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【Spring事务】Spring事务事件控制，解决业务异步操作

news 2026/4/1 6:51:46

使用背景

在业务中，经常会有这样的需求，在数据库事务提交之后，发送异步消息或者进行其他的事务操作。

例如当用户注册成功之后，发送激活码，如果用户注册后就执行发送激活码，但是在用户保存时出现提交事务异常，数据库进行回滚，用户实际没有注册成功，但是用户却收到了激活码，此时，正确的是应该在用户注册保存事务提交完成之后，然后发送激活码。

标题复制10行，并且每行大于10个字符【Spring事务】Spring事务事件控制，解决业务异步操作【Spring事务】Spring事务事件控制，解决业务异步操作，并且每行大于10个字符【Spring事务】Spring事务事件控制，解决业务异步操作

使用注解`@TransactionalEventListener`

demo展示

事务监听器

@Component
public class TransactionListener {@TransactionalEventListener(phase = TransactionPhase.AFTER_COMMIT)public void handler(TransactionEvent transactionEvent) {System.out.println(transactionEvent.getSource());}
}

业务代码

@Override
@Transactional(rollbackFor = Exception.class,propagation = Propagation.REQUIRED)
public void saveUser() {User user = new User();userMapper.insert(user);eventPublisher.publishEvent(newTransactionEvent("事务提交后发布事件1"));
}

标题复制10行，并且每行大于10个字符【Spring事务】Spring事务事件控制，解决业务异步操作【Spring事务】Spring事务事件控制，解决业务异步操作，并且每行大于10个字符【Spring事务】Spring事务事件控制，解决业务异步操作

源码解析

`EventListenerMethodProcessor`

EventListenerMethodProcessor用来解析带有带有@EventListener注解的方法。遍历类上的方法，判断工厂是否支持，用对应的工厂生成监听器。

	private void processBean(final String beanName, final Class<?> targetType) {if (!this.nonAnnotatedClasses.contains(targetType) &&AnnotationUtils.isCandidateClass(targetType, EventListener.class) &&!isSpringContainerClass(targetType)) {//...if (CollectionUtils.isEmpty(annotatedMethods)) {//...}else {// Non-empty set of methodsConfigurableApplicationContext context = this.applicationContext;Assert.state(context != null, "No ApplicationContext set");List<EventListenerFactory> factories = this.eventListenerFactories;Assert.state(factories != null, "EventListenerFactory List not initialized");for (Method method : annotatedMethods.keySet()) {for (EventListenerFactory factory : factories) {if (factory.supportsMethod(method)) {Method methodToUse = AopUtils.selectInvocableMethod(method, context.getType(beanName));ApplicationListener<?> applicationListener =factory.createApplicationListener(beanName, targetType, methodToUse);if (applicationListener instanceof ApplicationListenerMethodAdapter) {((ApplicationListenerMethodAdapter) applicationListener).init(context, this.evaluator);}context.addApplicationListener(applicationListener);break;}}}if (logger.isDebugEnabled()) {logger.debug(annotatedMethods.size() + " @EventListener methods processed on bean '" +beanName + "': " + annotatedMethods);}}}}

TransactionalEventListenerFactory仅支持TransactionalEventListener注解，生成ApplicationListenerMethodTransactionalAdapter的对象。

public class TransactionalEventListenerFactory implements EventListenerFactory, Ordered {private int order = 50;public TransactionalEventListenerFactory() {}public void setOrder(int order) {this.order = order;}public int getOrder() {return this.order;}public boolean supportsMethod(Method method) {return AnnotatedElementUtils.hasAnnotation(method, TransactionalEventListener.class);}public ApplicationListener<?> createApplicationListener(String beanName, Class<?> type, Method method) {return new ApplicationListenerMethodTransactionalAdapter(beanName, type, method);}
}

在AbstractTransactionManagementConfiguration会引入TransactionalEventListenerFactory。

    @Bean(name = {"org.springframework.transaction.config.internalTransactionalEventListenerFactory"})@Role(2)public static TransactionalEventListenerFactory transactionalEventListenerFactory() {return new TransactionalEventListenerFactory();}

`ApplicationListenerMethodTransactionalAdapter`

发布事件，主要是创建了TransactionSynchronization，注册到了TransactionSynchronizationManager

    public void onApplicationEvent(ApplicationEvent event) {if (TransactionSynchronizationManager.isSynchronizationActive() && TransactionSynchronizationManager.isActualTransactionActive()) {TransactionSynchronization transactionSynchronization = this.createTransactionSynchronization(event);TransactionSynchronizationManager.registerSynchronization(transactionSynchronization);} else if (this.annotation.fallbackExecution()) {if (this.annotation.phase() == TransactionPhase.AFTER_ROLLBACK && this.logger.isWarnEnabled()) {this.logger.warn("Processing " + event + " as a fallback execution on AFTER_ROLLBACK phase");}this.processEvent(event);} else if (this.logger.isDebugEnabled()) {this.logger.debug("No transaction is active - skipping " + event);}}

事务提交

TransactionSynchronizationUtils#invokeAfterCompletion，事务提交会遍历TransactionSynchronization执行afterCompletion方法

    public static void invokeAfterCompletion(@Nullable List<TransactionSynchronization> synchronizations, int completionStatus) {if (synchronizations != null) {Iterator var2 = synchronizations.iterator();while(var2.hasNext()) {TransactionSynchronization synchronization = (TransactionSynchronization)var2.next();try {synchronization.afterCompletion(completionStatus);} catch (Throwable var5) {logger.error("TransactionSynchronization.afterCompletion threw exception", var5);}}}

ApplicationListenerMethodTransactionalAdapter.TransactionSynchronizationEventAdapter#afterCompletion，调用事件监听器的processEvent方法，会反射调用被@TransactionalEventListener修饰的方法。

        public void afterCompletion(int status) {if (this.phase == TransactionPhase.AFTER_COMMIT && status == 0) {this.processEvent();} else if (this.phase == TransactionPhase.AFTER_ROLLBACK && status == 1) {this.processEvent();} else if (this.phase == TransactionPhase.AFTER_COMPLETION) {this.processEvent();}}protected void processEvent() {this.listener.processEvent(this.event);}

使用`TransactionSynchronizationManager` 和 `TransactionSynchronizationAdapter`

demo展示

@Autowired
private UserDao userDao;
@Autowired
private JmsProducer jmsProducer;public User saveUser(User user) {// 保存用户userDao.save(user);final int userId = user.getId();// 兼容无论是否有事务if(TransactionSynchronizationManager.isActualTransactionActive()) {TransactionSynchronizationManager.registerSynchronization(new TransactionSynchronizationAdapter() {@Overridepublic void afterCommit() {jmsProducer.sendEmail(userId);}});} else {jmsProducer.sendEmail(userId);}
}

在这里插入图片描述

标题复制10行，并且每行大于10个字符【Spring事务】Spring事务事件控制，解决业务异步操作【Spring事务】Spring事务事件控制，解决业务异步操作，并且每行大于10个字符【Spring事务】Spring事务事件控制，解决业务异步操作

使用背景

使用注解@TransactionalEventListener

demo展示

源码解析

EventListenerMethodProcessor

ApplicationListenerMethodTransactionalAdapter

事务提交

使用TransactionSynchronizationManager 和 TransactionSynchronizationAdapter

demo展示

相关文章：

使用注解`@TransactionalEventListener`

`EventListenerMethodProcessor`

`ApplicationListenerMethodTransactionalAdapter`

使用`TransactionSynchronizationManager` 和 `TransactionSynchronizationAdapter`