python xml的读取和写入

import xml.etree.ElementTree as ET
from xml.dom import minidom# 读取XML文档
tree = ET.parse("./xml_3/z_20240827_001.xml")
root = tree.getroot()
# 获取size元素
size_find_0 = root.find("size")
# 获取width子元素
size_w = size_find_0.find("width")
# 获取元素中的文本
print(size_w.text)# xml里面有多个 object 元素
# 查找 object 元素的全部
objects = root.findall('object')
for object_find_0 in objects:# print('Tag:', child.tag)# print('Text:', child.text)# print('Attributes:', child.attrib)# 获取 object 元素的子元素nameclass_name = object_find_0.find("name")print(class_name.text)# 写入
# 保存
# 创建根元素
root = ET.Element("annotation")folder_save = ET.SubElement(root, "folder")
folder_save.text = "f"# 创建子元素
size_save = ET.SubElement(root, "size")
# 创建二级子元素 只需输入参数不同即可
size_w_save = ET.SubElement(size_save, "width")size_w_save.text = "需要写入的内容"with open("./name_i.xml", 'w', encoding='utf-8') as xml_file:# 将 XML 元素树转换为字节串，编码为 utf-8rough_string = ET.tostring(root, 'utf-8')# 使用 minidom 模块解析生成的字节串，得到一个可操作的 XML 对象reparsed = minidom.parseString(rough_string)# 将重新解析后的 XML 对象转换为格式打印（pretty-print）的字符串形式，# 其中 indent="  "表示使用两个空格作为缩进string_ = reparsed.toprettyxml(indent="  ")xml_file.write(string_)

xml 标注文件的拆分与合并

目的是方便检测单类别标注的正确性
例子：将xml拆分多个xml文件

import xml.etree.ElementTree as ET
import os
from xml.dom import minidom# 全部类别
list_class = ['A1', 'A2', 'A3']
# xml标签路径 (绝对路径)
path_lab = "E:/lab/"# 拆分保存xml的路径 (绝对路径)
save_xml_path = "E:/lab/ce/"for xml_name in os.listdir(path_lab):# xml_name = 'Camera12_20231001_30.xml'# 1. 读取XML文档tree = ET.parse(path_lab + xml_name)root = tree.getroot()# 存储 字典dict_class = {}for i in list_class:dict_class[i] = []# 创建单个文件夹folder_name = save_xml_path + "/" + i + "/"if not os.path.exists(folder_name):os.mkdir(folder_name)#     print(f"文件夹 '{folder_name}' 创建成功。")# else:#     print(f"文件夹 '{folder_name}' 已存在。")# for i, j in dict_class.items():#     print(i, j)size_find_0 = root.find("size")size_w = size_find_0.find("width")size_h = size_find_0.find("height")size_d = size_find_0.find("depth")## print(size_w.text)# print(size_h.text)# print(size_d.text)# 分离文件名 与 文件后缀name_lab, xml_ = os.path.splitext(xml_name)folder_jpg = root.find("folder")# print(folder_jpg.text)path_jpg = root.find("path")# print(path_jpg.text)filename_jpg = root.find("filename")# print(filename_jpg.text)# 2. 查找 object 全部objects = root.findall('object')for object_find_0 in objects:# print('Tag:', child.tag)# print('Text:', child.text)# print('Attributes:', child.attrib)class_name = object_find_0.find("name")class_bndbox = object_find_0.find("bndbox")class_bndbox_xmin = class_bndbox.find("xmin")class_bndbox_ymin = class_bndbox.find("ymin")class_bndbox_xmax = class_bndbox.find("xmax")class_bndbox_ymax = class_bndbox.find("ymax")# print(class_name.text)# print(class_bndbox_xmin.text)# print(class_bndbox_ymin.text)# print(class_bndbox_xmax.text)# print(class_bndbox_ymax.text)dict_class[class_name.text].append((class_name.text,class_bndbox_xmin.text,class_bndbox_ymin.text,class_bndbox_xmax.text,class_bndbox_ymax.text,))for ob_class, ob_list in dict_class.items():# 创建根元素root = ET.Element("annotation")folder_save = ET.SubElement(root, "folder")folder_save.text = folder_jpg.textfilename_jpg_save = ET.SubElement(root, "filename")filename_jpg_save.text = filename_jpg.textpath_save_xml = ET.SubElement(root, "path")path_save_xml.text = path_jpg.text# 创建子元素size_save = ET.SubElement(root, "size")# 创建二级子元素 只需输入参数不同即可size_w_save = ET.SubElement(size_save, "width")size_w_save.text = size_w.textsize_h_save = ET.SubElement(size_save, "height")size_h_save.text = size_h.textsize_d_save = ET.SubElement(size_save, "depth")size_d_save.text = size_d.textfor ob_list_i in ob_list:object_save = ET.SubElement(root, "object")name_save = ET.SubElement(object_save, "name")name_save.text = str(ob_list_i[0])bndbox_save = ET.SubElement(object_save, "bndbox")xmin_save = ET.SubElement(bndbox_save, "xmin")xmin_save.text = str(ob_list_i[1])ymin_save = ET.SubElement(bndbox_save, "ymin")ymin_save.text = str(ob_list_i[2])xmax_save = ET.SubElement(bndbox_save, "xmax")xmax_save.text = str(ob_list_i[3])ymax_save = ET.SubElement(bndbox_save, "ymax")ymax_save.text = str(ob_list_i[4])# 写入文件if len(dict_class[ob_class]) != 0:if ob_class in list_class:path_save_i = save_xml_path + "/" + ob_class + "/" + xml_nameprint(path_save_i)# tree.write(path_save_i, encoding="utf-8", xml_declaration=True)with open(path_save_i, 'w', encoding='utf-8') as xml_file:# 将 XML 元素树转换为字节串，编码为 utf-8rough_string = ET.tostring(root, 'utf-8')# 使用 minidom 模块解析生成的字节串，得到一个可操作的 XML 对象reparsed = minidom.parseString(rough_string)# 将重新解析后的 XML 对象转换为格式打印（pretty-print）的字符串形式，# 其中 indent="  "表示使用两个空格作为缩进string_ = reparsed.toprettyxml(indent="  ")xml_file.write(string_)

将拆分的xml合并为1个

import xml.etree.ElementTree as ET
import os
from xml.dom import minidom# 合并和拆分的类别要一致
list_class = ['A1', 'A2', 'A3'']
# 标注图片路径
path_img = "E:/zyk_lab/ce/img/"
# xml 拆分的总路径
path_lab = "E:/zyk_lab/ce/ce/"
# xml 合并后保存的路径
path_lab_save = "E:/zyk_lab/ce/lab_ce/"for img_name in os.listdir(path_img):# img_name = "Camera12_20231001_31"img_name = os.path.splitext(img_name)[0]dict_class = {}for i in list_class:dict_class[i] = []dict_class["width"] = 0dict_class["height"] = 0dict_class["depth"] = 0dict_class["folder"] = "null"dict_class["path"] = "null"dict_class["filename"] = "null"for file_1 in os.listdir(path_lab):path_i = os.path.join(path_lab, file_1)for xml_name in os.listdir(path_i):if img_name == os.path.splitext(xml_name)[0]:# 1. 读取XML文档xml_path = os.path.join(path_i, xml_name)tree = ET.parse(xml_path)root = tree.getroot()size_find_0 = root.find("size")size_w = size_find_0.find("width").textsize_h = size_find_0.find("height").textsize_d = size_find_0.find("depth").textfolder_jpg = root.find("folder").text# print(folder_jpg.text)path_jpg = root.find("path").text# print(path_jpg.text)filename_jpg = root.find("filename").text# print(filename_jpg.text)dict_class["width"] = size_wdict_class["height"] = size_hdict_class["depth"] = size_ddict_class["folder"] = folder_jpgdict_class["path"] = path_jpgdict_class["filename"] = filename_jpg# 2. 查找 object 全部objects = root.findall('object')for object_find_0 in objects:# print('Tag:', child.tag)# print('Text:', child.text)# print('Attributes:', child.attrib)class_name = object_find_0.find("name")class_bndbox = object_find_0.find("bndbox")class_bndbox_xmin = class_bndbox.find("xmin")class_bndbox_ymin = class_bndbox.find("ymin")class_bndbox_xmax = class_bndbox.find("xmax")class_bndbox_ymax = class_bndbox.find("ymax")# print(class_name.text)# print(class_bndbox_xmin.text)# print(class_bndbox_ymin.text)# print(class_bndbox_xmax.text)# print(class_bndbox_ymax.text)dict_class[class_name.text].append((class_name.text,class_bndbox_xmin.text,class_bndbox_ymin.text,class_bndbox_xmax.text,class_bndbox_ymax.text,))# 保存# 创建根元素root = ET.Element("annotation")folder_save = ET.SubElement(root, "folder")if dict_class["folder"] != "null":folder_save.text = dict_class["folder"]filename_jpg_save = ET.SubElement(root, "filename")if dict_class["filename"] != "null":filename_jpg_save.text = dict_class["filename"]path_save_xml = ET.SubElement(root, "path")if dict_class["path"] != "null":path_save_xml.text = dict_class["path"]# 创建子元素size_save = ET.SubElement(root, "size")# 创建二级子元素 只需输入参数不同即可size_w_save = ET.SubElement(size_save, "width")if dict_class["width"] != "null":size_w_save.text = dict_class["width"]size_h_save = ET.SubElement(size_save, "height")if dict_class["height"] != "null":size_h_save.text = dict_class["height"]size_d_save = ET.SubElement(size_save, "depth")if dict_class["depth"] != "null":size_d_save.text = dict_class["depth"]for ob_class, ob_list in dict_class.items():print(ob_class, ob_list)# 跳过你不需要写入的元素if ob_class in ["元素1", "元素2"]:continuefor ob_list_i in ob_list:# print(ob_list_i)object_save = ET.SubElement(root, "object")name_save = ET.SubElement(object_save, "name")name_save.text = str(ob_list_i[0])bndbox_save = ET.SubElement(object_save, "bndbox")xmin_save = ET.SubElement(bndbox_save, "xmin")xmin_save.text = str(ob_list_i[1])ymin_save = ET.SubElement(bndbox_save, "ymin")ymin_save.text = str(ob_list_i[2])xmax_save = ET.SubElement(bndbox_save, "xmax")xmax_save.text = str(ob_list_i[3])ymax_save = ET.SubElement(bndbox_save, "ymax")ymax_save.text = str(ob_list_i[4])# 写入文件# if len(dict_class[ob_class]) != 0:#     if ob_class in list_class:path_save_i = path_lab_save + img_name + ".xml"print(path_save_i)# tree.write(path_save_i, encoding="utf-8", xml_declaration=True)with open(path_save_i, 'w', encoding='utf-8') as xml_file:# 将 XML 元素树转换为字节串，编码为 utf-8rough_string = ET.tostring(root, 'utf-8')# 使用 minidom 模块解析生成的字节串，得到一个可操作的 XML 对象reparsed = minidom.parseString(rough_string)# 将重新解析后的 XML 对象转换为格式打印（pretty-print）的字符串形式，# 其中 indent="  "表示使用两个空格作为缩进string_ = reparsed.toprettyxml(indent="  ")xml_file.write(string_)