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全文检索-ElasticSearch

news 2026/2/9 0:09:12

1.基本概念

1.Index索引

动词：相当于MySQL中的insert；

名词：相当于MySQL中的DataBase；

2.Type（类型）

在Index（索引）中，可以定义一个或多个类型

类似于MySQL中的Table;每一种类型的数据放在一起

3.Document(文档)

保存在某个索引(index)下，某种类型(Type) 的一个数据(Document),文档是JSON格式的，Document就像是MySQL 中的某个Table里面的内容类似一行数据

4.倒排索引

2.Docker 安装ElasticSearch

2.1 拉取镜像

docker pull elasticsearch:7.4.2

docker pull kibana:7.4.2

2.2 创建实例

2.2.1 创建挂载目录

mkdir  ./config

mkdir ./data

记得授予权限

chmod -R 777 ./elasticsearch

2.2.2 使容器外任何地址都能够访问 elasticsearch

echo "http.host: 0.0.0.0">>./config/elasticsearch.yml

elasticsearch.yml

http.host: 0.0.0.0

2.2.3 docker 启动

docker run --name elasticsearch -p 9200:9200 -p9300:9300 \
-e "discovery.type=single-node" \
-e ES_JAVA_OPTS="-Xms512m -Xmx1024m" \
-v ./config/elasticsearch.yml:/usr/share/elasticsearch/config/elasticsearch.yml \
-v ./data:/usr/share/elasticsearch/data \
-v ./plugins:/usr/share/elasticsearch/plugins \
-d elasticsearch:7.4.2

2.3 安装Kibana

docker run --name kibana -e ELASTICSEARCH_HOSTS=http://192.168.232.209:9200 -p 5601:5601 \
-d kibana:7.4.2

3.初步检索

3.1 _cat

查看节点信息

http://192.168.232.209:9200/_cat/nodes

查看elasticsearch的健康状态

http://192.168.232.209:9200/_cat/health

查看elasticsearch的主节点信息

http://192.168.232.209:9200/_cat/master

查看所有索引

http://192.168.232.209:9200/_cat/indices

3.2 索引一个文档（保存或修改一条记录）

保存一个数据，保存在那个索引的哪个类型下，指定用哪个唯一标识

http://192.168.232.209:9200/customer/external/1

3.3 查询文档

http://192.168.232.209:9200/customer/external/1

3.4 更新文档

3.4.1 _update

这个操作如果修改文档的值和原来一样，则不会更新版本。

3.4.2

3.5 删除文档

3.6 bulk 批量 API

批量操作

从这个网站复制

https://gitee.com/xlh_blog/common_content/blob/master/es%E6%B5%8B%E8%AF%95%E6%95%B0%E6%8D%AE.json#

执行 /_bluk

4.进阶检索

1.searchAPI

ES支持两种基本方式检索:

一个是通过使用REST request URI 发送搜索参数(uri + 检索参数)
另一个是通过使用REST request body 来发送它们 (uri + 请求体)

GET /bank/_search?q=*&sort=account_number:asc

q=* 查询所有

sort 跟据 account_number 升序

2.QueryDSL

GET /bank/_search
{"query": {"match_all": {}},"sort": [{"account_number":  "asc"},{"balance": "desc"}]
}

3.部分检索

GET /bank/_search
{"query": {"match_all": {}},"sort": [{"account_number":  "desc"},{"balance": "desc"}],"from": 0,"size": 20,"_source": ["balance","account_number"]}

4. match[匹配查询]

GET /bank/_search
{"query": {"match": {"account_number": 20}}}

GET /bank/_search
{"query": {"match": {"address": "mill lane"}}}

全文检索按照评分进行排序

5.match_phrase [短语匹配]

将需要匹配的值当成一个整体单词(不分词)进行检索

GET /bank/_search
{"query": {"match_phrase": {"address": "mill lane"}}}

6.multi_match [多字段匹配]

这是或，只要一个字段满足，就返回


GET /bank/_search
{"query": {"multi_match": {"query": "mill","fields": ["state","address"]}}}

能够正常分词

GET /bank/_search
{"query": {"multi_match": {"query": "mill Movico","fields": ["city","address"]}}}

7.bool复杂查询

bool用来做复杂查询：

复合语句可以合并任何其他查询语句，包括复合语句，了解这一点是很重要的。这就意味着，复合语句之间可以相互嵌套，可以表达非常复杂的逻辑。

must: 必须达到must列举所有条件也就是相当于 AND

must_not: 且不满足里面的条件

should: 不是or 就是匹配上面有加分项


GET /bank/_search
{"query": {"bool": {"must": [{"match": {"gender": "m"}},{"match": {"address": "Mill"}}],"must_not": [{"match": {"age": 28 }}],"should": [{"match": {"lastname": "v"}}]}}}

8.filter [结果过滤]

并不是所有的查询都需要产生分数，特别是那些仅用于 "filtering" (过滤) 的文档。为了不计算分数Elasticsearch 会自动检查场景并且优化查询的执行。

GET /bank/_search
{"query": {"bool": {"must": [{"match": {"gender": "m"}},{"match": {"address": "Mill"}}],"must_not": [{"match": {"age": 18 }}],"should": [{"match": {"lastname": "Wallace"}}],"filter": {"range": {"age": {"gte": 18,"lte": 20}}}}}
}

9.term

和match一样。匹配某个属性的值。全文检索字段用match，其他非text 字段匹配用term

不用全文检索的时候用term 比如数字年龄

GET /bank/_search
{
"query": {"term": {"age": {"value": "28"}}
}
}

GET /bank/_search
{
"query": {"match": {"email.keyword": "margueritewall@aquoavo.com"}
}
}

address.keyword 和 match_phrase 区别：

前者就是精确匹配，后者包含这个短语就行

非文本字段用 term

文本字段用 match

10. aggregations (执行聚合)

聚合提供了从数据中分组和提取数据的能力。最简单的聚合方法大致等于 SQL GROUP BY 和 SQL 的聚合函数。在Elasticsearch 中，您有执行搜索返回 hits (命中结果) ，并且同时返回聚合结果，把一个响应中的所有hits (命中结果) 分隔开的能力。这是非常强大且有效，您可以执行查询和多个聚合，并且在一次使用中得到各自的（任何一个的）返回结果，使用一次简化和简化的API 来避免网络往返。

搜索 address 中包含mill 的所有人的年龄分布以及平均年龄，但不显示这些人的详情。

GET /bank/_search
{"query": {"match": {"address": "mill"}},"aggs": {"ageAgg": {"terms": {"field": "age","size": 10}},"ageAvg":{"avg": {"field": "age"}},"blanceAvg":{"avg": {"field": "balance"}}},"size": 0
}

复杂：

按照年龄聚合，并且请求这些年龄段的这些人的平均薪资


##按照年龄聚合，并且请求这些年龄段的这些人的平均薪资
GET /bank/_search
{"query": {"match_all": {}},"aggs": {"aggAgg": {"terms": {"field": "age","size": 100},"aggs": {"aggAvg": {"avg": {"field": "balance"}}}}}}

复杂2：

查出所有年龄分布，并且这些年龄段中M的平均薪资和F的平均薪资以及这个年龄段的总体平均薪资.

##查出所有年龄分布，并且这些年龄段中M的平均薪资和F的平均薪资以及这个年龄段的总体平均薪资GET /bank/_search
{"query": {"match_all": {}},"aggs": {"aggAggs": {"terms": {"field": "age","size": 100},"aggs": {"avgBalanceAll":{"avg": {"field": "balance"}},"genderAgg": {"terms": {"field": "gender.keyword","size": 2},"aggs": {"avgBlance": {"avg": {"field": "balance"}}}}}}}
}

11.mapping(映射)

所有数据类型

创建一个有类型定义的索引

PUT /my_index
{"mappings": {"properties": {"age":{"type": "integer"  },"email":{"type": "keyword"},"name":{"type": "text"}}}
}

添加映射字段

PUT /my_index/_mapping
{"properties": {"employee-id":{"type":"keyword","index":false }}
}

index =false 代表不参与索引，是搜索不到他的，相当于冗余存储字段，通过其他字段查出来

迁移数据

创建新索引

PUT /newbank
{"mappings": {"properties": {"account_number": {"type": "long"},"address": {"type": "text"},"age": {"type": "integer"},"balance": {"type": "long"},"city": {"type": "keyword"},"email": {"type": "keyword"},"employer": {"type": "text","fields": {"keyword": {"type": "keyword","ignore_above": 256}}},"firstname": {"type": "text"},"gender": {"type": "keyword"},"lastname": {"type": "text","fields": {"keyword": {"type": "keyword","ignore_above": 256}}},"state": {"type": "keyword"}}}
}

上面是6.0以后不用类型保存的迁移方法

下面是6.0之前

POST _reindex
{"source": {"index": "bank","type": "account"},"dest": {"index": "newbank"}
}

5.分词

POST _analyze
{"analyzer": "standard","text": "The 2 QUICK Brown_Foxes jumped over the lazy dog's bone."
}

1.安装ik分词器

注意：不能用默认elastics-plugin install xx.zip 进行自动安装

进入这个网址下

Index of: analysis-ik/stable/ (infinilabs.com)

进入es 容器·内部 plugins 目录

docker exec -it 容器id /bin/bash

POST _analyze
{"analyzer": "ik_smart","text": "我是中国人"
}POST _analyze
{"analyzer": "ik_max_word","text": "鸡你太美"
}

安装方法和我上一篇文章一样

ElasticSearch-CSDN博客

vagrant ssh密码登录 122集

2.自定义分词器

1.重新安装nginx

命令

在nginx文件夹下,执行

docker run -p 80:80 --name nginx \
-v ./html:/usr/share/nginx/html \
-v ./logs:/var/log/nginx \
-v ./conf:/etc/nginx  \
-d nginx:1.10

2. 创建分词文件

/opt/nginx/html/es/fenci.txt

尚硅谷
乔碧螺

3.在es插件，路径下找到xml文件对应的分词库路径，保存位置进行修改

"/opt/elasticearch/plugins/ik/config/IKAnalyzer.cfg.xml"

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE properties SYSTEM "http://java.sun.com/dtd/properties.dtd">
<properties><comment>IK Analyzer 扩展配置</comment><!--用户可以在这里配置自己的扩展字典 --><entry key="ext_dict"></entry><!--用户可以在这里配置自己的扩展停止词字典--><entry key="ext_stopwords"></entry><!--用户可以在这里配置远程扩展字典 --><entry key="remote_ext_dict">http://虚拟机地址:80/es/fenci.txt</entry><!--用户可以在这里配置远程扩展停止词字典--><!-- <entry key="remote_ext_stopwords">words_location</entry> -->
</properties>

4.修改以后重启restart es容器

docker restart elasticsearch

6.Elasticsearch整合Spirngboot使用

1.Elasticsearch-Rest-Client 官方 RestClient ，封装类ES操作，API层次分明，上手简单。

最终选择Elasticsearch-Rest-Client (elasticsearch-rest-high-level-client)

https://www.elastic.co/guid/en/elasticsearch/client/java-rest/current/java-rest-high.html

<!--        导入ES高阶API--><dependency><groupId>org.elasticsearch.client</groupId><artifactId>elasticsearch-rest-high-level-client</artifactId><version>${elasticsearch.version}</version></dependency>

package com.jmj.gulimall.search.config;import org.apache.http.HttpHost;
import org.elasticsearch.client.RestClient;
import org.elasticsearch.client.RestHighLevelClient;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;/*** 导入依赖* 编写配置 给容器中注入一个 RestHighLevelClient* 参照官方API 操作就可以了 https://www.elastic.co/guide/en/elasticsearch/client/java-rest/7.4/java-rest-high-getting-started-initialization.html*/
@Configuration
public class GulimallElasticSearchConfig {@Beanpublic RestHighLevelClient esRestClient() {RestHighLevelClient client = new RestHighLevelClient(RestClient.builder(new HttpHost("192.168.232.209", 9200, "http")));return client;}}

2.RequestOption

请求选项：比如安全验证，带token 请求头

package com.jmj.gulimall.search.config;import org.apache.http.HttpHost;
import org.elasticsearch.client.RequestOptions;
import org.elasticsearch.client.RestClient;
import org.elasticsearch.client.RestHighLevelClient;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;/*** 导入依赖* 编写配置 给容器中注入一个 RestHighLevelClient* 参照官方API 操作就可以了 https://www.elastic.co/guide/en/elasticsearch/client/java-rest/7.4/java-rest-high-getting-started-initialization.html*/
@Configuration
public class GulimallElasticSearchConfig {public static final RequestOptions COMMON_OPTIONS;static {RequestOptions.Builder builder = RequestOptions.DEFAULT.toBuilder();
//        builder.addHeader("Authorization", "Bearer " + TOKEN);
//        builder.setHttpAsyncResponseConsumerFactory(
//                new HttpAsyncResponseConsumerFactory
//                        .HeapBufferedResponseConsumerFactory(30 * 1024 * 1024 * 1024));COMMON_OPTIONS = builder.build();}@Beanpublic RestHighLevelClient esRestClient() {RestHighLevelClient client = new RestHighLevelClient(RestClient.builder(new HttpHost("192.168.232.209", 9200, "http")));return client;}}

3.Index API

第一种

第二种

第三种

第四种

   /*** 测试存储数据到ES* 更新也可以*/@Testvoid indexData() throws IOException {//index索引 usersIndexRequest indexRequest = new IndexRequest("users");//设置document id ，不设置就会默认生成/*** 若是同样的id重复执行，就是更新操作 乐观锁控制版本*/indexRequest.id("1");//1. key value  pair
//        indexRequest.source("userName","zhangsan","age",18,"gender","男");//2，JSONUser user = new User("zhangsan", "男", 18);String json = new ObjectMapper().writeValueAsString(user);//一秒超时时间indexRequest.timeout(TimeValue.timeValueSeconds(1));indexRequest.source(json, XContentType.JSON);//要保存的内容//执行操作IndexResponse index = client.index(indexRequest, GulimallElasticSearchConfig.COMMON_OPTIONS);//提取有用的响应数据System.out.println(index);}

4.查询API

 @Datapublic static class Account{private int account_number;private String firstname;private String address;private int balance;private String gender;private String city;private String employer;private String state;private int age;private String email;private String lastname;}/*** search检索*/@Testvoid searchData() throws IOException {//1、创建检索请求SearchRequest searchRequest = new SearchRequest();//2、指定索引searchRequest.indices("bank");//3、检索条件DSLSearchSourceBuilder sourceBuilder = new SearchSourceBuilder();//        sourceBuilder.query();
//        sourceBuilder.from();
//        sourceBuilder.size();
//        sourceBuilder.aggregations();//        sourceBuilder.query(QueryBuilders.matchAllQuery());sourceBuilder.query(QueryBuilders.matchQuery("address","mill"));//按照年龄进行分组TermsAggregationBuilder ageAgg = AggregationBuilders.terms("ageAgg").field("age").size(10);sourceBuilder.aggregation(ageAgg);//计算平均薪资AvgAggregationBuilder balanceAge = AggregationBuilders.avg("balanceAvg").field("balance");sourceBuilder.aggregation(balanceAge);System.out.println("检索条件:"+sourceBuilder);searchRequest.source(sourceBuilder);//4、执行检索SearchResponse response = client.search(searchRequest, GulimallElasticSearchConfig.COMMON_OPTIONS);//5、响应 分析结果
//        System.out.println(response.toString());SearchHits hits = response.getHits();SearchHit[] hits1 = hits.getHits();for (SearchHit documentFields : hits1) {String sourceAsString = documentFields.getSourceAsString();Account account = new ObjectMapper().readValue(sourceAsString, Account.class);System.out.println(account);}//获取分析数据Aggregations aggregations = response.getAggregations();Terms ageAgg1 = aggregations.get("ageAgg");for (Terms.Bucket bucket : ageAgg1.getBuckets()) {String keyAsString = bucket.getKeyAsString();System.out.println("年龄:"+keyAsString+"=>"+bucket.getDocCount());}Avg balanceAvg = aggregations.get("balanceAvg");System.out.println("平均薪资:"+balanceAvg.getValue());}

7.SKU 在es种存储的模型

其中，库存信息的标题使用了ik分词器，图片信息，品牌名，品牌id等信息均不可检索。商品的规格参数等信息以nested类型，即嵌入属性存储。相关的细节这里不再赘述。

PUT product
{"mappings": {"properties": {"skuId": {"type": "long"},"spuId": {"type": "long"},"skuTitle": {"type": "text","analyzer": "ik_smart"},"skuPrice": {"type": "keyword"},"skuImg": {"type": "keyword","index": false,"doc_values": false},"saleCount": {"type": "long"},"hosStock": {"type": "boolean"},"hotScore": {"type": "long"},"brandId": {"type": "long"},"catalogId": {"type": "long"},"brandName": {"type": "keyword","index": false,"doc_values": false},"brandImg": {"type": "keyword","index": false,"doc_values": false},"catalogName": {"type": "keyword","index": false,"doc_values": false},"attrs": {"type": "nested","properties": {"attrId": {"type": "long"},"attrName": {"type": "keyword","index": false,"doc_values": false},"attrValue": {"type": "keyword"}}}}}
}

8.ES扁平化处理

PUT my_index/_doc/1
{"group":"fans","user":[{"first":"John","last":"Smith"},{"first":"Alice","last":"White"}]
}

GET my_index/_search
{"query": {"bool": {"must": [{"match": {"user.first": "Alice"}},{"match": {"user.first": "Alice"}}]}}
}

取消扁平化处理

PUT my_index
{"mappings": {"properties": {"user":{"type": "nested"}}}
}

再次查询

9. 商城上架

 @Override@Transactional(rollbackFor = Exception.class)public void up(Long spuId) {//组装需要的数据//1. 查出当前 spuid 对应的所有sku 信息，品牌 的名字。List<SkuInfoEntity> skuInfoEntityList = skuInfoService.getSkusBySpuId(spuId);//TODO 查询当前sku的所有可以用来检索的属性List<ProductAttrValueEntity> baseAttrs = productAttrValueService.baseAttrlistforspu(spuId);List<Long> attrIds = baseAttrs.stream().map(a -> a.getAttrId()).collect(Collectors.toList());List<Long> searchAttrIds = attrService.selectSearchAtts(attrIds);List<SkuEsModel.Attrs> attrsList = baseAttrs.stream().filter(item -> searchAttrIds.contains(item.getAttrId())).map(item -> {SkuEsModel.Attrs attrs1 = new SkuEsModel.Attrs();BeanUtils.copyProperties(item, attrs1);return attrs1;}).collect(Collectors.toList());//TODO 发送远程调用 库存系统查询是否有库存List<Long> skuIds = skuInfoEntityList.stream().map(s -> s.getSkuId()).distinct().collect(Collectors.toList());List<SkuHasStockVo> skusHasStock = wareFeignService.getSkusHasStock(skuIds);Map<Long, Boolean> stockMap = skusHasStock.stream().collect(Collectors.toMap(s -> s.getSkuId(), s -> s.getHasStock()));//2.封装每个SKU 的信息List<SkuEsModel> upProducts = skuInfoEntityList.stream().map(sku -> {SkuEsModel esModel = new SkuEsModel();BeanUtils.copyProperties(sku, esModel);esModel.setSkuPrice(sku.getPrice());esModel.setSkuImg(sku.getSkuDefaultImg());Long skuId = esModel.getSkuId();Boolean aBoolean = stockMap.get(skuId);if (aBoolean!=null){esModel.setHasStock(aBoolean);}else {esModel.setHasStock(false);}//TODO 热度评分esModel.setHotScore(0L);//TODO 查询品牌和分类的名字信息BrandEntity brand = brandService.getById(esModel.getBrandId());esModel.setBrandName(brand.getName());esModel.setBrandImg(brand.getLogo());CategoryEntity category = categoryService.getById(esModel.getCatalogId());esModel.setCatalogName(category.getName());//设置检索属性esModel.setAttrs(attrsList);return esModel;}).collect(Collectors.toList());//TODO 将数据发送给es进行保存searchFeignService.productStatusUp(upProducts);//TODO 修改状态this.update(new UpdateWrapper<SpuInfoEntity>().set("publish_status", ProductConstant.StatusEnum.SPU_UP.getCode()).set("update_taime",new Date()).eq("id",spuId));//Feign调用流程/*** 1、构造请求数据,将对象转为json* 2、发送请求进行执行(执行成功会解码响应数据)* 3、执行请求会有重试机制* //默认重试机制是关闭状态* while(true){*    * }*/}