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（十三）springboot实战——springboot前后端分离方式项目集成spring securtity安全框架

news 2026/2/9 11:34:55

前言

Spring Security 是一款强大且高度可定制的认证和访问控制框架，它是为了保护基于Spring的应用程序提供安全性支持。Spring Security提供了全面的安全服务，主要针对企业级应用程序的需求。其核心组件主要包含：Authentication（认证）、Authorization（授权）、Principal（主体）、Granted Authority（授予的权限）、Security Context（安全上下文），可提供方法级别的权限认证。其底层主要通过Filter拦截器实现，关于其实现原理，我们会在后面的章节内容中介绍。

本节内容主要是关于前后端分离的项目如何集成spring securtity安全框架，完成用户的认证与授权。也会详细介绍各个配置项及配置组件的使用。

正文

①创建一个springboot web项目，引入spring security的依赖，同时引入mysql和mybatis-plus依赖，用于实现一个数据库版本的spring security安全框架


<dependency><groupId>com.alibaba</groupId><artifactId>fastjson</artifactId><version>2.0.22</version>
</dependency><dependency><groupId>com.baomidou</groupId><artifactId>mybatis-plus-boot-starter</artifactId><version>3.5.4</version>
</dependency><dependency><groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId><artifactId>spring-boot-starter-security</artifactId>
</dependency><dependency><groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId><artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
</dependency><dependency><groupId>com.mysql</groupId><artifactId>mysql-connector-j</artifactId><scope>runtime</scope>
</dependency><dependency><groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId><artifactId>lombok</artifactId><optional>true</optional>
</dependency>

②在application.yml中添加数据库配置，用于连接数据库

spring:datasource:driver-class-name: com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driverurl: jdbc:mysql://192.168.110.88:3306/ht-atp?characterEncoding=utf-8&serverTimezone=GMT%2B8&useAffectedRows=true&nullCatalogMeansCurrent=trueusername: rootpassword: root
server:port: 8080

③ 创建一张用户数据库表auth_user，用于存储用户信息

CREATE TABLE `auth_user` (`id` int NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,`username` varchar(50) COLLATE utf8mb4_general_ci DEFAULT NULL,`password` varchar(500) COLLATE utf8mb4_general_ci DEFAULT NULL,`enabled` tinyint(1) NOT NULL,PRIMARY KEY (`id`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT=5 DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8mb4 COLLATE=utf8mb4_general_ci;

④创建用户实体AuthUser

@Data
public class AuthUser {@TableId(value = "id", type = IdType.AUTO)private Integer id;private String username;private String password;private Boolean enabled;}

⑤创建用户持久层Mapper

package com.yundi.atp.mapper;import com.baomidou.mybatisplus.core.mapper.BaseMapper;
import com.yundi.atp.entity.AuthUser;
import org.apache.ibatis.annotations.Mapper;@Mapper
public interface AuthUserMapper extends BaseMapper<AuthUser> {}

⑥统一响应请求返回定义

package com.yundi.atp.commom;import io.swagger.v3.oas.annotations.media.Schema;
import lombok.Builder;
import lombok.Data;@Data
@Builder
public class ApiResponse<T> {@Schema(name = "code", description = "状态码")private Integer code;@Schema(name = "msg", description = "消息结果")private String msg;@Schema(name = "data", description = "数据")private T data;/*** 成功统一响应格式** @param* @param <T>* @return*/public static <T> ApiResponse<T> success() {ApiResponse<T> apiResponse = new ApiResponse<>(200, "成功", null);return apiResponse;}/*** 成功统一响应格式** @param* @param <T>* @return*/public static <T> ApiResponse<T> success(String msg) {ApiResponse<T> apiResponse = new ApiResponse<>(200, msg, null);return apiResponse;}/*** 成功统一响应格式** @param data* @param <T>* @return*/public static <T> ApiResponse<T> success(T data) {ApiResponse<T> apiResponse = new ApiResponse<>(200, "成功", data);return apiResponse;}/*** 成功统一响应格式** @param data* @param <T>* @return*/public static <T> ApiResponse<T> success(String msg, T data) {ApiResponse<T> apiResponse = new ApiResponse<>(200, msg, data);return apiResponse;}/*** 失败统一响应格式** @param code* @param message* @param <T>* @return*/public static <T> ApiResponse<T> fail(Integer code, String message) {return new ApiResponse<>(code, message, null);}/*** 失败统一响应格式** @param errorCode* @param <T>* @return*/public static <T> ApiResponse<T> fail(ErrorCode errorCode) {return new ApiResponse<>(errorCode.getCode(), errorCode.getMsg(), null);}
}

⑦ 统一错误码定义

package com.yundi.atp.commom;public enum ErrorCode {SYSTEM_ERROR(10000, "系统错误!"),UN_AUTH(10001, "用户未认证，请先登录！"),AUTH_FAILURE(10002, "认证失败，用户名或密码错误！"),UN_ACCESS(10003, "该用户没有此操作权限！"),METHOD_ARGS_VALID(10004, "方法参数验证失败！"),TOKEN_VALID(10005, "token鉴权失败！"),TOKEN_NOT_EXIST(10006, "token不存在！"),;private Integer code;private String msg;ErrorCode(Integer code, String message) {this.code = code;this.msg = message;}public Integer getCode() {return code;}public void setCode(Integer code) {this.code = code;}public String getMsg() {return msg;}public void setMsg(String msg) {this.msg = msg;}
}

⑧创建DbUserDetailsManager类实现UserDetailsManager和UserDetailsPasswordService接口方法，用于实现数据库版本的认证权限管理，该类主要是实现用户数据和权限数据的获取，用于认证和授权使用

package com.yundi.atp.auth;import com.baomidou.mybatisplus.core.conditions.query.QueryWrapper;
import com.yundi.atp.entity.AuthUser;
import com.yundi.atp.mapper.AuthUserMapper;
import org.springframework.security.core.GrantedAuthority;
import org.springframework.security.core.userdetails.User;
import org.springframework.security.core.userdetails.UserDetails;
import org.springframework.security.core.userdetails.UserDetailsPasswordService;
import org.springframework.security.core.userdetails.UsernameNotFoundException;
import org.springframework.security.provisioning.UserDetailsManager;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;import javax.annotation.Resource;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Collection;@Service
public class DbUserDetailsManager implements UserDetailsManager, UserDetailsPasswordService {@Resourceprivate AuthUserMapper authUserMapper;@Overridepublic UserDetails updatePassword(UserDetails user, String newPassword) {return null;}@Overridepublic void createUser(UserDetails userDetails) {AuthUser authUser = new AuthUser();authUser.setUsername(userDetails.getUsername());authUser.setPassword(userDetails.getPassword());authUser.setEnabled(true);authUserMapper.insert(authUser);}@Overridepublic void updateUser(UserDetails user) {}@Overridepublic void deleteUser(String username) {}@Overridepublic void changePassword(String oldPassword, String newPassword) {}@Overridepublic boolean userExists(String username) {return false;}@Overridepublic UserDetails loadUserByUsername(String username) throws UsernameNotFoundException {//查询用户数据QueryWrapper<AuthUser> queryWrapper = new QueryWrapper<>();queryWrapper.eq("username", username);AuthUser authUser = authUserMapper.selectOne(queryWrapper);if (authUser == null) {throw new UsernameNotFoundException(username);} else {//从数据库获取用户权限列表Collection<GrantedAuthority> authorities = new ArrayList<>();authorities.add(() -> "USER_LIST");authorities.add(() -> "USER_ADD");return new User(//用户账号authUser.getUsername(),//用户密码authUser.getPassword(),//是否启用authUser.getEnabled(),//用户账号是否过期true,//用户凭证是否过期true,//用户是否未被锁定true,//权限列表authorities);}}
}

⑨创建MyAuthenticationEntryPoint类实现AuthenticationEntryPoint接口，用于未认证的处理

package com.yundi.atp.auth;import com.alibaba.fastjson.JSON;
import com.yundi.atp.commom.ApiResponse;
import com.yundi.atp.commom.ErrorCode;
import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
import org.springframework.security.core.AuthenticationException;
import org.springframework.security.web.AuthenticationEntryPoint;import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;@Slf4j
public class MyAuthenticationEntryPoint implements AuthenticationEntryPoint {@Overridepublic void commence(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, AuthenticationException authException) throws IOException {log.info("未认证：" + authException);//返回响应response.setContentType("application/json;charset=UTF-8");response.getWriter().println(JSON.toJSONString(ApiResponse.fail(ErrorCode.UN_AUTH)));}
}

⑩创建MyAuthenticationSuccessHandler类实现AuthenticationSuccessHandler接口，用于认证成功的处理

package com.yundi.atp.auth;import com.alibaba.fastjson.JSON;
import com.yundi.atp.commom.ApiResponse;
import com.yundi.atp.util.TokenUtil;
import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
import org.springframework.security.core.Authentication;
import org.springframework.security.core.userdetails.User;
import org.springframework.security.web.authentication.AuthenticationSuccessHandler;import javax.servlet.FilterChain;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;@Slf4j
public class MyAuthenticationSuccessHandler implements AuthenticationSuccessHandler {@Overridepublic void onAuthenticationSuccess(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, FilterChain chain, Authentication authentication) throws IOException, ServletException {AuthenticationSuccessHandler.super.onAuthenticationSuccess(request, response, chain, authentication);}@Overridepublic void onAuthenticationSuccess(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Authentication authentication) throws IOException {//返回响应response.setContentType("application/json;charset=UTF-8");response.getWriter().println(JSON.toJSONString(ApiResponse.success("认证成功！")));}
}

⑪创建MyAuthenticationFailureHandler类实现AuthenticationFailureHandler接口，用于认证失败的处理

package com.yundi.atp.auth;import com.alibaba.fastjson.JSON;
import com.yundi.atp.commom.ApiResponse;
import com.yundi.atp.commom.ErrorCode;
import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
import org.springframework.security.core.AuthenticationException;
import org.springframework.security.web.authentication.AuthenticationFailureHandler;import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;@Slf4j
public class MyAuthenticationFailureHandler implements AuthenticationFailureHandler {@Overridepublic void onAuthenticationFailure(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, AuthenticationException exception) throws IOException {response.setContentType("application/json;charset=UTF-8");response.getWriter().println(JSON.toJSONString(ApiResponse.fail(ErrorCode.AUTH_FAILURE)));}
}

⑫创建MyLogoutSuccessHandler类实现LogoutSuccessHandler接口，用于退出登录的处理

package com.yundi.atp.auth;import com.alibaba.fastjson.JSON;
import com.yundi.atp.commom.ApiResponse;
import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
import org.springframework.security.core.Authentication;
import org.springframework.security.web.authentication.logout.LogoutSuccessHandler;import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;@Slf4j
public class MyLogoutSuccessHandler implements LogoutSuccessHandler {@Overridepublic void onLogoutSuccess(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Authentication authentication) throws IOException {response.setContentType("application/json;charset=UTF-8");response.getWriter().println(JSON.toJSONString(ApiResponse.success("注销成功！")));}
}

⑬创建MyAccessDeniedHandler类实现AccessDeniedHandler接口，用于授权不通过的处理

package com.yundi.atp.auth;import com.alibaba.fastjson.JSON;
import com.yundi.atp.commom.ApiResponse;
import com.yundi.atp.commom.ErrorCode;
import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
import org.springframework.security.access.AccessDeniedException;
import org.springframework.security.web.access.AccessDeniedHandler;import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;@Slf4j
public class MyAccessDeniedHandler implements AccessDeniedHandler {@Overridepublic void handle(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, AccessDeniedException accessDeniedException) throws IOException {response.setContentType("application/json;charset=UTF-8");response.getWriter().println(JSON.toJSONString(ApiResponse.fail(ErrorCode.UN_ACCESS)));}
}

⑭创建spring security的配置类，开启spring security认证以及方法级别的授权

package com.yundi.atp.config;import com.yundi.atp.auth.*;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.security.authentication.AuthenticationManager;
import org.springframework.security.authentication.ProviderManager;
import org.springframework.security.authentication.dao.DaoAuthenticationProvider;
import org.springframework.security.config.Customizer;
import org.springframework.security.config.annotation.method.configuration.EnableMethodSecurity;
import org.springframework.security.config.annotation.web.builders.HttpSecurity;
import org.springframework.security.crypto.factory.PasswordEncoderFactories;
import org.springframework.security.web.SecurityFilterChain;@EnableMethodSecurity
@Configuration
public class SpringSecurityConfig {@Autowiredprivate DbUserDetailsManager dbUserDetailsManager;@Beanpublic AuthenticationManager authenticationManager() {DaoAuthenticationProvider authenticationProvider = new DaoAuthenticationProvider();authenticationProvider.setUserDetailsService(dbUserDetailsManager);authenticationProvider.setPasswordEncoder(PasswordEncoderFactories.createDelegatingPasswordEncoder());return new ProviderManager(authenticationProvider);}@Beanpublic SecurityFilterChain filterChain(HttpSecurity http) throws Exception {//authorizeRequests()：开启授权保护//anyRequest()：对所有请求开启授权保护//authenticated()：已认证请求会自动被授权http.authorizeRequests(authorize -> {//放行路径authorize.antMatchers("/webjars/**", "/v3/**", "/doc.html", "/favicon.ico", "/swagger-ui/**").permitAll();//其它请求需要认证authorize.anyRequest().authenticated();});//自定义登录http.formLogin(formLogin -> {formLogin.loginPage("/login").permitAll() //登录页面无需授权即可访问.usernameParameter("username") //自定义表单用户名参数，默认是username.passwordParameter("password");//自定义表单密码参数，默认是password//登录认证成功formLogin.successHandler(new MyAuthenticationSuccessHandler());//登录认证失败formLogin.failureHandler(new MyAuthenticationFailureHandler());});// 基本授权方式http.httpBasic(Customizer.withDefaults());//自定义注销http.logout(logout -> {logout.logoutUrl("/logout");//删除授权信息logout.clearAuthentication(true);//删除cookielogout.deleteCookies("JSESSIONID");//设置session失效logout.invalidateHttpSession(true);//退出的处理logout.addLogoutHandler(new MyLogoutHandler());//退出成功的响应logout.logoutSuccessHandler(new MyLogoutSuccessHandler());});//错误处理http.exceptionHandling(exception -> {//请求未认证的接口exception.authenticationEntryPoint(new MyAuthenticationEntryPoint());//未授权的接口异常处理：可能会不生效，被全局异常处理器拦截exception.accessDeniedHandler(new MyAccessDeniedHandler());});// 跨域http.cors(Customizer.withDefaults());//关闭csrf攻击防御http.csrf(csrf -> {csrf.disable();});return http.build();}}

⑮spring security的配置说明