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docker 配置文件使用经验，后续持续增加

news 2026/2/9 1:46:40

1. 容器中如何访问主机服务

在docker容器、docker compose 中如何访问主机服务呢？

docker容器

20.10.0 版本在 linux 新增 host.docker.internal 支持： docker run -it --add-host=host.docker.internal:host-gateway alpine cat /etc/hosts

127.0.0.1       localhost
::1     localhost ip6-localhost ip6-loopback
fe00::0 ip6-localnet
ff00::0 ip6-mcastprefix
ff02::1 ip6-allnodes
ff02::2 ip6-allrouters
172.17.0.1      host.docker.internal # --add-host的作用就是添加了这行到/etc/hosts
172.17.0.3      cb0565ceea26

add-host 的意思是告诉容器，容器对域名 host.docker.internal 的访问都将转发到 host-gateway 去。

即容器内部访问这个域名 host.docker.internal 时，就会访问到对应的主机上的 host-gateway 地址，从而达到容器访问主机上服务的效果。

docker compose

注意：8080是宿主机提供的服务

version: "2.3" # version改为3.3也可以
services:server:image: curlimages/curlcommand: curl http://host.docker.internal:8080extra_hosts:- "host.docker.internal:host-gateway"

2. docker-compose使用多个docker-compose.yaml配置文件创建容器

如何使用多个Docker compose文件，参见：multiple-compose-files

Docker Compose lets you merge and override a set of Compose files together to create a composite Compose file.

By default, Compose reads two files, a compose.yml and an optional compose.override.yml file. By convention, the compose.yml contains your base configuration. The override file can contain configuration overrides for existing services or entirely new services.

If a service is defined in both files, Compose merges the configurations using the rules described below and in the Compose Specification.

后面的docker compose配置如何与前面的docker compose配置合并，参见：compose-file/13-merge

指定多个docker compose配置文件示例

docker compose -f docker-compose.yaml -f docker-compose.gpu.yaml up -d --builddocker compose -f docker-compose.yaml -f docker-compose.api.yaml up -d --build

docker-compose.yaml

version: '3.8'services:ollama:volumes:- ollama:/root/.ollamacontainer_name: ollamapull_policy: alwaystty: truerestart: unless-stoppedimage: ollama/ollama:${OLLAMA_DOCKER_TAG-latest}open-webui:build:context: .args:OLLAMA_BASE_URL: '/ollama'dockerfile: Dockerfileimage: ghcr.io/open-webui/open-webui:${WEBUI_DOCKER_TAG-main}container_name: open-webuivolumes:- open-webui:/app/backend/datadepends_on:- ollamaports:- ${OPEN_WEBUI_PORT-3000}:8080environment:- 'OLLAMA_BASE_URL=http://ollama:11434'- 'WEBUI_SECRET_KEY='extra_hosts:- host.docker.internal:host-gatewayrestart: unless-stoppedvolumes:ollama: {}open-webui: {}

docker-compose.gpu.yaml

version: '3.8'services:ollama:# GPU supportdeploy:resources:reservations:devices:- driver: ${OLLAMA_GPU_DRIVER-nvidia}count: ${OLLAMA_GPU_COUNT-1}capabilities:- gpu

docker-compose.api.yaml

version: '3.8'services:ollama:# Expose Ollama API outside the container stackports:- ${OLLAMA_WEBAPI_PORT-11434}:11434