.NET项目web自动化测试实战——Selenium 2.0

🔥 交流讨论：欢迎加入我们一起学习！

🔥 资源分享：耗时200+小时精选的「软件测试」资料包

🔥 教程推荐：火遍全网的《软件测试》教程  

📢欢迎点赞 👍 收藏 ⭐留言 📝 如有错误敬请指正！

PS：这次用公司的项目来练手，希望公司不会起诉我，因为我绝对是抱着学习的态度，没有任何恶意。仅供交流学习。

该项目是基于SharePoint平台所开发的门户网站，为了切身感受一下Selenium 2.0我决定自己动手写一个自动化测试用例，而不是通过录制的方式，以加深我对一些web操作的理解。

我设计的测试用例是：检查Staff Spotlight中所包含的item对应三级页面显示的信息是否正确。具体逻辑是，在英语浏览器下检查后台list中英语Column的value和三级page中对应Column的value是否一致，在日语浏览器下检查后台list中日语Column的value和三级page中对应Column的value是否一致，如果是英语浏览器下后台list中没有勾选“English Ready”项，则在三级page中显示日语Column的value。

三级page如下：

点击页面右上角的“Edit Item”按钮可以跳转到后台list中相应的item编辑页面；点击上方的“日本语”按钮可以进行英语和日语的语言切换，点击“日本语”将切换到日本语，再点击“English”将切换到英语。

我们本次要取的页面元素就是Department，Location，Title以及Join Date的页面value。然后点击“Edit Item”按钮跳转到后台item编辑页面，按“F12”，找到对应要获取的后台元素值：

获取到对应的Column的value所在页面的元素，然后获取页面上显示的值，将其与三级page上的value按我们之前说过的逻辑进行比对，如果一样，测试通过；如果不一样，测试失败。

代码如下：

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
using OpenQA.Selenium;
using OpenQA.Selenium.IE;
using OpenQA.Selenium.Support;
using OpenQA.Selenium.Support.UI;
using Selenium;
using mySelenium;
using System.Runtime.InteropServices;
using System.Threading;
using System.Diagnostics;
using System.Net;
using System.IO;
using System.Globalization;namespace mySelenium
{class LoginSPSite{[DllImport("user32.dll", CharSet = CharSet.Auto, ExactSpelling = true)]public static extern IntPtr GetForegroundWindow();static void Main(string[] args){IWebDriver driver = new InternetExplorerDriver();IWebDriver iw = login(driver,"https://insite.ccqa11apps.com/Pages/default.aspx");INavigation navi = iw.Navigate();string language = checkLanguage(iw);if (language == "English"){//Check the English page.（检查英语页面信息。）Console.ForegroundColor = ConsoleColor.Yellow;Console.WriteLine("--English page check--");checkPageInfo(iw,"En");//Turn to the Japanese page.（转换到日语页面。）navi.GoToUrl("https://insite.ccqa11apps.com/Pages/default.aspx");waitUntilPageLoaded(iw, "ctl00_ctl21_ToggleLanguage");iw.FindElement(By.Id("ctl00_ctl21_ToggleLanguage")).Click();//Check the Japanese page.（检查日语页面信息。）Console.ForegroundColor = ConsoleColor.Yellow;Console.WriteLine("--Japanese page check--");checkPageInfo(iw,"Ja");}//Language is "Japanese".else {//Check the Japanese page.（检查日语页面信息。）Console.ForegroundColor = ConsoleColor.Yellow;Console.WriteLine("--Japanese page check--");checkPageInfo(iw,"Ja");//Turn to the English page.（转换到英语页面。）navi.GoToUrl("https://insite.ccqa11apps.com/Pages/default.aspx");waitUntilPageLoaded(iw, "ctl00_ctl21_ToggleLanguage");iw.FindElement(By.Id("ctl00_ctl21_ToggleLanguage")).Click();//Check the English page.（检查英语页面信息。）Console.ForegroundColor = ConsoleColor.Yellow;Console.WriteLine("--English page check--");checkPageInfo(iw, "En");}}//Get the 3rd page info.（从三级page中获取指定的Column的value，需要传入IWebDriver对象以及当前页面的语言种类。）private static void checkPageInfo(IWebDriver iw,string LanType){//Check 3rd page with the format: "https://insite.ccqa11apps.com/_layouts/15/InSite/pages/StaffDetails.aspx?id=" under the English environment.INavigation navi = iw.Navigate();for (int i = 1; i <= 5; i++){Console.ForegroundColor = ConsoleColor.White;Console.WriteLine("This is the " + i + " staff item check info:");navi.GoToUrl("https://insite.ccqa11apps.com/_layouts/15/InSite/pages/StaffDetails.aspx?id=" + i.ToString());var eles = iw.FindElements(By.ClassName("apps-staffdetail-content-splitline"));//Get the info from the 3rd page.（获取三级page上Column的value信息。）StaffSpotlight staffSpotlight = new StaffSpotlight();staffSpotlight.Department = eles[0].FindElement(By.ClassName("apps-staffdetail-content-splitline-bottom")).Text;staffSpotlight.Location = eles[1].FindElement(By.ClassName("apps-staffdetail-content-splitline-bottom")).Text;staffSpotlight.Title = eles[2].FindElement(By.ClassName("apps-staffdetail-content-splitline-bottom")).Text;staffSpotlight.JoinDate = eles[3].FindElement(By.ClassName("apps-staffdetail-content-splitline-bottom")).Text;//Find the "Edit Item" button.（找到“Edit Item”按钮并点击。）iw.FindElement(By.ClassName("apps-staffdetail-edit")).Click();//Wait until the element on page loaded.（等待页面元素加载完成。）waitUntilPageLoaded(iw, "Inpex_Department_$containereditableRegion");//Get the info from the backend list.（获取后台list中Column的value信息。）StaffSpotlight staffInfoFromBackend = new StaffSpotlight();staffInfoFromBackend.Department = iw.FindElement(By.Id("Inpex_Department_$containereditableRegion")).FindElement(By.ClassName("valid-text")).Text;staffInfoFromBackend.Location = iw.FindElement(By.Id("Inpex_Office_$containereditableRegion")).FindElement(By.ClassName("valid-text")).Text;//Job title is the title under English IE.（Title是日语浏览器中显示的Title，EnTitle是英语浏览器中显示的Title。）staffInfoFromBackend.Title = iw.FindElement(By.Id("Inpex_Job_Title_30756774-5931-4844-bac1-a2f463d04ca0_$TextField")).GetAttribute("value").ToString();staffInfoFromBackend.EnTitle = iw.FindElement(By.Id("Inpex_Job_Title_E_ef6d11a7-f73e-4885-bef1-527a1c03c924_$TextField")).GetAttribute("value").ToString();staffInfoFromBackend.JoinDate = iw.FindElement(By.Id("Inpex_Join_Date_b133dcfe-4e0c-4f0f-8b82-92a549516e6d_$DateTimeFieldDate")).GetAttribute("value").ToString();//Compare the actual 3rd info with the expected backend info.（将三级page中的Column value和预期value比较。）Compare("Department", staffSpotlight.Department, staffInfoFromBackend.Department);Compare("Location", staffSpotlight.Location, staffInfoFromBackend.Location);//英语页面的Title信息比对检查逻辑。if (LanType == "En"){try{ //If can get the element underneath, it means "English Ready" has been checked.（如果可以在页面上获取到该元素，说明“English Ready”这一项是勾选的。）string ifChecked = iw.FindElement(By.Id("Inpex_E_Text_a355a229-a1bb-48f5-81dd-e428a0d4fbd2_$BooleanField")).GetAttribute("checked").ToString();Console.WriteLine("The Englisht ready has been checked: " + ifChecked);//Compare the title with the backend "En" one.（比对EnTitle和三级page中的Column value是否一致。）Compare("Title", staffSpotlight.Title, staffInfoFromBackend.EnTitle);}//If can not get the element by the ID above, it means "English Ready" has not been checked.（如果获取不到“English Ready”元素下的“checked” Attribute，说明没勾选。）catch(Exception ex){WriteLog(ex);//Compare the title with the backend "Jp" one.（比对Title和三级page中的Column value是否一致。）Console.WriteLine("The Englisht ready has been checked: false");Compare("Title", staffSpotlight.Title, staffInfoFromBackend.Title);}          }//日语页面的Title信息比对检查逻辑。else {staffInfoFromBackend.Title = iw.FindElement(By.Id("Inpex_Job_Title_30756774-5931-4844-bac1-a2f463d04ca0_$TextField")).GetAttribute("value").ToString();Compare("JapTitle", staffSpotlight.Title, staffInfoFromBackend.Title);}//Change the time format into the same.（统一转换三级page上的join date时间格式以及后台list item的join date时间格式，并进行比较。）string joinDateOnPage;string joinDateFromBackend;if (staffSpotlight.JoinDate != ""){DateTime dt = Convert.ToDateTime(staffSpotlight.JoinDate);joinDateOnPage = dt.ToString("yyyy-MM-dd");}else {joinDateOnPage = "";}if (staffInfoFromBackend.JoinDate != ""){DateTime dt2 = Convert.ToDateTime(staffInfoFromBackend.JoinDate);joinDateFromBackend = dt2.ToString("yyyy-MM-dd");}else {joinDateFromBackend = "";}Compare("JoinDate", joinDateOnPage, joinDateFromBackend);}}//Compare value method.（传入：对应要检查的Column的标题，三级page中Column的value，后台list中item对应Column的value。）private static void Compare(string title, string p1, string p2){if (p1 == p2){Console.ForegroundColor = ConsoleColor.Green;Console.WriteLine(title + " info on the 3rd page has passed the check.");}else {Console.ForegroundColor = ConsoleColor.Red;Console.WriteLine(title + "info on the 3rd page has not passed the check.");Console.WriteLine("The info on the 3rd page: " + p1);Console.WriteLine("The info from the backend page: " + p2);}}//Check language method.（检查当前页面所处于的语言环境，判断是英语还是日语，并返回当前语言种类。）private static string checkLanguage(IWebDriver iw){string currentLanguage;//Wait until the element on page loaded.waitUntilPageLoaded(iw, "ctl00_ctl21_ToggleLanguage");string language = iw.FindElement(By.Id("ctl00_ctl21_ToggleLanguage")).Text;if (language.Length == 3){currentLanguage = "English";return currentLanguage;}else {currentLanguage = "Japanese";return currentLanguage;}}//Wait until loaded method.（等待网页加载完毕指定元素，如果没有加载完，获取不到，捕获异常，继续等待，直到指定元素加载完毕。）private static void waitUntilPageLoaded(IWebDriver iw, string element){try{iw.FindElement(By.Id(element));}catch (Exception ex){WriteLog(ex);Thread.Sleep(2000);waitUntilPageLoaded(iw, element);}}//Login method.（登陆网站的方法，需要传入IWebDriver对象以及网站的url。）public static IWebDriver login(IWebDriver driver, string url) {INavigation navigation = driver.Navigate();navigation.GoToUrl(url);driver.FindElement(By.Id("overridelink")).Click();IntPtr myPtr = GetForegroundWindow();//IntPtr hWnd = FindWindow(null, "abc");if (myPtr != IntPtr.Zero){//Send message to the window.System.Windows.Forms.SendKeys.SendWait("dswu");System.Windows.Forms.SendKeys.SendWait("{TAB}");System.Windows.Forms.SendKeys.SendWait("1qaz2wsxE");System.Windows.Forms.SendKeys.SendWait("{ENTER}");}return driver;}//Write log method.（将捕获到的异常打印到本地log文件中。）private static void WriteLog(Exception ex){string logUrl = Environment.GetFolderPath(Environment.SpecialFolder.DesktopDirectory) + "\\SeleniumAutoTest.txt";if (File.Exists(@logUrl)){using (FileStream fs = new FileStream(logUrl, FileMode.Append)){using (StreamWriter sw = new StreamWriter(fs, Encoding.Default)){try{sw.Write(ex);}catch (Exception ex1){WriteLog(ex1);}finally{sw.Close();fs.Close();}}}}else{using (FileStream fs = new FileStream(logUrl, FileMode.CreateNew)){using (StreamWriter sw = new StreamWriter(fs, Encoding.Default)){try{sw.Write(ex);}catch (Exception ex1){WriteLog(ex1);}finally{sw.Close();fs.Close();}}}}}}
}

这里我创建一个类，用来存储三级page以及后台list中获取到的Staff item的信息：

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;namespace mySelenium
{class StaffSpotlight{public string Department { get; set; }public string Location { get; set; }public string Title { get; set; }public string EnTitle { get; set; }public string JoinDate { get; set; }}
}

按F5进行测试，结果如下：

测试通过。

覆盖多浏览器在Selenium也是很容易实现的，只需要把IE打开方法改用为指定浏览器所对应的打开方法：

 IWebDriver driver = new InternetExplorerDriver(); 

把这句换了，之后的步骤对应做些修改即可。

自动化测试从某些方面讲确实是一劳永逸的，但是有很多时候自动化测试是完全没有必要的，尤其是项目周期很短的情况下，自动化的封装应该更偏向于具有普遍性的可复用过程，而不是业务逻辑。

有时候，产出决定付出。我们没必要为了一个两三月交付的项目写一堆自动化测试用例，否则得不偿失。自动化测试应该更偏向于长期上线、持续迭代的项目展开！否则最后失落感是一定有的。

最后我邀请你进入我们的【软件测试学习交流群：785128166】， 大家可以一起探讨交流软件测试，共同学习软件测试技术、面试等软件测试方方面面，还会有免费直播课，收获更多测试技巧，我们一起进阶Python自动化测试/测试开发，走向高薪之路

作为一个软件测试的过来人，我想尽自己最大的努力，帮助每一个伙伴都能顺利找到工作。所以我整理了下面这份资源，现在免费分享给大家，有需要的小伙伴可以关注【公众号：程序员二黑】自提！