put_character_sequenceB7v160006IcNS_11char_traitsIcEEEERNS_13basic_ostreamIT_T0_EES7_PKS4_m
0000000000003bb0 t __ZNSt3__130__libcpp_is_constant_evaluatedB7v160006EvU __ZNSt3__14coutE
0000000000003280 t __ZNSt3__14endlB7v160006IcNS_11char_traitsIcEEEERNS_13basic_ostreamIT_T0_EES7_U __ZNSt3__15ctypeIcE2idEU __ZNSt3__16localeD1EvU __ZNSt3__18ios_base33__set_badbit_and_consider_rethrowEvU __ZNSt3__18ios_base5clearEj
0000000000003950 t __ZNSt3__18ios_base5widthB7v160006El
0000000000003dc0 t __ZNSt3__18ios_base8setstateB7v160006Ej
0000000000003a70 t __ZNSt3__19allocatorIcEC2B7v160006Ev
0000000000003860 t __ZNSt3__19basic_iosIcNS_11char_traitsIcEEE8setstateB7v160006Ej
0000000000003d60 t __ZNSt3__19use_facetB7v160006INS_5ctypeIcEEEERKT_RKNS_6localeE
0000000000003220 t __ZNSt3__1lsB7v160006INS_11char_traitsIcEEEERNS_13basic_ostreamIcT_EES6_PKcU __ZSt9terminatev
0000000000003890 t ___clang_call_terminateU ___cxa_begin_catchU ___cxa_call_unexpectedU ___cxa_end_catchU ___gxx_personality_v0
00000000000031f0 T _helloU _strlen

可以看到：

00000000000032d0 T __Z2hiv
0000000000003300 T __Z3addi00000000000031f0 T _helloU _strlen

---

动态加载示例代码，演示加载 so库（so库名为argv[1]），并从中读取1个函数（函数名为argv[2]）

（假设该函数格式为 void(*)(void) ）

#include <dlfcn.h>
#include <iostream>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <string.h>/***  
extern "C"
void hello() {std::cout << "hello" << std::endl;
}void hi() {std::cout << "hi" << std::endl;
}使用 nm xxx.so 查看函数表(去掉函数前的第一个下划线)对于有 extern "C" 修饰的C++函数，dlsym(handle, "hello")
对于没有 extern "C" 修饰的C++函数，dlsym(handle, "_Z2hiv")**/int main(int argc, char* argv[]) {if (argc != 3) {std::cout << "dlsym <so-path> <func-name>" << std::endl;return 0;}void* handle = dlopen(argv[1], RTLD_NOW);if (handle == nullptr) {std::cerr << "dlopen error: " << dlerror() << std::endl;exit(-1);}dlerror();// FIXME 这里仅演示获取 void(*)(void) 类型的函数void (*func)(void) = (void(*)(void))dlsym(handle, argv[2]);if (func == nullptr) {std::cerr << "dlsym error: " << dlerror() << std::endl;exit(-1);}// 调用查找到的函数func();int (*add)(int) = (int(*)(int))dlsym(handle, "_Z3addi");int r = add(1008);std::cout << "add: " << r << std::endl;int res = dlclose(handle);if (res == -1) {std::cerr << "dlclose error: " << dlerror() << std::endl;exit(-1);}return 0;
}

要注意原hello.so库中的函数实现，是否在方法前有extern "C"

若有疑问的，可以看官方文档 语言链接 - cppreference.com 

---

此处执行3次，用来演示extern对于C++代码的影响：

./dlsym ./hello.so hello 
hello
add: 1009
./dlsym ./hello.so hi   
dlsym error: dlsym(0x7ff90d118010, hi): symbol not found
./dlsym ./hello.so _Z2hiv
hi
add: 1009

注意：

日常中使用动态加载方案时，一定要规范好so库的成果物，一定要事先确认是否使用extern "C"