Selenium控制已运行的Edge和Chrome浏览器——在线控制 | 人机交互（详细启动步骤和bug记录）

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说明：本记录是在Windows系统上执行的！
起因是：博导要求统计一下国内某个领域的专家情况，统计主持国家自然科学基金的副教授和教授都有哪些大牛！
于是：本人去[NSFC]：https://kd.nsfc.cn/ 下载全部的历史基金项目书。。。。工作量太大就……半自动化实现吧！！！

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前期准备

1. python Selenium库
2. Edge浏览器 或 Chrome浏览器

1. 浏览器开启远程控制指令

1. 无论是哪种浏览器，都需要使用终端独立运行浏览器的远程调试模式。
2. 开启方式：加入指令（–remote-debugging-port=9222 --user-data-dir=“D:\selenium\AutomationProfile”）

需要进入目标浏览器的根目录！ 不然就输入全路径！

（1）Edge

.\msedge.exe --remote-debugging-port=9222 --user-data-dir=“D:\selenium\AutomationProfile”

（2）Chrome

 .\chrome.exe --remote-debugging-port=9222 --user-data-dir=“D:\selenium\AutomationProfile”

2. 执行python代码

（1）先启动浏览器后执行代码

• 必须是先执行上述步骤，开启了浏览器的远程调试端口后，才能通过下方代码进行控制。

• add_experimental_option("debuggerAddress", "127.0.0.1:9222") 这句话是关键！

from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.edge.options import Optionsclass Test:def edge(self):edge_driver_path = executable_path=r'C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft\Edge\Application\msedge.exe'chrome_options = Options()# chrome_options.binary_location = edge_driver_path  #  传入驱动地址chrome_options.add_experimental_option("debuggerAddress", "127.0.0.1:9222")  # "127.0.0.1:9222"其中，9222是浏览器的运行端口# 让浏览器带着这个配置运行# chrome_options.add_experimental_option('detach', True)  # 通过option参数，设置浏览器不关闭driver = webdriver.Edge(options=chrome_options, keep_alive=True)driver.implicitly_wait(10)  # 页面元素查找的等待时间self.driver = driverpassdef chrome_drive(self, drive='chrome'):edge_driver_path = executable_path = r'D:\Program Files\Google\Chrome\Application'if drive == 'chrome':chrome_options = webdriver.ChromeOptions()# chrome_options.binary_location = edge_driver_path    #  传入驱动地址# chrome_options.add_experimental_option('detach', True)  # 通过option参数，设置浏览器不关闭chrome_options.add_experimental_option("debuggerAddress", "127.0.0.1:9222")driver = webdriver.Chrome(options=chrome_options, keep_alive=False)driver.implicitly_wait(10)  # 页面元素查找的等待时间self.driver = driverpass

（2）通过代码启动浏览器

• 这个时候被注释掉的 .binary_location = edge_driver_path 是关键！
• 这种情况下，需要下载对应的驱动软件（.exe）
• 博主在笔记本电脑上首次尝试Selenium时就下载了驱动软件！但后来在台式电脑使用相同代码时发现，压根不需要下载什么驱动软件！
• 只需要使用终端提前启动浏览器的调试模型即可。 （这是弯路、坑）
• 因为，如果是通过代码启动浏览器的调试模型，需要配置路径，然后保证程序关闭后浏览器依旧运行！麻烦！！！

（3）Bug问题记录

1）python可读取浏览器所有标签标题，但检索网页元素失败

• 部分网页不支持爬取！特别是当网页开启F12的开发人选项后，会出现无法查找元素的问题。
• 此时，关闭 “开发人选项” 即可。

2）浏览器开启程序，但python程序无法链接浏览器进行自动控制

• 关闭原有浏览器，重新打开浏览器（需搭配命令：–remote-debugging-port=9222 --user-data-dir=“xxx folder”

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3. 爬取效果

3. 完整代码共享

以下代码主要实现了：

• 浏览器标签页的翻动和选择
• 爬取 – 青塔网检索”国家自然科学基金项目“的作者信息，并保存到表格。
• 爬取 – NSFC”国家自然科学基金项目“的作者信息，并保存到表格。
• 爬取 – 国际某个领域专家的作者信息，并保存到表格。

3.1 包含Excel部分的完整代码

包含Excel部分的完整代码见：资源文件

3.2 爬虫部分的完整代码

import os
from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.common.keys import Keys
from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By
import time
from selenium.webdriver.edge.options import Options
from selenium.webdriver.common.action_chains import ActionChains# '.\chrome.exe --remote-debugging-port=9222 --user-data-dir=“D:\selenium\AutomationProfile”             n "*" --ws --allow-insecure-unlock --nodiscover --authrpc.addr 127.0.1.2 --authrpc.port 8545'
# '.\chrome.exe --remote-debugging-port=9222 --user-data-dir=“D:\selenium\AutomationProfile”'class Web_Browser:def __init__(self, drive='chrome'):self.driver = None# self.edge()self.chrome_drive()def edge(self):# edge_driver_path = executable_path=r'D:\Program Files\Google\Chrome\Application\chromedriver.exe'edge_driver_path = executable_path=r'C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft\Edge\Application\msedge.exe'chrome_options = Options()# chrome_options.binary_location = edge_driver_path# 配置浏览器# 添加User-Agent到Chrome选项中# chrome_options.add_argument("--user-agent=windows 10 Edge")# "127.0.0.1:9222"其中，9222是浏览器的运行端口chrome_options.add_experimental_option("debuggerAddress", "127.0.0.1:9222")# 让浏览器带着这个配置运行# chrome_options.add_experimental_option('detach', True)  # 通过option参数，设置浏览器不关闭driver = webdriver.Edge(options=chrome_options, keep_alive=True)# driver = webdriver.Chrome( options=chrome_options)print('===================')# driver.get('www.baidu.com')driver.implicitly_wait(10)self.driver = driverdef chrome_drive(self, drive='chrome'):edge_driver_path = executable_path = r'D:\Program Files\Google\Chrome\Application\chromedriver.exe'if drive == 'chrome':chrome_options = webdriver.ChromeOptions()# chrome_options.binary_location = edge_driver_path# chrome_options.add_experimental_option('detach', True)  # 通过option参数，设置浏览器不关闭chrome_options.add_experimental_option("debuggerAddress", "127.0.0.1:9222")driver = webdriver.Chrome(options=chrome_options, keep_alive=False)self.driver = driverdriver.implicitly_wait(10)self.opened_windows_dict = Nonepassdef get_all_opened_windows(self):driver = self.drivercw = driver.current_window_handleres = {}# 获取已打开的标签页的信息tabs = driver.window_handlesfor t in tabs:driver.switch_to.window(t)res[str(driver.title)] = str(t)self.opened_windows_dict = resdriver.switch_to.window(cw)print('已打开的标签页的信息:',)for k in res: print(f"\t{k}: {res[k]}")return resdef switch_window(self, key):driver = self.drivercw = driver.current_window_handle# 获取已打开的标签页的信息tabs = driver.window_handlesfor t in tabs:driver.switch_to.window(t)if key in str(driver.title): cw = tbreak# driver.switch_to.window(cw)self.driver = driverpassdef open_new_window(self, driver=None, url=None, delay_t=0.6):'''# 打开新标签页'''driver = self.driver if not driver else driverold_handle = driver.window_handles  # 获取已打开的标签页的信息# driver.find_element("body").send_keys(Keys.CONTROL + 't')  # 没有实体会报错# driver.execute_script("window.open('','_blank');")  # 可能被拦截driver.switch_to.new_window('tab')time.sleep(delay_t)if len(driver.window_handles) >len(old_handle): return Truedriver.execute_script(f"window.open('{url if url else ''}');")time.sleep(delay_t)if len(driver.window_handles) >len(old_handle): return Truereturn Falsedef func1(self, xlsx):""" 学术网 """for p in range(50):# self.switch_window('故障诊断')driver = self.driverweb = driver.find_element(by=By.XPATH, value='//*[@id="search_body"]/div[2]/div[3]/div[1]/div[2]/div[1]/div[3]/div[2]/div/div[2]/div[2]/div/div')web1 = web.find_elements(by=By.CLASS_NAME, value='inner-content')print('web1 len=', len(web1))num = 0for i, w in enumerate(web1):try:# '//*[@id="search_body"]/div[2]/div[3]/div[1]/div[2]/div[1]/div[3]/div[2]/div/div[2]/div[2]/div/div'#a = w.find_element(by=By.XPATH, value=f'//div[{1+i}]/div/div[2]/div[1]/div[1]/div/a/strong/span/span').texttry:b = w.find_element(by=By.XPATH, value=f'//div[{1 + i}]/div/div[2]/div[3]/p[2]').textschool = str(b).split(',')for s in school:if 'university' in s.lower(): b = s[1:]except: b = Nonec = w.find_element(by=By.XPATH, value=f'//div[{1 + i}]/div/div[2]/div[3]/p[1]').textd = Nonee = Nonef = Nonetry:h_index = w.find_element(by=By.XPATH, value=f'//div[{1 + i}]/div/div[2]/div[2]/div/span[1]/span[3]').textpaper = w.find_element(by=By.XPATH, value=f'//div[{1 + i}]/div/div[2]/div[2]/div/span[2]/span[3]').textcite = w.find_element(by=By.XPATH, value=f'//div[{1 + i}]/div/div[2]/div[2]/div/span[3]/span[3]').textf = f"H-index: {h_index},  papers: {paper}, cites: {cite}"except: passg = Noneh = w.find_element(by=By.XPATH, value=f'//div[{1 + i}]/div/div[2]/div[1]/div[1]/div/a')h = 'https://www.aminer.cn/' + h.get_attribute('href')print(a, b ,c, g)xlsx.input_data(a,b,c,d,e,f,g, h)num += 1except: passprint('记录：', num)# aa = driver.find_elements(by=By.XPATH, value='//*[@id="search_body"]/div[2]/div[3]/div[1]/div[2]/div[1]/div[3]/div[2]/div/div[2]/div[3]/ul/li')# aa = aa[-1]aa = driver.find_element(by=By.CLASS_NAME, value='ant-pagination-next')# v = '#search_body > div.ant-tabs.ant-tabs-top.a-aminer-core-search-index-searchPageTab.ant-tabs-line.ant-tabs-no-animation > div.ant-tabs-content.ant-tabs-content-no-animated.ant-tabs-top-content > div.ant-tabs-tabpane.ant-tabs-tabpane-active > div.a-aminer-core-search-index-componentContent > div.a-aminer-core-search-c-search-component-temp-searchComponent > div.view > div:nth-child(2) > div > div:nth-child(2) > div.paginationWrap > ul > li.ant-pagination-next'# aa = driver.find_element(by=By.CSS_SELECTOR, value=v)# 创建一个ActionChains对象，用于执行鼠标动作action_chains = ActionChains(driver)# 将鼠标移动到链接元素上并点击action_chains.move_to_element(aa).click().perform()print(f'第{p+1}页 --> 第{p+2}页')try:xlsx.make_frame()xlsx.save_excel()except: passtime.sleep(5)passdef func2(self, xlsx=None):for p in range(50):self.switch_window('青塔')driver = self.driverweb = driver.find_element(by=By.XPATH,value='//*[@id="app"]/div[2]/div[1]/div/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[2]')web1 = web.find_elements(by=By.CLASS_NAME, value='list-item')print('web1 len=', len(web1))num = 0for i, w in enumerate(web1):# try:# //*[@id="app"]/div[2]/div[1]/div/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[2]# '//*[@id="app"]/div[2]/div[1]/div/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[2]/div/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div[1]/div[2]'# //*[@id="app"]/div[2]/div[1]/div/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/div[2]/div[1]/div[1]b = w.find_element(by=By.XPATH, value=f'//div[2]/div[1]/div[1]/div[2]')print(b)b = b.textprint('b=', b)a = w.find_element(by=By.XPATH, value=f'//div[2]/div[2]/div[1]/div[2]').textprint('a=', a)c = Noned = Nonee = w.find_element(by=By.XPATH, value=f'//div[1]/div[1]').textprint('e=', e)year = w.find_element(by=By.XPATH, value=f'//div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]').textmoney = w.find_element(by=By.XPATH, value=f'//div[2]/div[1]/div[2]/div[2]').textprint('year=', year, 'money=', money)e = f"{e}, 立项: {year}, 资助: {money}"jijin = w.find_element(by=By.XPATH, value=f'//div[2]/div[3]/div[1]/div[2]').textdomain = w.find_element(by=By.XPATH, value=f'//div[2]/div[3]/div[2]/div[2]').textprint('jijin=',jijin, 'domain=', domain)f = f"{jijin}, 领域: {domain}"g = Noneh = Noneprint(i, '-----------', i)print(a, b, c, d, e, f)xlsx.input_data(a, b, c, d, e, f, g, h)num += 1break# except: passprint('记录：', num)breakaa = driver.find_element(by=By.XPATH, value=f'//*[@id="app"]/div[2]/div[1]/div/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[3]/button[2]')# 创建一个ActionChains对象，用于执行鼠标动作action_chains = ActionChains(driver)# 将鼠标移动到链接元素上并点击action_chains.move_to_element(aa).click().perform()print(f'第{p + 1}页 --> 第{p + 2}页')try:xlsx.make_frame()xlsx.save_excel()except:passtime.sleep(5)passdef func3(self, xlsx=None):for p in range(50):self.switch_window('大数据知识管理服务门户')driver = self.driverd = driver.find_element(by=By.CLASS_NAME, value='container_list_right')print('d==', d)# web = driver.find_element(by=By.XPATH,#                           value='//*[@id="app"]/div[1]/div[3]/div/div[3]/div[1]/div')web = d.find_element(by=By.XPATH, value='//div[1]/div')# web1 = web.find_elements(by=By.CLASS_NAME, value='list-item')# print('web1 len=', len(web1))num = 0for i, w2 in enumerate(range(6)):w = webtry:# //*[@id="app"]/div[1]/div[3]/div/div[3]/div[1]/div# //*[@id="app"]/div[1]/div[3]/div/div[3]# //*[@id="app"]/div[1]/div[3]/div/div[3]/div[1]/div/div[2]/div[2]/div[1]b = w.find_element(by=By.XPATH, value=f'//div[{i+1}]/div[3]/div[4]/a')b = b.text# print('b=', b)a = w.find_element(by=By.XPATH, value=f'//div[{i+1}]/div[2]/div[4]/a').text# print('a=', a)c = Noned = Nonee = w.find_element(by=By.XPATH, value=f'//div[{i+1}]/div[1]/div[1]/p/a').text# print('e=', e)year = w.find_element(by=By.XPATH, value=f'//div[{i+1}]/div[3]/div[3]').textmoney = w.find_element(by=By.XPATH, value=f'//div[{i+1}]/div[3]/div[1]').text# print('year=', year, 'money=', money)e = f"{e}, {year}, {money}"jijin = w.find_element(by=By.XPATH, value=f'//div[{i+1}]/div[2]/div[3]').textdomain = w.find_element(by=By.XPATH, value=f'//div[{i+1}]/div[2]/div[1]').text# print('jijin=',jijin,  domain)f = f"{jijin}, {domain}"g = Noneh = Noneprint(i+1, '-----------', i+1)print(a, b, c, d, e, f)xlsx.input_data(a, b, c, d, e, f, g, h)num += 1# breakexcept: passprint('记录：', num)# break# aa = driver.find_element(by=By.CLASS_NAME, value=f'btn-next')# # 创建一个ActionChains对象，用于执行鼠标动作# action_chains = ActionChains(driver)# # 将鼠标移动到链接元素上并点击# action_chains.move_to_element(aa).click().perform()print(f'第{p + 1}页 --> 第{p + 2}页')try:xlsx.make_frame()xlsx.save_excel()except:passbreak# time.sleep(5)passdef func4(self, xlsx=None, key='Google2'):if key == 'Google': self.switch_window('Google')else: self.switch_window('必应')driver = self.driverdata = xlsx.read_excel()# print(data['姓名'])for i, name in enumerate(data['姓名']):school = data['学校'][i]text = f'{school}{name}是不是教授'print(f'search [{i+1}]:  {name} -》 ', text)if key == 'Google': web = driver.find_element(by=By.XPATH, value='//*[@id="APjFqb"]')else: web = driver.find_element(by=By.XPATH, value='//*[@id="sb_form_q"]')web.clear()web.send_keys(text)if key == 'Google': web = driver.find_element(by=By.XPATH, value='//*[@id="tsf"]/div[1]/div[1]/div[2]/button')else: web = driver.find_element(by=By.XPATH, value='//*[@id="sb_form_go"]')# try:web.click()# except: passtime.sleep(5)num = 0if __name__ == '__main__':from temp import Make_Excel, input_data_list, input_dataxlsx = Make_Excel()web = Web_Browser()web.get_all_opened_windows()# web.switch_window('故障诊断')''' 学术网 '''web.func1(xlsx)  # 学术网# web.func2(xlsx)  #  青塔网# web.func3(xlsx)  #  NSFC官网# web.func4(xlsx, )    # goole搜索网# xlsx.make_frame()# xlsx.save_excel()pass