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Java实现图书管理系统

news 2025/11/4 10:46:54

一、引言

本篇介绍了一个简易的图书管理系统，面向管理员和普通用户分别给出了不同的菜单，实现了一些基本的图书操作功能，包括图书的增删查改、借阅、归还等

二、图书管理系统框架

图书管理系统，顾名思义，管理的是图书，所以需要定义一个类来存放书籍的信息，同时定义一个类来表示存放书籍的书架；在系统中需要进行查找图书、借阅图书、归还图书、新增图书、删除图书、显示图书、退出系统等操作，我们可以将这些功能定义在一个包里面，通过实现一个共同的接口，进而进行书籍的各项操作；之前所描述的菜单也可以定义在一个包中，管理员和普通用户分别定义为不同的类，继承自同一个父类，在创建不同的对象时进行不同的操作

2.1书籍

书籍类中需要包含书籍的基本信息以及使用这些信息的方法，包括

书籍名称name
书籍作者author
书籍价格price
书籍类型type
被借阅情况isBorrowed
相应的各个get-set方法
显示所有信息的toString方法（需要重写）

2.2书架

创建一个Book类数组，用来存储书籍的数据，变量useSize表示有效的数据个数（实际存放的书的个数），相应的get-set方法，toString方法（需要被重写）

2.3功能接口

定义一个IOperations接口，通过接口实现具体的功能，使程序更有条理性

二、图书管理系统菜单

不同身份的人对于图书管理系统有着不同的需求，比如管理者需要进行图书的增删查改，普通用户则需要进行图书的借阅和归还，在程序中体现在根据不同身份给出不同的系统菜单

定义一个User类，实现两个类共有的成员变量以及成员方法

3.1管理员菜单

新建一个AdminUser类，继承User类，需要重写父类的方法，并实现自己菜单的打印

查找图书
新增图书
删除图书
显示图书
退出系统

3.2普通用户菜单

新建一个NormalUser类，继承User类，需要重写父类的方法，并实现自己菜单的打印

查找图书
借阅图书
归还图书
退出系统

四、图书管理系统功能

4.1新增图书

首先需要判断书架是否是满的，若是满的，输出信息，否则进行新增书籍的信息的录入。在获取到新增书籍的信息之后，需要判断一下这本书在书架上是否存在，若存在，输出错误信息，不存在，正常录入，同时需要修改usedSize的值

4.2借阅图书

输入需要借阅的书籍名称，在书架上查找该书，找到后判断该书籍的借阅状态，若已被借阅，输出错误信息，若未被借阅，修改借阅状态，借阅成功，若是未找到该书，输出错误信息

4.3删除图书

输入需要删除的书籍名称，在书架上查找该书，若存在，查找要删除的书籍所在下标，从该下标开始，通过元素覆盖的方式，删除书籍信息，删除后要记得修改对应的usedSize的值。同样的，要是被删除的书籍不存在，输出错误信息

4.4查找图书

遍历数组，通过书籍的名字进行图书的查找，这里需要用到书架的usedSize作为循环的终止条件，找到后打印书籍信息，否则输出错误信息

4.5归还图书

和借阅图书过程类似，输入书籍名称，遍历书架，找到被借走的书籍的信息，将书籍的状态改成未借阅，如果没有找到该书，则输出错误信息

4.6展示图书

遍历书架，逐个打印书籍信息

4.7退出系统

使用exit方法退出系统

五、图书管理系统完整代码实现

5.1总体框架

5.2book包

5.2.1ioperations包

5.2.1.1AddOperations类

package book.ioperations;import book.Book;
import book.BookList;import java.util.Scanner;public class AddOperations implements IOperations{public void work(BookList bookList){System.out.println("新增图书...");int currentsize = bookList.getUsedSize();if(currentsize == bookList.getBooks().length){System.out.println("书架已满，新增失败");}Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);System.out.println("请输入书名：");String name = scanner.nextLine();System.out.println("请输入作者名：");String author = scanner.nextLine();System.out.println("请输入价格：");int price = scanner.nextInt();System.out.println("请输入书籍类型：");String type = scanner.nextLine();Book newbook = new Book(name,author,price,type);for (int i = 0; i < currentsize; i++) {Book book = bookList.getBook(i);if(book.getName().equals(name)) {System.out.println("此书已存在，插入失败");return;}bookList.setBook(currentsize,newbook);bookList.setUsedSize(currentsize++);System.out.println("新增图书成功！");}}
}

5.2.1.2BorrowOperations类

package book.ioperations;import book.Book;
import book.BookList;import java.util.Scanner;public class BorrowOperations implements IOperations{public void work(BookList bookList){System.out.println("借阅图书...");Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);System.out.println("请输入要借阅的图书名：");String name = scanner.nextLine();int currentsize = bookList.getUsedSize();for (int i = 0; i < currentsize; i++) {Book book = bookList.getBook(i);if(book.getName().equals(name)){if(book.isBorrowed()){System.out.println("该书已被借阅...");book.setBorrowed(false);return;}else{System.out.println("借阅成功！");return;}}}System.out.println("未找到此书，借阅失败！");}
}

5.2.1.3DeleteOperations类

package book.ioperations;import book.Book;
import book.BookList;import java.util.Scanner;public class DeleteOperations implements IOperations{public void work(BookList bookList){System.out.println("删除图书...");Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);System.out.println("请输入要删除的图书名：");String name = scanner.nextLine();int currentsize = bookList.getUsedSize();int pos = -1;int i = 0;for (; i < currentsize; i++) {Book book = bookList.getBook(i);if(book.getName().equals(name)) {pos = i;break;}}if(i == currentsize){System.out.println("该图书不存在，无法删除！");return;}for(int j = pos; j < currentsize - 1; j++){Book book = bookList.getBook(j+1);bookList.setBook(j,book);}bookList.setBook(currentsize-1,null);bookList.setUsedSize(currentsize-1);System.out.println("《"+name+"》"+"删除成功");}
}

5.2.1.4ExitOperations类

package book.ioperations;import book.BookList;public class ExitOperations implements IOperations{public void work(BookList bookList){System.out.println("退出系统...");System.exit(0);}
}

5.2.1.5FindOperations类

package book.ioperations;import book.Book;
import book.BookList;import java.util.Scanner;public class FindOperations implements IOperations{public void work(BookList bookList){System.out.println("借阅图书...");Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);System.out.println("请输入要查找的图书名：");String name = scanner.nextLine();int currentsize = bookList.getUsedSize();for (int i = 0; i < currentsize; i++) {Book book = bookList.getBook(i);if(book.getName().equals(name)){System.out.println("已找到...\n书籍信息为：");System.out.println(book);return;}}System.out.println("未找到此书...");}
}

5.2.1.6ReturnOperations类

package book.ioperations;import book.Book;
import book.BookList;import java.util.Scanner;public class ReturnOperations implements IOperations{public void work(BookList bookList){System.out.println("归还图书...");Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);System.out.println("请输入要归还的图书名：");String name = scanner.nextLine();int currentsize = bookList.getUsedSize();for (int i = 0; i < currentsize; i++) {Book book = bookList.getBook(i);if (book.getName().equals(name)) {if (book.isBorrowed()) {System.out.println("归还成功！");book.setBorrowed(false);return;}}System.out.println("未找到此书，归还失败！");}}
}

5.2.1.7ShowOperations类

package book.ioperations;import book.Book;
import book.BookList;import java.sql.SQLOutput;public class ShowOperations implements IOperations{public void work(BookList bookList){System.out.println("显示书籍信息...");int currentsize = bookList.getUsedSize();for (int i = 0; i < currentsize; i++) {Book book = bookList.getBook(i);System.out.println(book);}}
}

5.2.1.8IOperations接口

package book.ioperations;import book.BookList;public interface IOperations {void work(BookList bookList);
}

5.2.2Book类

package book;public class Book {private String name;private String author;private int price;private String type;private boolean isBorrowed;public Book(String name, String author, int price, String type) {this.name = name;this.author = author;this.price = price;this.type = type;}public String getName() {return name;}public void setName(String name) {this.name = name;}public String getAuthor() {return author;}public void setAuthor(String author) {this.author = author;}public int getPrice() {return price;}public void setPrice(int price) {this.price = price;}public String getType() {return type;}public void setType(String type) {this.type = type;}public boolean isBorrowed() {return isBorrowed;}public void setBorrowed(boolean borrowed) {isBorrowed = borrowed;}@Overridepublic String toString() {return "Book{" +"name='" + name + '\'' +", author='" + author + '\'' +", price=" + price +", type='" + type + '\'' +(isBorrowed?" 已借出":" 未借出")+'}';}
}

5.2.3BookList类

package book;import java.util.Arrays;public class BookList {private Book[] books = new Book[10];private int usedSize;public BookList(){this.books[0] = new Book("西游记","吴承恩",20,"小说");this.books[1] = new Book("水浒传","施耐恩",20,"小说");this.books[2] = new Book("三国演义","罗贯中",20,"小说");this.usedSize = 3;}public Book[] getBooks() {return books;}public Book getBook(int pos) {return books[pos];}public void setBook(int pos,Book book) {this.books[pos] = book;}public int getUsedSize() {return usedSize;}public void setUsedSize(int usedSize) {this.usedSize = usedSize;}@Overridepublic String toString() {return "BookList{" +"books=" + Arrays.toString(books) +'}';}
}

5.3Main包

5.3.1test类

package Main;import book.BookList;
import user.AdminUser;
import user.NormalUser;
import user.User;import java.util.Scanner;public class test {public static User login(){Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);System.out.println("请输入您的姓名：");String name = scanner.nextLine();System.out.println("请选择您的身份：1.管理员 2.普通用户");int choice = scanner.nextInt();while(true){if(choice==1){return new AdminUser(name);}else if(choice==2){return new NormalUser(name);}else{System.out.println("输入错误，请重新输入！！");}}}public static void main(String[] args) {BookList bookList = new BookList();User user = login();while(true) {int choice = user.menu();user.doIoperation(choice, bookList);}}
}

5.4user包

5.4.1User类

package user;import book.BookList;
import book.ioperations.IOperations;public abstract class User {protected String name;public IOperations[] iOperations;public User(String name) {this.name = name;}public abstract int menu();public void doIoperation(int choice, BookList bookList){iOperations[choice].work(bookList);}
}

5.4.2AdminUser类

package user;import java.util.Scanner;import book.ioperations.*;public class AdminUser extends User {public AdminUser(String name) {super(name);this.iOperations = new IOperations[]{new ExitOperations(),new FindOperations(),new AddOperations(),new DeleteOperations(),new ShowOperations()};}public int menu(){System.out.println("********管理员菜单********");System.out.println("1.查找图书 ");System.out.println("2.新增图书 ");System.out.println("3.删除图书 ");System.out.println("4.显示图书 ");System.out.println("0.退出系统 ");System.out.println("************************");Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);System.out.println("请输入你的操作：");return scanner.nextInt();}
}

5.4.3NormalUser类

package user;import book.ioperations.*;import java.util.Scanner;public class NormalUser extends User{public NormalUser(String name) {super(name);this.iOperations = new IOperations[]{new ExitOperations(),new FindOperations(),new BorrowOperations(),new ReturnOperations()};}public int menu(){System.out.println("********用户菜单********");System.out.println("1.查找图书");System.out.println("2.借阅图书");System.out.println("3.归还图书");System.out.println("0.退出系统");System.out.println("***********************");Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);System.out.println("请输入你的操作：");return scanner.nextInt();}
}