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Springboot +spring security，自定义认证和授权异常处理器

news 2026/5/23 21:52:42

一.简介

在Spring Security中异常分为两种：

AuthenticationException 认证异常
AccessDeniedException 权限异常我们先给大家演示下如何自定义异常处理器，然后再结合源码帮助大家进行分析

二.创建项目

如何创建一个SpringSecurity项目，前面文章已经有说明了，这里就不重复写了。

三.自定义异常处理器

3.1配置SecurityConfig

这里主要是authenticationEntryPoint和accessDeniedHandler配置，代码如下：

@Beanpublic SecurityFilterChain config(HttpSecurity http) throws Exception {http.authorizeHttpRequests().anyRequest().authenticated().and().formLogin().loginPage("/login.html").loginProcessingUrl("/login").permitAll().and().cors().configurationSource(corsConfigurationSource()).and().exceptionHandling().authenticationEntryPoint(new AuthenticationEntryPoint() {@Overridepublic void commence(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, AuthenticationException authException) throws IOException, ServletException {Map<String, Object> result = new HashMap<>();result.put("code", -1);result.put("msg", "authenticationEntryPoint");result.put("data", authException.getMessage());System.out.println("调用次数");writeResp(result, response);}}).accessDeniedHandler(new AccessDeniedHandler() {@Overridepublic void handle(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, AccessDeniedException accessDeniedException) throws IOException, ServletException {Map<String, Object> result = new HashMap<>();result.put("code", -1);result.put("msg", "accessDeniedHandler");result.put("data", accessDeniedException.getMessage());writeResp(result, response);}}).and().csrf().disable();http.headers().cacheControl();return http.build();}

3.2自定义登录页面

为什么要自定义登录页面呢，因为如果我们实现了异常处理端点，security 就不会将生成登录页面的过滤器加入，我们看下源码：“authenticationEntryPoint == null)”才会添加自定义生成登录页面的过滤器。

代码如下：

 public void configure(H http) {AuthenticationEntryPoint authenticationEntryPoint = null;ExceptionHandlingConfigurer<?> exceptionConf = http.getConfigurer(ExceptionHandlingConfigurer.class);if (exceptionConf != null) {authenticationEntryPoint = exceptionConf.getAuthenticationEntryPoint();}if (this.loginPageGeneratingFilter.isEnabled() && authenticationEntryPoint == null) {this.loginPageGeneratingFilter = postProcess(this.loginPageGeneratingFilter);http.addFilter(this.loginPageGeneratingFilter);LogoutConfigurer<H> logoutConfigurer = http.getConfigurer(LogoutConfigurer.class);if (logoutConfigurer != null) {http.addFilter(this.logoutPageGeneratingFilter);}}}

登陆页面代码：

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en" xmlns:th="http://www.thymeleaf.org">
<head><meta charset="UTF-8"><title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
<div th:text="SPRING_SECURITY_LAST_EXCEPTION"></div>
<form action="/login" method="post">用户名:<input name="username" type="text"><br>密码:<input name="password" type="password"><br><button type="submit">登陆</button>
</form>
</body>
</html>

3.3配置用户信息

代码如下：

spring.security.user.password=123456
spring.security.user.roles=admin
spring.security.user.name=lglbc

3.4添加controller

代码如下：

 @RequestMapping("/user")@PreAuthorize("hasRole('user')")public String user() {return "hello";}@RequestMapping("/admin")@PreAuthorize("hasRole('admin')")public String admin() {return "admin";}

3.4验证

验证匿名访问user接口

http://localhost:8080/user，截图如下：
在这里插入图片描述
返回的是自定义异常，被Authentication进行处理，稍后从源码角度分析。

验证登录后访问admin接口
在这里插入图片描述
请求成功，返回接口数据需要注意的是，如果实现了异常端点，想之前自动跳转到登录页面将不再生效，因为这些逻辑都是在默认的异常端点里面处理

3.5异常过滤器实现原理分析

上面讲到自定义异常端点的回调都是通过异常处理过滤器实现，我们现在就从这块开始看，首先，我们还是从入口开始找：.exceptionHandling() 点击.exceptionHandling()进入到代码中，我们发现我们熟悉的ExceptionHandlingConfigurer，代码如下：

public ExceptionHandlingConfigurer<HttpSecurity> exceptionHandling() throws Exception {return getOrApply(new ExceptionHandlingConfigurer<>());}

3.5.1init

ExceptionHandlingConfigurer没有重写，所以我们就直接看configure方法

3.5.2configure

 public void configure(H http) {AuthenticationEntryPoint entryPoint = getAuthenticationEntryPoint(http);ExceptionTranslationFilter exceptionTranslationFilter = new ExceptionTranslationFilter(entryPoint,getRequestCache(http));AccessDeniedHandler deniedHandler = getAccessDeniedHandler(http);exceptionTranslationFilter.setAccessDeniedHandler(deniedHandler);exceptionTranslationFilter = postProcess(exceptionTranslationFilter);http.addFilter(exceptionTranslationFilter);}

创建过滤 ExceptionTranslationFilter
获取两种异常的处理端点，如果我们配置了就会使用我们自己的，否则使用默认的 *

在这里插入图片描述

将端点配置到ExceptionTranslationFilter中
将ExceptionTranslationFilter 放到IOC容器中，并且放到过滤器链中 *

加入的时候，会获取过滤器的优先级，ExceptionTranslationFilter放在了AuthorizationFilter之前，这个后面讲到为什么这么做

在这里插入图片描述
看configure方法就是为了看它到底使用什么过滤器，现在我们直接看ExceptionTranslationFilter。

3.5.3ExceptionTranslationFilter

private void doFilter(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, FilterChain chain)throws IOException, ServletException {try {chain.doFilter(request, response);}catch (IOException ex) {throw ex;}catch (Exception ex) {// Try to extract a SpringSecurityException from the stacktraceThrowable[] causeChain = this.throwableAnalyzer.determineCauseChain(ex);RuntimeException securityException = (AuthenticationException) this.throwableAnalyzer.getFirstThrowableOfType(AuthenticationException.class, causeChain);if (securityException == null) {securityException = (AccessDeniedException) this.throwableAnalyzer.getFirstThrowableOfType(AccessDeniedException.class, causeChain);}if (securityException == null) {rethrow(ex);}if (response.isCommitted()) {throw new ServletException("Unable to handle the Spring Security Exception "+ "because the response is already committed.", ex);}handleSpringSecurityException(request, response, chain, securityException);}}

在doFilter方法中，异常过滤器直接调用了下个过滤器，并没有做什么

捕获执行下个过滤器的异常
将异常丢给handleSpringSecurityException()方法进行处理

handleSpringSecurityException类的代码如下：

private void handleSpringSecurityException(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response,FilterChain chain, RuntimeException exception) throws IOException, ServletException {if (exception instanceof AuthenticationException) {handleAuthenticationException(request, response, chain, (AuthenticationException) exception);}else if (exception instanceof AccessDeniedException) {handleAccessDeniedException(request, response, chain, (AccessDeniedException) exception);}}

根据异常类型不同，分别调用不同的处理方法

handleAuthenticationException类代码如下：

private void handleAuthenticationException(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response,FilterChain chain, AuthenticationException exception) throws ServletException, IOException {this.logger.trace("Sending to authentication entry point since authentication failed", exception);sendStartAuthentication(request, response, chain, exception);}protected void sendStartAuthentication(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, FilterChain chain,AuthenticationException reason) throws ServletException, IOException {// SEC-112: Clear the SecurityContextHolder's Authentication, as the// existing Authentication is no longer considered validSecurityContext context = SecurityContextHolder.createEmptyContext();SecurityContextHolder.setContext(context);this.requestCache.saveRequest(request, response);this.authenticationEntryPoint.commence(request, response, reason);}

这个是直接调用了this.authenticationEntryPoint.commence方法，authenticationEntryPoint讲过，如果我们配置了就使用配置的，否则使用默认的端点处理

handleAccessDeniedException类代码如下：

private void handleAccessDeniedException(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response,FilterChain chain, AccessDeniedException exception) throws ServletException, IOException {Authentication authentication = SecurityContextHolder.getContext().getAuthentication();boolean isAnonymous = this.authenticationTrustResolver.isAnonymous(authentication);if (isAnonymous || this.authenticationTrustResolver.isRememberMe(authentication)) {sendStartAuthentication(request, response, chain,new InsufficientAuthenticationException(this.messages.getMessage("ExceptionTranslationFilter.insufficientAuthentication","Full authentication is required to access this resource")));}else {this.accessDeniedHandler.handle(request, response, exception);}}

这个处理逻辑和前面有点不同

如果未登录或者是rememberMe，则还是调用sendStartAuthentication
否则调用this.accessDeniedHandler.handle（），这个和前面的逻辑一致

四.最后用一张图总结

在这里插入图片描述

一.简介

二.创建项目

三.自定义异常处理器

3.1配置SecurityConfig

3.2自定义登录页面

3.3配置用户信息

3.4添加controller

3.4验证

3.5异常过滤器实现原理分析

3.5.1init

3.5.2configure

3.5.3ExceptionTranslationFilter

四.最后用一张图总结

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