爬取豆瓣书籍数据

# 1. 导入库包
import requests
from lxml import etree
from time import sleep
import os
import pandas as pd
import reBOOKS = []
IMGURLS = []# 2. 获取网页源代码
def get_html(url):headers = {'User-Agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/87.0.4280.88 Safari/537.36'}# 异常处理try:html = requests.get(url, headers=headers)# 声明编码方式html.encoding = html.apparent_encoding# 判断if html.status_code == 200:print('成功获取源代码')# print(html.text)except Exception as e:print('获取源代码失败：%s' % e)# 返回htmlreturn html.text# 3. 解析网页源代码
def parse_html(html):html = etree.HTML(html)# 每个图书信息分别保存在 class="indent" 的div下的 table标签内tables = html.xpath("//div[@class='indent']//table")# print(len(tables))  # 打印之后如果是25的话就是对的books = []imgUrls = []# 遍历通过xpath得到的li标签列表# 因为要获取标题文本，所以xpath表达式要追加 /text(), t.xpath返回的是一个列表，且列表中只有一个元素所以追加一个[0]for t in tables:# title = t.xpath(".//div[@class='p12']/a/@title")  # 匹配得到的是空的# 书名title = t.xpath(".//td[@valign='top']//a/@title")[0]# 链接link = t.xpath(".//td[@valign='top']//a/@href")[0]# 获取pl标签的字符串pl = t.xpath(".//td[@valign='top']//p[1]/text()")[0]# 截取国家if '[' in pl:country = pl.split('[')[1].split(']')[0]else:country = '中'  # 没有国家的默认为“中国”# 截取作者if '[' in pl:author = pl.split(']')[1].split('/')[0].replace(" ", "")elif len(pl.split('/')) == 3:author = '无'elif len(pl.split('/')) == 2:author = pl.split('/')[0]elif '[' not in pl:if len(pl.split('/')) == 4:author = pl.split('/')[-4]elif len(pl.split('/')) == 5:author = pl.split('/')[-5]elif len(pl.split('/')) == 6:author = pl.split('/')[-6]else:author = '无'# 截取翻译者if len(pl.split('/')) == 3:translator = ' 'elif '[' in pl:if len(pl.split('/')) == 4:translator = pl.split('/')[-3]elif len(pl.split('/')) == 5:translator = pl.split('/')[-4]elif len(pl.split('/')) == 6:translator = pl.split('/')[-5]else:translator = ' '# 截取出版社if len(pl.split('/')) == 2:publisher = pl.split('/')[0]elif len(pl.split('/')) == 3:publisher = pl.split('/')[0]elif '[' in pl:if len(pl.split('/')) == 4:publisher = pl.split('/')[1]elif len(pl.split('/')) == 5:publisher = pl.split('/')[2]elif len(pl.split('/')) == 6:publisher = pl.split('/')[-3]elif len(pl.split('/')) == 7:publisher = pl.split('/')[-4]elif '[' not in pl:# if len(pl.split('/'))== 3:publisher = pl.split('/')[-3]# if len(pl.split('/')) == 6:#     publisher = pl.split('/')[-3]# elif len(pl.split('/')) == 7:#      publisher = pl.split('/')[-4]# 截取出版时间if len(pl.split('/')) == 2:time = '不详'elif len(pl.split('/')) == 4:time = pl.split('/')[-2]elif len(pl.split('/')) == 5:time = pl.split('/')[-2]elif len(pl.split('/')) == 6:time = pl.split('/')[-2]# 截取单价if '元' in pl:price = pl.split('/')[-1].split('元')[0]else:price = pl.split('/')[-1]# 获取星级数str1 = t.xpath(".//td[@valign='top']//div[@class='star clearfix']/span[1]/@class")[0].replace("allstar", "")# 此时获取到的数字其实是字符串类型，不能直接%10，需要把str转化为intnum = int(str1)star = num / 10# 获取评分score = t.xpath(".//td[@valign='top']//div[@class='star clearfix']/span[2]/text()")[0]# 获取评价人数pnum = t.xpath(".//td[@valign='top']//div[@class='star clearfix']/span[3]/text()")[0]people = re.sub("\D", "", pnum)# 获取简介comments = t.xpath(".//p[@class='quote']/span/text()")comment = comments[0] if len(comments) != 0 else "无"book = {'书名': title,'链接': link,'国家': country,'作者': author,'翻译者': translator,'出版社': publisher,'出版时间': time,'价格': price,'星级': star,'评分': score,'评价人数': people,'简介': comment}# 图片imgUrl = t.xpath(".//a/img/@src")[0]# print(imgUrl)books.append(book)imgUrls.append(imgUrl)return books, imgUrls# 4. 下载图片保存文件
def downloadimg(url, book):# 判断文件夹是否在指定路径下面,建立文件夹并把指定路径移到文件夹下面if 'img' in os.listdir(r'D:\pachong'):passelse:os.mkdir(r'D:\pachong\img')os.chdir(r'D:\pachong\img')# 返回img的二进制流img = requests.request('GET', url).contentwith open(book['书名'] + '.jpg', 'wb') as f:# print('正在下载: %s' % url)f.write(img)# 5. 数据预处理
# def processData():if __name__ == '__main__':# url = 'https://book.douban.com/top250?start=0'# 10页循环遍历for i in range(10):# 2. 定义url并获取网页源代码url = 'https://book.douban.com/top250?start={}'.format(i * 25)# print(url)html = get_html(url)# 3. 解析网页源代码sleep(1)books = parse_html(html)[0]imgUrls = parse_html(html)[1]BOOKS.extend(books)IMGURLS.extend(imgUrls)# 4. 下载图片保存文件# for i in range(250):#     # sleep(1)#     downloadimg(IMGURLS[i], BOOKS[i])os.chdir(r'D:/pachong/img')# 以csv格式写入本地bookdata = pd.DataFrame(BOOKS)bookdata.to_csv('D:/pachong/book.csv', index=False)print("图书信息写入本地成功")# 以txt格式写入本地错误# 得到的是字典格式，要想写成txt格式需要先转化成字符串格式# for i in range(25):#     with open('book.txt', 'a') as f:#         f.write(books[i] + '\n')