51单片机学习--蜂鸣器播放音乐

由原理图可知，蜂鸣器BEEP与P1_5 相关，但其实这个原理图有错，实测接的是P2_5
下面这个代码就是以500HZ的频率响500ms的例子

sbit Buzzer = P2^5;unsigned char KeyNum;
unsigned int i;void main()
{while(1){KeyNum = Key();if(KeyNum){for(i = 0; i < 500; i ++) {Buzzer = !Buzzer;Delay(1);// 1ms翻转一次，周期就是2ms,频率就是500HZ } //一共会响500ms}}
}

接下来先把这个发出声响的代码封装成Buzzer模块，接下来的目标是实现发出不同音调的声响

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先来看用定时器实现的蜂鸣器发生，每次中断就翻转一次Buzzer，中断每1ms执行一次，所以翻转周期是2ms，音调一样

#include <REGX52.H>
#include "Timer0.h"
#include "Delay.h"sbit Buzzer = P2^5;void main()
{Timer0_Init();while(1){}
}void Timer0_Routine() interrupt 1
{TL0 = 0x66;		//设置定时初值TH0 = 0xFC;		//设置定时初值Buzzer = !Buzzer;
}

只要更改中断函数中的定时初值，翻转需要的的时长就会变化，从而改变声音的周期进而改变音调

比如中央C的重装载值是64580，这个声调对应的初值如下

void Timer0_Routine() interrupt 1
{TL0 = 64580 % 256;		//设置定时初值TH0 = 64580 / 256;		//设置定时初值Buzzer = !Buzzer;
}

接下来只要稍微费点力气，把所有重装载值整理到一个数组里，使数组的每个序号对应一个音调，需要的时候调用序号就行

unsigned int FreqTable[] = { //中央C以及高八度低八度的音调由低到高63628,63731,63835,63928,64021,64103,64185,64260,64331,64400,64463,64528,64580,64633,64684,64732,64777,64820,64860,64898,64934,64968,65000,65030,65058,65085,65110,65134,65157,65178,65198,65217,65235,65252,65268,65283
};

扒出小星星的简谱，把音调对应的数组序号存到一个Music数组里，按序遍历这个数组就能比较完整地播放一首小星星啦

#include <REGX52.H>
#include "Timer0.h"
#include "Delay.h"sbit Buzzer = P2^5;unsigned int FreqTable[] = {63628,63731,63835,63928,64021,64103,64185,64260,64331,64400,64463,64528,64580,64633,64684,64732,64777,64820,64860,64898,64934,64968,65000,65030,65058,65085,65110,65134,65157,65178,65198,65217,65235,65252,65268,65283
};unsigned char FreqSelect, MusicSelect;unsigned char Music[] = {12,12,19,19,21,21,19,17,17,16,16,14,14,12};
//小星星简谱音调对应的数组下标（前两句）void main()
{Timer0_Init();while(1){FreqSelect = Music[MusicSelect];MusicSelect ++;Delay(500); //音符时长，可修改TR0 = 0; //定时器关闭，自然停顿，否则两个连音之间没有了间隔Delay(5);TR0 = 1; //定时器开启}
}void Timer0_Routine() interrupt 1
{TL0 = FreqTable[FreqSelect] % 256;		//设置定时初值TH0 = FreqTable[FreqSelect] / 256;		//设置定时初值Buzzer = !Buzzer;
}

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但这样还不完美，每个音符只能固定地响500ms，想要自主控制音符的时长，则又需要一个数组来记录每个音符的长度！十六分音符记为1，八分音符记为2，四分音符记为4。。。。。

#include <REGX52.H>
#include "Timer0.h"
#include "Delay.h"sbit Buzzer = P2^5;unsigned int FreqTable[] = {63628,63731,63835,63928,64021,64103,64185,64260,64331,64400,64463,64528,64580,64633,64684,64732,64777,64820,64860,64898,64934,64968,65000,65030,65058,65085,65110,65134,65157,65178,65198,65217,65235,65252,65268,65283
};unsigned char FreqSelect, MusicSelect;unsigned char Music[] = {12,12,19,19,21,21,19,17,17,16,16,14,14,12};
//小星星简谱音调对应的数组下标（前两句）unsigned char Music2[] ={4,4,4,4,4,4,8,4,4,4,4,4,4,8};
//每个音符的时长void main()
{Timer0_Init();while(1){FreqSelect = Music[MusicSelect];Delay(125 * Music2[MusicSelect]);MusicSelect ++;TR0 = 0; //定时器关闭，自然停顿，否则两个连音之间没有了间隔Delay(5);TR0 = 1; //定时器开启}
}void Timer0_Routine() interrupt 1
{TL0 = FreqTable[FreqSelect] % 256;		//设置定时初值TH0 = FreqTable[FreqSelect] / 256;		//设置定时初值Buzzer = !Buzzer;
}

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最后还有一点，歌曲中不是一直都有声音的，所以需要有休止符，不发声，在音调数组的最后加上一个0，这样Music数组中也能存休止符了，中断函数中特判一下，不为0时才发声
以下就是一个比较完整地蜂鸣器播放音乐的代码了！

#include <REGX52.H>
#include "Timer0.h"
#include "Delay.h"sbit Buzzer = P2^5;unsigned int FreqTable[] = {63628,63731,63835,63928,64021,64103,64185,64260,64331,64400,64463,64528,64580,64633,64684,64732,64777,64820,64860,64898,64934,64968,65000,65030,65058,65085,65110,65134,65157,65178,65198,65217,65235,65252,65268,65283,0
}; //最后一个是休止符unsigned char FreqSelect, MusicSelect;unsigned char Music[] = {12,12,19,19,21,21,19,17,17,16,16,14,14,12};
//小星星简谱音调对应的数组下标（前两句）unsigned char Music2[] ={4,4,4,4,4,4,8,4,4,4,4,4,4,8};
//每个音符的时长void main()
{Timer0_Init();while(1){FreqSelect = Music[MusicSelect];Delay(125 * Music2[MusicSelect]);MusicSelect ++;TR0 = 0; //定时器关闭，自然停顿，否则两个连音之间没有了间隔Delay(5);TR0 = 1; //定时器开启}
}void Timer0_Routine() interrupt 1
{if(FreqTable[FreqSelect] != 0) //若不为休止符{TL0 = FreqTable[FreqSelect] % 256;		//设置定时初值TH0 = FreqTable[FreqSelect] / 256;		//设置定时初值Buzzer = !Buzzer;}
}

最后一个问题，当歌曲音符比较多变化复杂的时候，数据量巨大，数组存不下，那么就要用到之前的方法，在Music数组前加上关键字code ，把数据存到flash里面，同时使数据变成只可读取，不可更改