阿里云ubuntu服务器搭建ftp服务器

服务器环境

阿里云上的云服务器，操作系统为 ubuntu20.04。

安装步骤

一.创建用户

为什么需要创建用户？
这里的用户，指的是linux系统的用户（当然，也可以设置匿名登录ftp服务器，但是这样安全性不高，不推荐！！）。

创建用户方法：

sudo useradd -d /home/ftp/uftp -M uftp   //  用户名为uftp，用户目录为/home/ftp/uftp
sudo passwd uftp    //设置密码
chomd 755 -r /home/ftp/uftp	//修改目录权限

其它命令：

##限定用户test不能telnet，只能ftp
usermod -s /sbin/nologin uftp   
##用户test恢复正常
usermod -s /sbin/bash uftp 

二.安装 vsftp

sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install vsftpd

三 配置vsftp

1 修改 vsftpd.conf 配置文件·

sudo vi /etc/vsftpd.conf

# Example config file /etc/vsftpd.conf
#
# The default compiled in settings are fairly paranoid. This sample file
# loosens things up a bit, to make the ftp daemon more usable.
# Please see vsftpd.conf.5 for all compiled in defaults.
#
# READ THIS: This example file is NOT an exhaustive list of vsftpd options.
# Please read the vsftpd.conf.5 manual page to get a full idea of vsftpd's
# capabilities.
#
#
# Run standalone?  vsftpd can run either from an inetd or as a standalone
# daemon started from an initscript.
listen=YES
#
# This directive enables listening on IPv6 sockets. By default, listening
# on the IPv6 "any" address (::) will accept connections from both IPv6
# and IPv4 clients. It is not necessary to listen on *both* IPv4 and IPv6
# sockets. If you want that (perhaps because you want to listen on specific
# addresses) then you must run two copies of vsftpd with two configuration
# files.
#listen_ipv6=YES
#
# Allow anonymous FTP? (Disabled by default).
# 是否允许匿名ftp登录
anonymous_enable=NO
#
# Uncomment this to allow local users to log in.
# 是否允许本地用户登录ftp服务器
local_enable=YES
#
# Uncomment this to enable any form of FTP write command.
# 是否允许ftp用户执行写入操作
write_enable=YES
#
# Default umask for local users is 077. You may wish to change this to 022,
# if your users expect that (022 is used by most other ftpd's)
# 设置本地用户的默认umask值。
# # umask是一个三位八进制数，用来控制新建文件或目录的访问权限。
# # 在FTP服务器中，local_umask选项用来设置本地用户上传文件或创建目录时的默认权限。
# # 默认情况下，local_umask的值为077，表示新建的文件或目录权限为只有所有者可读、可写、可执行，其他用户无权访问。
# # 如果你的用户希望默认权限为所有者可读、可写、可执行，其他用户可读、可执行，则可以将local_umask的值设置为022。
local_umask=022
#
# Uncomment this to allow the anonymous FTP user to upload files. This only
# has an effect if the above global write enable is activated. Also, you will
# obviously need to create a directory writable by the FTP user.
# 设置是否允许匿名FTP用户上传文件
#anon_upload_enable=YES
#
# Uncomment this if you want the anonymous FTP user to be able to create
# new directories.
# 设置是否允许匿名FTP用户创建新目录。
#anon_mkdir_write_enable=YES
#
# Activate directory messages - messages given to remote users when they
# go into a certain directory.
# 这段配置文件是用来设置是否启用目录消息功能。
# 如果设置为YES，则表示启用目录消息功能。当远程用户进入某个目录时，会显示该目录的消息。
dirmessage_enable=YES
#
# If enabled, vsftpd will display directory listings with the time
# in  your  local  time  zone.  The default is to display GMT. The
# times returned by the MDTM FTP command are also affected by this
# option.
# 设置是否启用本地时间功能。
# 启用本地时间功能后，vsftpd将会在目录列表中显示本地时间而非GMT时间
use_localtime=YES
#
# Activate logging of uploads/downloads.
# 启用上传和下载日志记录功能。
# 启用该功能后，vsftpd会记录每个用户的上传和下载操作，并将其记录到指定的日志文件中。
xferlog_enable=YES
#
# Make sure PORT transfer connections originate from port 20 (ftp-data).
# connect_from_port_20=YES
connect_from_port_20=YES
#
# If you want, you can arrange for uploaded anonymous files to be owned by
# a different user. Note! Using "root" for uploaded files is not
# recommended!
# 设置匿名用户上传的文件的所有者。
# 设置为YES，则表示上传的文件将会被转换为指定用户的所有权。
chown_uploads=YES
# 设置为指定的用户名。
#chown_username=whoever
#
# You may override where the log file goes if you like. The default is shown
# below.
# 设置vsftpd日志文件的路径。该路径必须具有可写权限，并且对于vsftpd进程来说，必须具有可访问权限。
#xferlog_file=/var/log/vsftpd.log
#
# If you want, you can have your log file in standard ftpd xferlog format.
# Note that the default log file location is /var/log/xferlog in this case.
# 置vsftpd日志文件的格式。设备为YES则存储为标准ftpd xferlog格式。
#xferlog_std_format=YES
#
# You may change the default value for timing out an idle session.
# 设置vsftpd空闲会话超时的时间（以秒为单位）。
#idle_session_timeout=600
#
# You may change the default value for timing out a data connection.
# 设置vsftpd数据连接超时的时间（以秒为单位）。
#data_connection_timeout=120
#
# It is recommended that you define on your system a unique user which the
# ftp server can use as a totally isolated and unprivileged user.
# vsftpd建议在系统中定义一个唯一的用户，供FTP服务器使用，作为完全隔离和无特权的用户
# nopriv_user选项可以用来指定该用户的用户名。
#nopriv_user=ftpsecure
#
# Enable this and the server will recognise asynchronous ABOR requests. Not
# recommended for security (the code is non-trivial). Not enabling it,
# however, may confuse older FTP clients.
# 用于启用异步ABOR请求的识别
async_abor_enable=YES
#
# By default the server will pretend to allow ASCII mode but in fact ignore
# the request. Turn on the below options to have the server actually do ASCII
# mangling on files when in ASCII mode.
# Beware that on some FTP servers, ASCII support allows a denial of service
# attack (DoS) via the command "SIZE /big/file" in ASCII mode. vsftpd
# predicted this attack and has always been safe, reporting the size of the
# raw file.
# ASCII mangling is a horrible feature of the protocol.
# 用于控制FTP服务器是否启用ASCII模式下的文件转换功能。
#ascii_upload_enable=YES
#ascii_download_enable=YES
#
# You may fully customise the login banner string:
# vsftpd的登录横幅的设置，你可以理解为登录成功后的欢迎词。
#ftpd_banner=Welcome to blah FTP service.
#
# You may specify a file of disallowed anonymous e-mail addresses. Apparently
# useful for combatting certain DoS attacks.
#deny_email_enable=YES
# (default follows)
# 设备是否拒绝匿名电子邮件地址
#banned_email_file=/etc/vsftpd.banned_emails
#
# You may restrict local users to their home directories.  See the FAQ for
# the possible risks in this before using chroot_local_user or
# chroot_list_enable below.
# 设备限制本地用户仅访问其home目录。
# 果启用，则本地用户将仅访问其home目录和其子目录，无法访问其他目录
chroot_local_user=YES
#
# You may specify an explicit list of local users to chroot() to their home
# directory. If chroot_local_user is YES, then this list becomes a list of
# users to NOT chroot().
# (Warning! chroot'ing can be very dangerous. If using chroot, make sure that
# the user does not have write access to the top level directory within the
# chroot)
# 是否允许本地用户，是否将本地用户限制在其主目录中，如果设置为YES，则不会将列在chroot_list_file中的用户限制在其主目录中。
chroot_local_user=YES
# 是否启用chroot_list_file列表，用于指定哪些用户不应该被限制在主目录中
#chroot_list_enable=YES
# (default follows)
# 指定了chroot_list_file列表的路径和名称。一行一个用户名。
chroot_list_file=/etc/vsftpd.chroot_list
#
# You may activate the "-R" option to the builtin ls. This is disabled by
# default to avoid remote users being able to cause excessive I/O on large
# sites. However, some broken FTP clients such as "ncftp" and "mirror" assume
# the presence of the "-R" option, so there is a strong case for enabling it.
#ls_recurse_enable=YES
#
# Customization
#
# Some of vsftpd's settings don't fit the filesystem layout by
# default.
#
# This option should be the name of a directory which is empty.  Also, the
# directory should not be writable by the ftp user. This directory is used
# as a secure chroot() jail at times vsftpd does not require filesystem
# access.
secure_chroot_dir=/var/run/vsftpd/empty
#
# This string is the name of the PAM service vsftpd will use.
pam_service_name=vsftpd
#
# This option specifies the location of the RSA certificate to use for SSL
# encrypted connections.
# 是否启用SSL加密连接。
rsa_cert_file=/etc/ssl/certs/ssl-cert-snakeoil.pem
rsa_private_key_file=/etc/ssl/private/ssl-cert-snakeoil.key
ssl_enable=NOlocal_root=/home/ftp/uftp#
# Uncomment this to indicate that vsftpd use a utf8 filesystem.
#utf8_filesystem=YES
#
#
#allow_writeable_chroot=YES
pasv_enable=YES
pasv_min_port=40000
pasv_max_port=40010
tcp_wrappers=YES
listen_port=21
pasv_address=云服务公有ip地址

参考上述描述。需要特别注意的是最后几行的信息：

其他配置描述，参考说明吧。

2 配置用户
新建 /etc/vsftpd.chroot_list 文件，在里面添加登录ftp服务器的linux用户

sudo vim /etc/vsftpd.chroot_list

在里面添加一行内容：uftp （其中uftp为我之前创建的用户名）

3. 服务重启，配置生效

sudo /etc/init.d/vsftpd restart

4. 本地登录验证
   ftp服务配置完成后，可以现在本地登录验证ftp 127.0.0.1

hejj@XKUbuntu2004:~$ ftp 127.0.0.1
Connected to 127.0.0.1.
220 (vsFTPd 3.0.3)
Name (127.0.0.1:hejj): uftp
331 Please specify the password.
Password:
230 Login successful.
Remote system type is UNIX.
Using binary mode to transfer files.
ftp> 

四.配置阿里云安全组

由于配置文件：vsftpd.conf中配置的端口为20、21、40000~40010，所以需要在阿里云安全组中打开响应的端口，才能外部访问。