Spring RabbitMQ那些事（1-交换机配置消息发送订阅实操）

一、序言

在上一节 RabbitMQ中的核心概念和交换机类型 中我们介绍了RabbitMQ中的一些核心概念，尤其是各种交换机的类型，接下来我们将具体讲解各种交换机的配置和消息订阅实操。

---

二、配置文件application.yml

我们先上应用启动配置文件application.yml，如下：

server:port: 8080
spring:rabbitmq:addresses: localhost:5672username: adminpassword: adminvirtual-host: /listener:type: simplesimple:acknowledge-mode: autoconcurrency: 5max-concurrency: 20prefetch: 5

---

备注：这里我们指定了RabbitListenerContainerFactory的类型为SimpleRabbitListenerContainerFactory，并且指定消息确认模式为自动确认。

三、RabbitMQ交换机和队列配置

Spring官方提供了一套 流式API 来定义队列、交换机和绑定关系，非常的方便，接下来我们定义4种类型的交换机和相应队列的绑定关系。

1、定义4个队列

/*** 定义4个队列*/
@Configuration
protected static class QueueConfig {@Beanpublic Queue queue1() {return QueueBuilder.durable("queue-1").build();}@Beanpublic Queue queue2() {return QueueBuilder.durable("queue-2").build();}@Beanpublic Queue queue3() {return QueueBuilder.durable("queue-3").build();}@Beanpublic Queue queue4() {return QueueBuilder.durable("queue-4").build();}
}

2、定义Fanout交换机和队列绑定关系

/*** 定义Fanout交换机和对应的绑定关系*/
@Configuration
protected static class FanoutExchangeBindingConfig {@Beanpublic FanoutExchange fanoutExchange() {return ExchangeBuilder.fanoutExchange("fanout-exchange").build();}/*** 定义多个Fanout交换机和队列的绑定关系* @param fanoutExchange* @param queue1* @param queue2* @param queue3* @param queue4* @return*/@Beanpublic Declarables bindQueueToFanoutExchange(FanoutExchange fanoutExchange, Queue queue1, Queue queue2, Queue queue3, Queue queue4) {Binding queue1Binding = BindingBuilder.bind(queue1).to(fanoutExchange);Binding queue2Binding = BindingBuilder.bind(queue2).to(fanoutExchange);Binding queue3Binding = BindingBuilder.bind(queue3).to(fanoutExchange);Binding queue4Binding = BindingBuilder.bind(queue4).to(fanoutExchange);return new Declarables(queue1Binding, queue2Binding, queue3Binding, queue4Binding);}}

备注：这里我们将4个队列绑定到了名为fanout-exchange的交换机上。

2、定义Direct交换机和队列绑定关系

@Configuration
protected static class DirectExchangeBindingConfig {@Beanpublic DirectExchange directExchange() {return ExchangeBuilder.directExchange("direct-exchange").build();}@Beanpublic Binding bindingQueue3ToDirectExchange(DirectExchange directExchange, Queue queue3) {return BindingBuilder.bind(queue3).to(directExchange).with("queue3-route-key");}
}

备注：这里我们定义了名为direct-exchange的交换机并通过路由keyqueue3-route-key将queue-3绑定到了该交换机上。

---

3、定义Topic交换机和队列绑定关系

@Configuration
protected static class TopicExchangeBindingConfig {@Beanpublic TopicExchange topicExchange() {return ExchangeBuilder.topicExchange("topic-exchange").build();}@Beanpublic Declarables bindQueueToTopicExchange(TopicExchange topicExchange, Queue queue1, Queue queue2) {Binding queue1Binding = BindingBuilder.bind(queue1).to(topicExchange).with("com.order.*");Binding queue2Binding = BindingBuilder.bind(queue2).to(topicExchange).with("com.#");return new Declarables(queue1Binding, queue2Binding);}
}

这里我们定义了名为topic-exchange类型的交换机，该类型交换机支持路由key通配符匹配，*代表一个任意字符，#代表一个或多个任意字符。

备注：

1. 通过路由keycom.order.*将queue-1绑定到了该交换机上。
2. 通过路由key com.#将queue-2也绑定到了该交换机上。

4、定义Header交换机和队列绑定关系

@Configuration
protected static class HeaderExchangeBinding {@Beanpublic HeadersExchange headersExchange() {return ExchangeBuilder.headersExchange("headers-exchange").build();}@Beanpublic Binding bindQueueToHeadersExchange(HeadersExchange headersExchange, Queue queue4) {return BindingBuilder.bind(queue4).to(headersExchange).where("function").matches("logging");}
}

备注：这里我们定义了名为headers-exchange类型的交换机，并通过参数function=logging将queue-4绑定到了该交换机上。

---

四、RabbitMQ消费者配置

Spring RabbitMQ中支持注解式监听端点配置，用于异步接收消息，如下：

@Slf4j
@Component
public class RabbitMqConsumer {@RabbitListener(queues = "queue-1")public void handleMsgFromQueue1(String msg) {log.info("Message received from queue-1, message body: {}", msg);}@RabbitListener(queues = "queue-2")public void handleMsgFromQueue2(String msg) {log.info("Message received from queue-2, message body: {}", msg);}@RabbitListener(queues = "queue-3")public void handleMsgFromQueue3(String msg) {log.info("Message received from queue-3, message body: {}", msg);}@RabbitListener(queues = "queue-4")public void handleMsgFromQueue4(String msg) {log.info("Message received from queue-4, message body: {}", msg);}
}

备注：这里我们分别定义了4个消费者，分别用来接受4个队列的消息。

五、RabbitMQ生产者

@Slf4j
@Component
@RequiredArgsConstructor
public class RabbitMqProducer {private final RabbitTemplate rabbitTemplate;public void sendMsgToFanoutExchange(String body) {log.info("开始发送消息到fanout-exchange, 消息体:{}", body);Message message = MessageBuilder.withBody(body.getBytes(StandardCharsets.UTF_8)).build();rabbitTemplate.send("fanout-exchange", StringUtils.EMPTY, message);}public void sendMsgToDirectExchange(String body) {log.info("开始发送消息到direct-exchange, 消息体:{}", body);Message message = MessageBuilder.withBody(body.getBytes(StandardCharsets.UTF_8)).build();rabbitTemplate.send("direct-exchange", "queue3-route-key", message);}public void sendMsgToTopicExchange(String routingKey, String body) {log.info("开始发送消息到topic-exchange, 消息体:{}", body);Message message = MessageBuilder.withBody(body.getBytes(StandardCharsets.UTF_8)).build();rabbitTemplate.send("topic-exchange", routingKey, message);}public void sendMsgToHeadersExchange(String body) {log.info("开始发送消息到headers-exchange, 消息体:{}", body);MessageProperties messageProperties = MessagePropertiesBuilder.newInstance().setHeader("function", "logging").build();Message message = MessageBuilder.withBody(body.getBytes(StandardCharsets.UTF_8)).andProperties(messageProperties).build();rabbitTemplate.send("headers-exchange", StringUtils.EMPTY, message);}}

---

六、测试用例

这里写了个简单的Controller用来测试，如下：

@RestController
@RequiredArgsConstructor
public class RabbitMsgController {private final RabbitMqProducer rabbitMqProducer;@RequestMapping("/exchange/fanout")public ResponseEntity<String> sendMsgToFanoutExchange(String body) {rabbitMqProducer.sendMsgToFanoutExchange(body);return ResponseEntity.ok("广播消息发送成功");}@RequestMapping("/exchange/direct")public ResponseEntity<String> sendMsgToDirectExchange(String body) {rabbitMqProducer.sendMsgToDirectExchange(body);return ResponseEntity.ok("消息发送到Direct交换成功");}@RequestMapping("/exchange/topic")public ResponseEntity<String> sendMsgToTopicExchange(String routingKey, String body) {rabbitMqProducer.sendMsgToTopicExchange(routingKey, body);return ResponseEntity.ok("消息发送到Topic交换机成功");}@RequestMapping("/exchange/headers")public ResponseEntity<String> sendMsgToHeadersExchange(String body) {rabbitMqProducer.sendMsgToHeadersExchange(body);return ResponseEntity.ok("消息发送到Headers交换机成功");}}

1、发送到FanoutExchage

直接访问http://localhost:8080/exchange/fanout?body=hello，可以看到该消息广播到了4个队列上。

2023-11-07 17:41:12.959  INFO 39460 --- [nio-8080-exec-9] c.u.r.i.producer.RabbitMqProducer        : 开始发送消息到fanout-exchange, 消息体:hello
2023-11-07 17:41:12.972  INFO 39460 --- [ntContainer#1-5] c.u.r.i.consumer.RabbitMqConsumer        : Message received from queue-1, message body: hello
2023-11-07 17:41:12.972  INFO 39460 --- [ntContainer#0-4] c.u.r.i.consumer.RabbitMqConsumer        : Message received from queue-4, message body: hello
2023-11-07 17:41:12.972  INFO 39460 --- [ntContainer#3-3] c.u.r.i.consumer.RabbitMqConsumer        : Message received from queue-3, message body: hello
2023-11-07 17:41:12.972  INFO 39460 --- [ntContainer#2-4] c.u.r.i.consumer.RabbitMqConsumer        : Message received from queue-2, message body: hello

2、发送到DirectExchage

访问http://localhost:8080/exchange/direct?body=hello，可以看到消息通过路由keyqueue3-route-key发送到了queue-3上。

2023-11-07 17:43:26.804  INFO 39460 --- [nio-8080-exec-1] c.u.r.i.producer.RabbitMqProducer        : 开始发送消息到direct-exchange, 消息体:hello
2023-11-07 17:43:26.822  INFO 39460 --- [ntContainer#3-5] c.u.r.i.consumer.RabbitMqConsumer        : Message received from queue-3, message body: hello

3、发送到TopicExchange

访问http://localhost:8080/exchange/topic?body=hello&routingKey=com.order.create，路由key为 com.order.create的消息分别发送到了queue-1和queue-2上。

2023-11-07 17:44:45.301  INFO 39460 --- [nio-8080-exec-4] c.u.r.i.producer.RabbitMqProducer        : 开始发送消息到topic-exchange, 消息体:hello
2023-11-07 17:44:45.312  INFO 39460 --- [ntContainer#1-3] c.u.r.i.consumer.RabbitMqConsumer        : Message received from queue-1, message body: hello
2023-11-07 17:44:45.312  INFO 39460 --- [ntContainer#2-3] c.u.r.i.consumer.RabbitMqConsumer        : Message received from queue-2, message body: hello

4、发动到HeadersExchage

访问http://localhost:8080/exchange/headers?body=hello，消息通过头部信息function=logging发送到了headers-exchange上。

2023-11-07 17:47:21.736  INFO 39460 --- [nio-8080-exec-9] c.u.r.i.producer.RabbitMqProducer        : 开始发送消息到headers-exchange, 消息体:hello
2023-11-07 17:47:21.749  INFO 39460 --- [ntContainer#0-3] c.u.r.i.consumer.RabbitMqConsumer        : Message received from queue-4, message body: hello

---

七、结语

下一节我们将会介绍通过两种方式借由RabbitMQ实现延迟消息发送和订阅，敬请期待。