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Understanding Zero Knowledge Proofs (ZKP)

news 2026/2/10 5:22:05

Bilingual Tutorial: Understanding Zero Knowledge Proofs (ZKP)

双语教程：理解零知识证明（ZKP）

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Introduction

介绍

English:
Zero Knowledge Proofs (ZKP) are a fascinating concept in cryptography where one party (the prover) can prove to another party (the verifier) that they know a value without revealing any information about the value itself.

中文：
零知识证明（ZKP）是密码学中的一个迷人概念，其中一方（证明者）可以向另一方（验证者）证明他们知道一个值，而不透露关于该值的任何信息。

The Ali Baba Cave Story

阿里巴巴洞穴的故事

English:
Imagine there is a cave with a secret door inside, known only to Ali Baba. This cave has two paths: Path A and Path B, which form a loop connecting the entrance with the secret door. Ali Baba wants to prove to his friend that he knows how to open the secret door without revealing the actual secret.

中文：
想象有一个洞穴，里面有一个只有阿里巴巴知道的秘密门。这个洞穴有两条路径：路径A和路径B，它们形成一个连接入口和秘密门的环。阿里巴巴想向他的朋友证明他知道如何打开秘密门，而不透露实际的秘密。

English:

Ali Baba’s friend waits at the entrance while Ali Baba goes into the cave and chooses either Path A or Path B.
After Ali Baba is inside, his friend calls out which path (A or B) he should return from.
If Ali Baba knows the secret to open the door, he can always come out from the chosen path because he can open the secret door and switch paths inside.
This process is repeated multiple times to ensure Ali Baba isn’t just guessing the correct path.

中文：

阿里巴巴的朋友在入口处等待，而阿里巴巴进入洞穴并选择路径A或路径B。
阿里巴巴进入洞穴后，他的朋友叫出他应该从哪条路径（A或B）返回。
如果阿里巴巴知道打开门的秘密，他总能从选择的路径出来，因为他可以打开秘密门并在内部切换路径。
这个过程重复多次以确保阿里巴巴不是在猜测正确的路径。

Repetition Ensures Trust

重复确保信任

English:
By repeating the process many times, Ali Baba’s friend becomes convinced that Ali Baba indeed knows the secret to the door without ever learning what the secret actually is. This is the essence of Zero Knowledge Proofs.

中文：
通过多次重复这个过程，阿里巴巴的朋友确信阿里巴巴确实知道门的秘密，而不需要知道秘密到底是什么。这就是零知识证明的本质。

Real-Life Applications

现实生活中的应用

English:
Zero Knowledge Proofs have real-life applications in secure communications, cryptocurrencies, and identity verification. They allow for authentication without compromising privacy.

中文：
零知识证明在安全通信、加密货币和身份验证中有实际应用。它们允许在不妥协隐私的情况下进行身份验证。

Conclusion

结论

English:
Zero Knowledge Proofs provide a powerful way to prove knowledge or possession of information without revealing the information itself. They enhance privacy and security in various digital applications.

中文：
零知识证明提供了一种强大的方式来证明知识或信息的拥有，而不透露信息本身。它们在各种数字应用中增强了隐私和安全性。

This bilingual tutorial aims to make the concept of Zero Knowledge Proofs accessible to both English and Chinese speakers. By using simple examples and clear explanations, we hope to foster a deeper understanding of this important cryptographic principle.

这个双语教程旨在让英语和中文读者都能理解零知识证明的概念。通过使用简单的例子和清晰的解释，我们希望促进对这一重要密码学原理的深入理解。

Reference:
Quisquater, J. J., Guillou, L. C., Annick, M., & Berson, T. A. (1999). How to explain zero-knowledge protocols to your children. Advances in Cryptology - Crypto '89, Lecture Notes in Computer Science Volume 435.