SpringAMQP消息队列（SpringBoot集成RabbitMQ）

一、初始配置

1、导入maven坐标

<!--rabbitmq--><dependency><groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId><artifactId>spring-boot-starter-amqp</artifactId></dependency>

2、yml配置

spring:rabbitmq:host: 你的rabbitmq的ipport: 5672username: guestpassword: guest

二、基本消息队列

1、创建队列

访问接口：http://localhost:15672，账号密码都为guest

进入后左下角有Add queue添加队列，我已添加队列为MqTest1

2、发布消息

@SpringBootTest
class RabbitMQDemoPublishApplicationTests {@Autowiredprivate RabbitTemplate rabbitTemplate;@Testvoid contextLoads() {String queue="MqTest1";String message="message1";rabbitTemplate.convertAndSend(queue,message);}}

此时可以看到队列有一个消息

3、接受消息

package com.rabbitmqdemoconsumer.rabbitmq;import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.annotation.RabbitListener;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;@Component
public class SpringRabbitLeistener {@RabbitListener(queues = "MqTest1")public void listenSimpleQueueMessage(String msg){System.out.println("接收到的消息："+msg);}
}

此时控制台输出接收到的消息

三、工作消息队列（Work Queue）

可以提高消息处理速度，避免队列消息堆积

1、发布消息

@SpringBootTest
class RabbitMQDemoPublishApplicationTests {@Autowiredprivate RabbitTemplate rabbitTemplate;@Testvoid contextLoads() {String queue="MqTest1";String message="message1";for (int i=0;i<10;i++){rabbitTemplate.convertAndSend(queue,message);}}}

此时队列有10条消息

2、接受消息

package com.rabbitmqdemoconsumer.rabbitmq;import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.annotation.RabbitListener;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;@Component
public class SpringRabbitLeistener {@RabbitListener(queues = "MqTest1")public void listenSimpleQueueMessage1(String msg){System.out.println("consume1接收到的消息："+msg);}@RabbitListener(queues = "MqTest1")public void listenSimpleQueueMessage2(String msg){System.out.println("consume2接收到的消息："+msg);}
}

控制台输出结果

consume1接收到的消息：message1
consume2接收到的消息：message1
consume1接收到的消息：message1
consume2接收到的消息：message1
consume1接收到的消息：message1
consume2接收到的消息：message1
consume1接收到的消息：message1
consume2接收到的消息：message1
consume1接收到的消息：message1
consume2接收到的消息：message1

4、消息预取问题

但是此时有一个问题就是消息预取，比如队列有10条消息，两个消费者各自直接先预取5个消息，如果一个消费者接受消息的速度慢，一个快，就会导致一个消费者已经完成工作，另一个还在慢慢处理，会造成消息堆积消费者身上，要解决这个问题需要在yml文件配置相关配置

  rabbitmq:host: 43.140.244.236port: 5672username: guestpassword: guestvirtual-host: /listener:simple:prefetch: 1 #每次只能取一个，处理完才能取下一个消息

这样可以避免消息预取导致堆积

四、发布订阅模式

exchange是交换机，负责消息路由，但不存储消息，路由失败则消息丢失

五、发布订阅模式之广播模式（Fanout）

1、Fanout配置类（@Bean声明）

package com.rabbitmqdemoconsumer.config;import org.springframework.amqp.core.Binding;
import org.springframework.amqp.core.BindingBuilder;
import org.springframework.amqp.core.FanoutExchange;
import org.springframework.amqp.core.Queue;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;@Configuration
public class FanountConfig {//交换机声明@Beanpublic FanoutExchange fanoutExchange(){return new FanoutExchange("FanountExchange");}//声明队列1@Beanpublic Queue Fanount_Qeueue1(){return new Queue("Fanount_Qeueue1");}//声明队列2@Beanpublic Queue Fanount_Qeueue2(){return new Queue("Fanount_Qeueue2");}//绑定交换机和队列@Beanpublic Binding bindingFanount_Qeueue1(Queue Fanount_Qeueue1,FanoutExchange fanoutExchange){return BindingBuilder.bind(Fanount_Qeueue1).to(fanoutExchange);}@Beanpublic Binding bindingFanount_Qeueue2(Queue Fanount_Qeueue2,FanoutExchange fanoutExchange){return BindingBuilder.bind(Fanount_Qeueue2).to(fanoutExchange);}
}

可以看到声明的队列

已经声明的交换机（第一个）

绑定关系

2、发送消息

首先发送10条消息，经过交换机转发到队列

@SpringBootTest
class RabbitMQDemoPublishApplicationTests {@Autowiredprivate RabbitTemplate rabbitTemplate;@Testvoid contextLoads2() {String exchange="FanountExchange";String message="message";for (int i=0;i<10;i++){rabbitTemplate.convertAndSend(exchange,"",message);}}}

此时可以看到两个队列各自有十条消息

3、接受消息

 //监听交换机Fanount_Qeueue1@RabbitListener(queues = "Fanount_Qeueue1")public void listenFanountQeueue1(String msg){System.out.println("Fanount_Qeueue1接收到的消息："+msg);}//监听交换机Fanount_Qeueue2@RabbitListener(queues = "Fanount_Qeueue2")public void listenFanountQeueue2(String msg){System.out.println("Fanount_Qeueue2接收到的消息："+msg);}

控制台结果如下（共发送20条，每个队列10条）

Fanount_Qeueue1接收到的消息：message
Fanount_Qeueue1接收到的消息：message
Fanount_Qeueue1接收到的消息：message
Fanount_Qeueue1接收到的消息：message
Fanount_Qeueue2接收到的消息：message
Fanount_Qeueue1接收到的消息：message
Fanount_Qeueue2接收到的消息：message
Fanount_Qeueue1接收到的消息：message
Fanount_Qeueue2接收到的消息：message
Fanount_Qeueue1接收到的消息：message
Fanount_Qeueue2接收到的消息：message
Fanount_Qeueue1接收到的消息：message
Fanount_Qeueue2接收到的消息：message
Fanount_Qeueue1接收到的消息：message
Fanount_Qeueue2接收到的消息：message
Fanount_Qeueue2接收到的消息：message
Fanount_Qeueue2接收到的消息：message
Fanount_Qeueue2接收到的消息：message

六、发布订阅模式之路由模式（Direct）

会将消息根据规则路由到指定的队列

1、声明（基于@RabbitListener声明）

package com.rabbitmqdemoconsumer.rabbitmq;import org.springframework.amqp.core.ExchangeTypes;
import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.annotation.Exchange;
import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.annotation.Queue;
import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.annotation.QueueBinding;
import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.annotation.RabbitListener;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;@Component
public class SpringRabbitLeistener {/*** 绑定交换机和队列，并为key赋值* @param msg*/@RabbitListener(bindings = @QueueBinding(value = @Queue(name = "DirectQueue1"),exchange = @Exchange(name = "DirectExchange",type = ExchangeTypes.DIRECT),key = {"red","blue"}))public void listenDirectQueue1(String msg){System.out.println("listenDirectQueue1接收到的消息："+msg);}@RabbitListener(bindings = @QueueBinding(value = @Queue(name = "DirectQueue2"),exchange = @Exchange(name = "DirectExchange",type = ExchangeTypes.DIRECT),key = {"red","yellow"}))public void listenDirectQueue2(String msg){System.out.println("listenDirectQueue2接收到的消息："+msg);}
}

此时可以看到声明的队列

声明的交换机（第一个）

绑定关系

2、发送给blue

发送消息

@SpringBootTest
class RabbitMQDemoPublishApplicationTests {@Autowiredprivate RabbitTemplate rabbitTemplate;@Testvoid contextLoads2() {String exchange="DirectExchange";String message="HelloWorld";for (int i=0;i<10;i++){rabbitTemplate.convertAndSend(exchange,"blue",message);}}}

接收消息

listenDirectQueue1(red,blue)接收到的消息：HelloWorld
listenDirectQueue1(red,blue)接收到的消息：HelloWorld
listenDirectQueue1(red,blue)接收到的消息：HelloWorld
listenDirectQueue1(red,blue)接收到的消息：HelloWorld
listenDirectQueue1(red,blue)接收到的消息：HelloWorld
listenDirectQueue1(red,blue)接收到的消息：HelloWorld
listenDirectQueue1(red,blue)接收到的消息：HelloWorld
listenDirectQueue1(red,blue)接收到的消息：HelloWorld
listenDirectQueue1(red,blue)接收到的消息：HelloWorld
listenDirectQueue1(red,blue)接收到的消息：HelloWorld

3、发送给red

发送消息

@SpringBootTest
class RabbitMQDemoPublishApplicationTests {@Autowiredprivate RabbitTemplate rabbitTemplate;@Testvoid contextLoads2() {String exchange="DirectExchange";String message="HelloWorld";for (int i=0;i<10;i++){rabbitTemplate.convertAndSend(exchange,"blue",message);}}}

接收消息

listenDirectQueue1(red,blue)接收到的消息：HelloWorld
listenDirectQueue2(red,yellow)接收到的消息：HelloWorld
listenDirectQueue2(red,yellow)接收到的消息：HelloWorld
listenDirectQueue1(red,blue)接收到的消息：HelloWorld
listenDirectQueue1(red,blue)接收到的消息：HelloWorld
listenDirectQueue2(red,yellow)接收到的消息：HelloWorld
listenDirectQueue1(red,blue)接收到的消息：HelloWorld
listenDirectQueue2(red,yellow)接收到的消息：HelloWorld
listenDirectQueue2(red,yellow)接收到的消息：HelloWorld
listenDirectQueue1(red,blue)接收到的消息：HelloWorld
listenDirectQueue2(red,yellow)接收到的消息：HelloWorld
listenDirectQueue1(red,blue)接收到的消息：HelloWorld
listenDirectQueue2(red,yellow)接收到的消息：HelloWorld
listenDirectQueue1(red,blue)接收到的消息：HelloWorld
listenDirectQueue1(red,blue)接收到的消息：HelloWorld
listenDirectQueue2(red,yellow)接收到的消息：HelloWorld
listenDirectQueue2(red,yellow)接收到的消息：HelloWorld
listenDirectQueue1(red,blue)接收到的消息：HelloWorld
listenDirectQueue2(red,yellow)接收到的消息：HelloWorld
listenDirectQueue1(red,blue)接收到的消息：HelloWorld

七、发布订阅模式之广播模式（Topic）

Queue与Exchange指定BindingKey可以使用通配符：

#：代指0个或多个单词

*：代指一个单词

比如：

bindingkey: china.# ->中国的所有消息

bindingkey: #.weather ->所以国家的天气

1、声明

@RabbitListener(bindings = @QueueBinding(value = @Queue(name = "TopicQueue1"),exchange = @Exchange(name = "TopicExchange",type = ExchangeTypes.TOPIC),key = {"china.#"}))
public void listenTopicQueue1(String msg){System.out.println("listenTopicQueue1接收到的消息："+msg);
}@RabbitListener(bindings = @QueueBinding(value = @Queue(name = "TopicQueue2"),exchange = @Exchange(name = "TopicExchange",type = ExchangeTypes.TOPIC),key = {"#.news"}
))
public void listenTopicQueue2(String msg){System.out.println("listenTopicQueue2接收到的消息："+msg);
}

队列

交换机（第四个）

绑定关系

2、发送消息（测试1）

package com.rabbitmqdemo;import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.core.RabbitTemplate;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootTest;@SpringBootTest
class RabbitMQDemoPublishApplicationTests {@Autowiredprivate RabbitTemplate rabbitTemplate;@Testvoid contextLoads2() {String exchange="TopicExchange";String message="HelloWorld";for (int i=0;i<10;i++){rabbitTemplate.convertAndSend(exchange,"china.news",message);}}}

接收消息

TopicQueue2接收到的消息：HelloWorld
TopicQueue1接收到的消息：HelloWorld
TopicQueue2接收到的消息：HelloWorld
TopicQueue1接收到的消息：HelloWorld
TopicQueue2接收到的消息：HelloWorld
TopicQueue1接收到的消息：HelloWorld
TopicQueue2接收到的消息：HelloWorld
TopicQueue1接收到的消息：HelloWorld
TopicQueue2接收到的消息：HelloWorld
TopicQueue1接收到的消息：HelloWorld
TopicQueue2接收到的消息：HelloWorld
TopicQueue1接收到的消息：HelloWorld
TopicQueue2接收到的消息：HelloWorld
TopicQueue1接收到的消息：HelloWorld
TopicQueue2接收到的消息：HelloWorld
TopicQueue1接收到的消息：HelloWorld
TopicQueue2接收到的消息：HelloWorld
TopicQueue1接收到的消息：HelloWorld
TopicQueue1接收到的消息：HelloWorld
TopicQueue2接收到的消息：HelloWorld

3、发送消息（测试2）

发送消息

package com.rabbitmqdemo;import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.core.RabbitTemplate;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootTest;@SpringBootTest
class RabbitMQDemoPublishApplicationTests {@Autowiredprivate RabbitTemplate rabbitTemplate;@Testvoid contextLoads2() {String exchange="TopicExchange";String message="HelloWorld";for (int i=0;i<10;i++){rabbitTemplate.convertAndSend(exchange,"china.weather",message);}}}

接收消息

TopicQueue1接收到的消息：HelloWorld
TopicQueue1接收到的消息：HelloWorld
TopicQueue1接收到的消息：HelloWorld
TopicQueue1接收到的消息：HelloWorld
TopicQueue1接收到的消息：HelloWorld
TopicQueue1接收到的消息：HelloWorld
TopicQueue1接收到的消息：HelloWorld
TopicQueue1接收到的消息：HelloWorld
TopicQueue1接收到的消息：HelloWorld
TopicQueue1接收到的消息：HelloWorld