Spring Boot中实现发送文本、带附件和HTML邮件

SpringBoot实现发送邮箱

引言

在现代应用程序中，电子邮件通常是不可或缺的一部分。在Spring Boot中，你可以轻松地实现发送不同类型的邮件，包括文本、带附件和HTML邮件。本博客将向你展示如何使用Spring Boot发送这些不同类型的电子邮件。

步骤一：导入依赖

<dependency><groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId><artifactId>spring-boot-starter-mail</artifactId>
</dependency>

步骤二：配置邮箱信息

mail:# 邮件 SMTP 服务器的主机名host: smtp.qq.com# 用于登录 SMTP 服务器的邮箱地址username: [e-mail]# 用于登录 SMTP 服务器的邮箱密码或授权码password: abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz# SMTP 服务器的端口port: 587# 是否启用 SMTP 认证，通常应设置为 truesmtpAuth: true# 是否启用 STARTTLS 安全传输协议，通常应设置为 truesmtpStarttlsEnable: true# 是否要求使用 STARTTLS 安全传输协议，通常应设置为 truesmtpStarttlsRequired: true# 默认编码defaultEncoding: UTF-8

步骤三：邮箱配置类

@Data
//配置属性文件
@Component
//说明配置文件属性的头部
@ConfigurationProperties(prefix = "mail")
public class MailConfig {private String host;private String username;private String password;private Integer port;private String smtpAuth;private String smtpStarttlsEnable;private String smtpStarttlsRequired;private String defaultEncoding;@Beanpublic JavaMailSender javaMailSender() {//邮箱发送对象JavaMailSenderImpl javaMailSender = new JavaMailSenderImpl();javaMailSender.setHost(host);javaMailSender.setPort(port);javaMailSender.setUsername(username);javaMailSender.setPassword(password);javaMailSender.setDefaultEncoding(defaultEncoding);// 配置其他属性，如协议、调试等，根据需要Properties properties = new Properties();properties.setProperty("mail.smtp.auth", smtpAuth);properties.setProperty("mail.smtp.starttls.enable", smtpStarttlsEnable);properties.setProperty("mail.smtp.starttls.required", smtpStarttlsRequired);javaMailSender.setJavaMailProperties(properties);return javaMailSender;}
}

步骤四：创建邮箱工具类

这里的发送人必须设置不然会报异常：501 Mail from address must be same as authorization user.

@Component
public class MailUtils {@Value("${mail.username}")private String username;@Resourceprivate JavaMailSender javaMailSender;/*** 邮箱发送** @param to      收信人* @param title   邮箱标题* @param content 邮箱内容*/public void sendMail(String to, String title, String content) {//邮箱消息对象SimpleMailMessage simpleMailMessage = new SimpleMailMessage();simpleMailMessage.setFrom(username);//发送人simpleMailMessage.setTo(to);//收件人simpleMailMessage.setSubject(title);//邮箱标题simpleMailMessage.setText(content);//邮箱内容//实现发送邮箱javaMailSender.send(simpleMailMessage);}/*** 群发邮箱** @param toList  收信人集合* @param title   邮箱标题* @param content 邮箱内容*/public void sendEmailToMultipleRecipients(List<String> toList, String title, String content) {SimpleMailMessage message = new SimpleMailMessage();message.setFrom(username);//发送人message.setTo(toList.toArray(new String[0]));message.setSubject(title);message.setText(content);javaMailSender.send(message);}/*** 发送HTML邮箱** @param to       收信人* @param title    邮箱标题* @param text     HTML内容* @param filePath 文件路径* @throws MessagingException 邮箱异常*/public void sendEmailWithAttachment(String to, String title, String text, String filePath) throws MessagingException {MimeMessage message = javaMailSender.createMimeMessage();message.setFrom(username);//发送人MimeMessageHelper helper = new MimeMessageHelper(message, true);helper.setTo(to);helper.setSubject(title);helper.setText(text);FileSystemResource file = new FileSystemResource(new File(filePath));helper.addAttachment(FileUtil.getName(filePath), file);javaMailSender.send(message);}/*** 发送HTML邮箱** @param to    收信人* @param title 邮箱标题* @param text  HTML内容* @param file  文件* @throws MessagingException 邮箱异常*/public void sendEmailWithAttachment(String to, String title, String text, File file) throws MessagingException {MimeMessage message = javaMailSender.createMimeMessage();message.setFrom(username);//发送人MimeMessageHelper helper = new MimeMessageHelper(message, true);helper.setTo(to);helper.setSubject(title);helper.setText(text);helper.addAttachment(FileUtil.getName(file), file);javaMailSender.send(message);}/*** 发送HTML邮箱** @param to          收信人* @param title       邮箱标题* @param htmlContent HTML内容* @throws MessagingException 邮箱异常*/public void sendHtmlEmail(String to, String title, String htmlContent) throws MessagingException {MimeMessage message = javaMailSender.createMimeMessage();message.setFrom(username);//发送人MimeMessageHelper helper = new MimeMessageHelper(message, true);helper.setTo(to);helper.setSubject(title);helper.setText(htmlContent, true); // 设置为true表示HTML内容javaMailSender.send(message);}
}

通过使用Spring Boot和JavaMailSender，你可以轻松地实现发送文本、带附件和HTML邮件的功能。这些示例可以帮助你在你的应用程序中集成邮件发送功能，以便满足不同类型的邮件需求