【MongoDB】Windows/Docker 下载安装，MongoDB Compass的基本使用、NoSQL、MongoDB的基础概念及基础用法（超详细）

更多相关内容可查看

Docker安装MongoDB可查看：Docker-安装MongoDB

Windows下载

官网下载地址：https://www.mongodb.com/try/download/community

按需选择下载,我这里下载的是Windows x64

解压完双击安装进入以下页面

接受协议，下一步

选择custom可以自定义安装路径

点击Browse可以选择安装路径

选择完后直接next

这里默认会帮助我们创建data及log路径，next

这里可以按需选择安装MongoDB Compass,选择会稍微慢一些，但为了方便还是建议直接顺手安装

MongoDB Compass使用

安装完会自动打开如下界面，开启你的MongoDB操作

点击Connection 旁的+号 进行链接

可填写相关链接的信息

链接成功如图

断开链接

创建数据库

给创建的数据库添加数据

添加数据示例

查询数据示例

修改删除数据

导入导出

导出json示例

这里可以理解为写sql的界面

例如linux的命令行了在文章底部有代码可以copy使用

NoSQL的基本概念

1. 什么是NoSQL？

NoSQL是“Not Only SQL”的缩写，代表了一类非关系型数据库，主要用于处理大规模数据存储和高并发访问。与传统的关系型数据库（如MySQL、PostgreSQL）不同，NoSQL数据库没有固定的表结构，能够灵活存储多种数据类型，包括结构化、半结构化和非结构化数据。

NoSQL数据库代表“不仅仅是SQL”或“不是SQL”

2. NoSQL的分类

• 文档数据库：以文档形式存储数据，适合存储JSON格式数据，如MongoDB和CouchDB。
• 键值存储：通过键值对存储数据，适合高速读取，如Redis和DynamoDB。
• 列族存储：将数据存储在列中，适合分析场景，如Cassandra和HBase。
• 图数据库：以图结构存储数据，适合处理复杂关系，如Neo4j和ArangoDB。

---

MongoDB常用术语

生态图示例：

术语	说明
_id	每个 MongoDB 文档中必填的字段，表示文档的唯一值，类似于主键。如果新文档中没有 _id 字段，MongoDB 会自动创建。
集合	MongoDB 文档的分组，相当于关系数据库中的表，集合存在于单个数据库中，不强制执行任何结构。
游标	指向查询结果集的指针，客户可以遍历游标以检索结果。
数据库	类似于 RDMS 中的集合容器，存储表的容器，每个数据库在文件系统上都有自己的文件集，MongoDB 服务器可存储多个数据库。
文档	MongoDB 集合中的记录，包含字段名称和值。
字段	文档中的名称/值对，一个文档具有零个或多个字段，类似于关系数据库中的列。

MongoDB与RDBMS区别

SQL 术语/概念	MongoDB 术语/概念	解释/说明
database	数据库
table	collection	数据表/集合
row	document	数据记录行/文档
column	field	数据字段/域
index	index	索引
table joins	表连接	MongoDB 不支持
primary key	primary key	主键，MongoDB 自动将 _id 字段设置为主键

MongoDB的CRUD

Insert

> db.inventory.insertOne({ item: "canvas", qty: 100, tags: ["cotton"], size: { h: 28, w: 35.5, uom: "cm" } })
{"acknowledged" : true,"insertedId" : ObjectId("5f1f8a9a099483199e74737c")
}
> db.inventory.insertMany([{ item: "journal", qty: 25, tags: ["blank", "red"], size: { h: 14, w: 21, uom: "cm" } },{ item: "mat", qty: 85, tags: ["gray"], size: { h: 27.9, w: 35.5, uom: "cm" } },{ item: "mousepad", qty: 25, tags: ["gel", "blue"], size: { h: 19, w: 22.85, uom: "cm" } }])
{"acknowledged" : true,"insertedIds" : [ObjectId("5f1f8aa8099483199e74737d"),ObjectId("5f1f8aa8099483199e74737e"),ObjectId("5f1f8aa8099483199e74737f")]
}
> db.inventory.find( {} )
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5f1f8a9a099483199e74737c"), "item" : "canvas", "qty" : 100, "tags" : [ "cotton" ], "size" : { "h" : 28, "w" : 35.5, "uom" : "cm" } }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5f1f8aa8099483199e74737d"), "item" : "journal", "qty" : 25, "tags" : [ "blank", "red" ], "size" : { "h" : 14, "w" : 21, "uom" : "cm" } }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5f1f8aa8099483199e74737e"), "item" : "mat", "qty" : 85, "tags" : [ "gray" ], "size" : { "h" : 27.9, "w" : 35.5, "uom" : "cm" } }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5f1f8aa8099483199e74737f"), "item" : "mousepad", "qty" : 25, "tags" : [ "gel", "blue" ], "size" : { "h" : 19, "w" : 22.85, "uom" : "cm" } }
>

Query

> db.inventory.find( {} )
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5f1f8a9a099483199e74737c"), "item" : "canvas", "qty" : 100, "tags" : [ "cotton" ], "size" : { "h" : 28, "w" : 35.5, "uom" : "cm" } }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5f1f8aa8099483199e74737d"), "item" : "journal", "qty" : 25, "tags" : [ "blank", "red" ], "size" : { "h" : 14, "w" : 21, "uom" : "cm" } }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5f1f8aa8099483199e74737e"), "item" : "mat", "qty" : 85, "tags" : [ "gray" ], "size" : { "h" : 27.9, "w" : 35.5, "uom" : "cm" } }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5f1f8aa8099483199e74737f"), "item" : "mousepad", "qty" : 25, "tags" : [ "gel", "blue" ], "size" : { "h" : 19, "w" : 22.85, "uom" : "cm" } }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5f1f94de4326f1d6a51d3a78"), "item" : "journal", "qty" : 25, "size" : { "h" : 14, "w" : 21, "uom" : "cm" }, "status" : "A" }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5f1f94de4326f1d6a51d3a79"), "item" : "notebook", "qty" : 50, "size" : { "h" : 8.5, "w" : 11, "uom" : "in" }, "status" : "A" }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5f1f94de4326f1d6a51d3a7a"), "item" : "paper", "qty" : 100, "size" : { "h" : 8.5, "w" : 11, "uom" : "in" }, "status" : "D" }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5f1f94de4326f1d6a51d3a7b"), "item" : "planner", "qty" : 75, "size" : { "h" : 22.85, "w" : 30, "uom" : "cm" }, "status" : "D" }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5f1f94de4326f1d6a51d3a7c"), "item" : "postcard", "qty" : 45, "size" : { "h" : 10, "w" : 15.25, "uom" : "cm" }, "status" : "A" }
> db.inventory.find( { status: "D" } )
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5f1f94de4326f1d6a51d3a7a"), "item" : "paper", "qty" : 100, "size" : { "h" : 8.5, "w" : 11, "uom" : "in" }, "status" : "D" }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5f1f94de4326f1d6a51d3a7b"), "item" : "planner", "qty" : 75, "size" : { "h" : 22.85, "w" : 30, "uom" : "cm" }, "status" : "D" }
> db.inventory.find( { status: { $in: [ "A", "D" ] } } )
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5f1f94de4326f1d6a51d3a78"), "item" : "journal", "qty" : 25, "size" : { "h" : 14, "w" : 21, "uom" : "cm" }, "status" : "A" }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5f1f94de4326f1d6a51d3a79"), "item" : "notebook", "qty" : 50, "size" : { "h" : 8.5, "w" : 11, "uom" : "in" }, "status" : "A" }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5f1f94de4326f1d6a51d3a7a"), "item" : "paper", "qty" : 100, "size" : { "h" : 8.5, "w" : 11, "uom" : "in" }, "status" : "D" }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5f1f94de4326f1d6a51d3a7b"), "item" : "planner", "qty" : 75, "size" : { "h" : 22.85, "w" : 30, "uom" : "cm" }, "status" : "D" }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5f1f94de4326f1d6a51d3a7c"), "item" : "postcard", "qty" : 45, "size" : { "h" : 10, "w" : 15.25, "uom" : "cm" }, "status" : "A" }
> db.inventory.find( { status: "A", qty: { $lt: 30 } } )
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5f1f94de4326f1d6a51d3a78"), "item" : "journal", "qty" : 25, "size" : { "h" : 14, "w" : 21, "uom" : "cm" }, "status" : "A" }
> db.inventory.find( { $or: [ { status: "A" }, { qty: { $lt: 30 } } ] } )
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5f1f8aa8099483199e74737d"), "item" : "journal", "qty" : 25, "tags" : [ "blank", "red" ], "size" : { "h" : 14, "w" : 21, "uom" : "cm" } }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5f1f8aa8099483199e74737f"), "item" : "mousepad", "qty" : 25, "tags" : [ "gel", "blue" ], "size" : { "h" : 19, "w" : 22.85, "uom" : "cm" } }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5f1f94de4326f1d6a51d3a78"), "item" : "journal", "qty" : 25, "size" : { "h" : 14, "w" : 21, "uom" : "cm" }, "status" : "A" }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5f1f94de4326f1d6a51d3a79"), "item" : "notebook", "qty" : 50, "size" : { "h" : 8.5, "w" : 11, "uom" : "in" }, "status" : "A" }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5f1f94de4326f1d6a51d3a7c"), "item" : "postcard", "qty" : 45, "size" : { "h" : 10, "w" : 15.25, "uom" : "cm" }, "status" : "A" }
> db.inventory.find( {status: "A",$or: [ { qty: { $lt: 30 } }, { item: /^p/ } ]} )
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5f1f94de4326f1d6a51d3a78"), "item" : "journal", "qty" : 25, "size" : { "h" : 14, "w" : 21, "uom" : "cm" }, "status" : "A" }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5f1f94de4326f1d6a51d3a7c"), "item" : "postcard", "qty" : 45, "size" : { "h" : 10, "w" : 15.25, "uom" : "cm" }, "status" : "A" }
>

Update

> db.inventory.insertMany( [{ item: "canvas", qty: 100, size: { h: 28, w: 35.5, uom: "cm" }, status: "A" },{ item: "journal", qty: 25, size: { h: 14, w: 21, uom: "cm" }, status: "A" },{ item: "mat", qty: 85, size: { h: 27.9, w: 35.5, uom: "cm" }, status: "A" },{ item: "mousepad", qty: 25, size: { h: 19, w: 22.85, uom: "cm" }, status: "P" },{ item: "notebook", qty: 50, size: { h: 8.5, w: 11, uom: "in" }, status: "P" },{ item: "paper", qty: 100, size: { h: 8.5, w: 11, uom: "in" }, status: "D" },{ item: "planner", qty: 75, size: { h: 22.85, w: 30, uom: "cm" }, status: "D" },{ item: "postcard", qty: 45, size: { h: 10, w: 15.25, uom: "cm" }, status: "A" },{ item: "sketchbook", qty: 80, size: { h: 14, w: 21, uom: "cm" }, status: "A" },{ item: "sketch pad", qty: 95, size: { h: 22.85, w: 30.5, uom: "cm" }, status: "A" }] );
{"acknowledged" : true,"insertedIds" : [ObjectId("5f1f96cf4326f1d6a51d3a7d"),ObjectId("5f1f96cf4326f1d6a51d3a7e"),ObjectId("5f1f96cf4326f1d6a51d3a7f"),ObjectId("5f1f96cf4326f1d6a51d3a80"),ObjectId("5f1f96cf4326f1d6a51d3a81"),ObjectId("5f1f96cf4326f1d6a51d3a82"),ObjectId("5f1f96cf4326f1d6a51d3a83"),ObjectId("5f1f96cf4326f1d6a51d3a84"),ObjectId("5f1f96cf4326f1d6a51d3a85"),ObjectId("5f1f96cf4326f1d6a51d3a86")]
}
> db.inventory.updateOne({ item: "paper" },{$set: { "size.uom": "cm", status: "P" },$currentDate: { lastModified: true }})
{ "acknowledged" : true, "matchedCount" : 1, "modifiedCount" : 1 }
> db.inventory.find( {} )
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5f1f96cf4326f1d6a51d3a7d"), "item" : "canvas", "qty" : 100, "size" : { "h" : 28, "w" : 35.5, "uom" : "cm" }, "status" : "A" }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5f1f96cf4326f1d6a51d3a7e"), "item" : "journal", "qty" : 25, "size" : { "h" : 14, "w" : 21, "uom" : "cm" }, "status" : "A" }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5f1f96cf4326f1d6a51d3a7f"), "item" : "mat", "qty" : 85, "size" : { "h" : 27.9, "w" : 35.5, "uom" : "cm" }, "status" : "A" }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5f1f96cf4326f1d6a51d3a80"), "item" : "mousepad", "qty" : 25, "size" : { "h" : 19, "w" : 22.85, "uom" : "cm" }, "status" : "P" }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5f1f96cf4326f1d6a51d3a81"), "item" : "notebook", "qty" : 50, "size" : { "h" : 8.5, "w" : 11, "uom" : "in" }, "status" : "P" }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5f1f96cf4326f1d6a51d3a82"), "item" : "paper", "qty" : 100, "size" : { "h" : 8.5, "w" : 11, "uom" : "cm" }, "status" : "P", "lastModified" : ISODate("2020-07-28T03:09:17.014Z") }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5f1f96cf4326f1d6a51d3a83"), "item" : "planner", "qty" : 75, "size" : { "h" : 22.85, "w" : 30, "uom" : "cm" }, "status" : "D" }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5f1f96cf4326f1d6a51d3a84"), "item" : "postcard", "qty" : 45, "size" : { "h" : 10, "w" : 15.25, "uom" : "cm" }, "status" : "A" }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5f1f96cf4326f1d6a51d3a85"), "item" : "sketchbook", "qty" : 80, "size" : { "h" : 14, "w" : 21, "uom" : "cm" }, "status" : "A" }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5f1f96cf4326f1d6a51d3a86"), "item" : "sketch pad", "qty" : 95, "size" : { "h" : 22.85, "w" : 30.5, "uom" : "cm" }, "status" : "A" }db.inventory.updateMany({ "qty": { $lt: 50 } },{$set: { "size.uom": "in", status: "P" },$currentDate: { lastModified: true }})
{ "acknowledged" : true, "matchedCount" : 3, "modifiedCount" : 3 }
> db.inventory.find( {} )
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5f1f96cf4326f1d6a51d3a7d"), "item" : "canvas", "qty" : 100, "size" : { "h" : 28, "w" : 35.5, "uom" : "cm" }, "status" : "A" }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5f1f96cf4326f1d6a51d3a7e"), "item" : "journal", "qty" : 25, "size" : { "h" : 14, "w" : 21, "uom" : "in" }, "status" : "P", "lastModified" : ISODate("2020-07-28T04:33:50.391Z") }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5f1f96cf4326f1d6a51d3a7f"), "item" : "mat", "qty" : 85, "size" : { "h" : 27.9, "w" : 35.5, "uom" : "cm" }, "status" : "A" }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5f1f96cf4326f1d6a51d3a80"), "item" : "mousepad", "qty" : 25, "size" : { "h" : 19, "w" : 22.85, "uom" : "in" }, "status" : "P", "lastModified" : ISODate("2020-07-28T04:33:50.391Z") }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5f1f96cf4326f1d6a51d3a81"), "item" : "notebook", "qty" : 50, "size" : { "h" : 8.5, "w" : 11, "uom" : "in" }, "status" : "P" }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5f1f96cf4326f1d6a51d3a82"), "item" : "paper", "qty" : 100, "size" : { "h" : 8.5, "w" : 11, "uom" : "cm" }, "status" : "P", "lastModified" : ISODate("2020-07-28T03:09:17.014Z") }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5f1f96cf4326f1d6a51d3a83"), "item" : "planner", "qty" : 75, "size" : { "h" : 22.85, "w" : 30, "uom" : "cm" }, "status" : "D" }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5f1f96cf4326f1d6a51d3a84"), "item" : "postcard", "qty" : 45, "size" : { "h" : 10, "w" : 15.25, "uom" : "in" }, "status" : "P", "lastModified" : ISODate("2020-07-28T04:33:50.392Z") }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5f1f96cf4326f1d6a51d3a85"), "item" : "sketchbook", "qty" : 80, "size" : { "h" : 14, "w" : 21, "uom" : "cm" }, "status" : "A" }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5f1f96cf4326f1d6a51d3a86"), "item" : "sketch pad", "qty" : 95, "size" : { "h" : 22.85, "w" : 30.5, "uom" : "cm" }, "status" : "A" }
>> db.inventory.replaceOne({ item: "paper" },{ item: "paper", instock: [ { warehouse: "A", qty: 60 }, { warehouse: "B", qty: 40 } ] }
)
{ "acknowledged" : true, "matchedCount" : 1, "modifiedCount" : 1 }
> db.inventory.find( {} )
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5f1f96cf4326f1d6a51d3a7d"), "item" : "canvas", "qty" : 100, "size" : { "h" : 28, "w" : 35.5, "uom" : "cm" }, "status" : "A" }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5f1f96cf4326f1d6a51d3a7e"), "item" : "journal", "qty" : 25, "size" : { "h" : 14, "w" : 21, "uom" : "in" }, "status" : "P", "lastModified" : ISODate("2020-07-28T04:33:50.391Z") }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5f1f96cf4326f1d6a51d3a7f"), "item" : "mat", "qty" : 85, "size" : { "h" : 27.9, "w" : 35.5, "uom" : "cm" }, "status" : "A" }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5f1f96cf4326f1d6a51d3a80"), "item" : "mousepad", "qty" : 25, "size" : { "h" : 19, "w" : 22.85, "uom" : "in" }, "status" : "P", "lastModified" : ISODate("2020-07-28T04:33:50.391Z") }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5f1f96cf4326f1d6a51d3a81"), "item" : "notebook", "qty" : 50, "size" : { "h" : 8.5, "w" : 11, "uom" : "in" }, "status" : "P" }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5f1f96cf4326f1d6a51d3a82"), "item" : "paper", "instock" : [ { "warehouse" : "A", "qty" : 60 }, { "warehouse" : "B", "qty" : 40 } ] }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5f1f96cf4326f1d6a51d3a83"), "item" : "planner", "qty" : 75, "size" : { "h" : 22.85, "w" : 30, "uom" : "cm" }, "status" : "D" }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5f1f96cf4326f1d6a51d3a84"), "item" : "postcard", "qty" : 45, "size" : { "h" : 10, "w" : 15.25, "uom" : "in" }, "status" : "P", "lastModified" : ISODate("2020-07-28T04:33:50.392Z") }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5f1f96cf4326f1d6a51d3a85"), "item" : "sketchbook", "qty" : 80, "size" : { "h" : 14, "w" : 21, "uom" : "cm" }, "status" : "A" }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5f1f96cf4326f1d6a51d3a86"), "item" : "sketch pad", "qty" : 95, "size" : { "h" : 22.85, "w" : 30.5, "uom" : "cm" }, "status" : "A" }
>

Delete

> db.inventory.deleteMany({ status : "A" })
{ "acknowledged" : true, "deletedCount" : 4 }
> db.inventory.find( {} )
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5f1f96cf4326f1d6a51d3a7e"), "item" : "journal", "qty" : 25, "size" : { "h" : 14, "w" : 21, "uom" : "in" }, "status" : "P", "lastModified" : ISODate("2020-07-28T04:33:50.391Z") }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5f1f96cf4326f1d6a51d3a80"), "item" : "mousepad", "qty" : 25, "size" : { "h" : 19, "w" : 22.85, "uom" : "in" }, "status" : "P", "lastModified" : ISODate("2020-07-28T04:33:50.391Z") }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5f1f96cf4326f1d6a51d3a81"), "item" : "notebook", "qty" : 50, "size" : { "h" : 8.5, "w" : 11, "uom" : "in" }, "status" : "P" }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5f1f96cf4326f1d6a51d3a82"), "item" : "paper", "instock" : [ { "warehouse" : "A", "qty" : 60 }, { "warehouse" : "B", "qty" : 40 } ] }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5f1f96cf4326f1d6a51d3a83"), "item" : "planner", "qty" : 75, "size" : { "h" : 22.85, "w" : 30, "uom" : "cm" }, "status" : "D" }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5f1f96cf4326f1d6a51d3a84"), "item" : "postcard", "qty" : 45, "size" : { "h" : 10, "w" : 15.25, "uom" : "in" }, "status" : "P", "lastModified" : ISODate("2020-07-28T04:33:50.392Z") }

BulkWrite(批量操作)

try {db.characters.bulkWrite([{ insertOne :{"document" :{"_id" : 4, "char" : "Dithras", "class" : "barbarian", "lvl" : 4}}},{ insertOne :{"document" :{"_id" : 5, "char" : "Taeln", "class" : "fighter", "lvl" : 3}}},{ updateOne :{"filter" : { "char" : "Eldon" },"update" : { $set : { "status" : "Critical Injury" } }}},{ deleteOne :{ "filter" : { "char" : "Brisbane"} }},{ replaceOne :{"filter" : { "char" : "Meldane" },"replacement" : { "char" : "Tanys", "class" : "oracle", "lvl" : 4 }}}]);
}
catch (e) {print(e);
}