CentOS7安装使用containerd

一，安装

 1.1、安装containerd

 下载

https://github.com/containerd/containerd/releases/download/v1.7.24/cri-containerd-cni-1.7.24-linux-amd64.tar.gz

wget https://github.com/containerd/containerd/releases/download/v1.7.24/cri-containerd-cni-1.7.24-linux-amd64.tar.gz

 解压

tar xf cri-containerd-cni-1.7.24-linux-amd64.tar.gz

cp usr/local/bin/containerd /usr/local/bin/

配置开机启动（使用默认配置）

cp etc/systemd/system/containerd.service /usr/lib/systemd/system/

 检查是否安装成功

containerd --help
NAME:containerd - __        _                     ___________  ____  / /_____ _(_)___  ___  _________/ // ___/ __ \/ __ \/ __/ __ `/ / __ \/ _ \/ ___/ __  /
/ /__/ /_/ / / / / /_/ /_/ / / / / /  __/ /  / /_/ /
\___/\____/_/ /_/\__/\__,_/_/_/ /_/\___/_/   \__,_/high performance container runtimeUSAGE:containerd [global options] command [command options] [arguments...]VERSION:v1.7.24DESCRIPTION:containerd is a high performance container runtime whose daemon can be started
by using this command. If none of the *config*, *publish*, *oci-hook*, or *help* commands
are specified, the default action of the **containerd** command is to start the
containerd daemon in the foreground.A default configuration is used if no TOML configuration is specified or located
at the default file location. The *containerd config* command can be used to
generate the default configuration for containerd. The output of that command
can be used and modified as necessary as a custom configuration.COMMANDS:config    Information on the containerd configpublish   Binary to publish events to containerdoci-hook  Provides a base for OCI runtime hooks to allow arguments to be injected.help, h   Shows a list of commands or help for one commandGLOBAL OPTIONS:--config value, -c value     Path to the configuration file (default: "/etc/containerd/config.toml")--log-level value, -l value  Set the logging level [trace, debug, info, warn, error, fatal, panic]--address value, -a value    Address for containerd's GRPC server--root value                 containerd root directory--state value                containerd state directory--help, -h                   show help--version, -v                print the version

创建配置文件夹 

mkdir /etc/containerd/

生成默认配置

containerd config default > /etc/containerd/config.toml

 查看配置文件

cat /etc/containerd/config.toml 
disabled_plugins = []
imports = []
oom_score = 0
plugin_dir = ""
required_plugins = []
root = "/var/lib/containerd"
state = "/run/containerd"
temp = ""
version = 2[cgroup]path = ""[debug]address = ""format = ""gid = 0level = ""uid = 0[grpc]address = "/run/containerd/containerd.sock"gid = 0max_recv_message_size = 16777216max_send_message_size = 16777216tcp_address = ""tcp_tls_ca = ""tcp_tls_cert = ""tcp_tls_key = ""uid = 0[metrics]address = ""grpc_histogram = false[plugins][plugins."io.containerd.gc.v1.scheduler"]deletion_threshold = 0mutation_threshold = 100pause_threshold = 0.02schedule_delay = "0s"startup_delay = "100ms"[plugins."io.containerd.grpc.v1.cri"]cdi_spec_dirs = ["/etc/cdi", "/var/run/cdi"]device_ownership_from_security_context = falsedisable_apparmor = falsedisable_cgroup = falsedisable_hugetlb_controller = truedisable_proc_mount = falsedisable_tcp_service = truedrain_exec_sync_io_timeout = "0s"enable_cdi = falseenable_selinux = falseenable_tls_streaming = falseenable_unprivileged_icmp = falseenable_unprivileged_ports = falseignore_deprecation_warnings = []ignore_image_defined_volumes = falseimage_pull_progress_timeout = "5m0s"image_pull_with_sync_fs = falsemax_concurrent_downloads = 3max_container_log_line_size = 16384netns_mounts_under_state_dir = falserestrict_oom_score_adj = falsesandbox_image = "registry.k8s.io/pause:3.8"selinux_category_range = 1024stats_collect_period = 10stream_idle_timeout = "4h0m0s"stream_server_address = "127.0.0.1"stream_server_port = "0"systemd_cgroup = falsetolerate_missing_hugetlb_controller = trueunset_seccomp_profile = ""[plugins."io.containerd.grpc.v1.cri".cni]bin_dir = "/opt/cni/bin"conf_dir = "/etc/cni/net.d"conf_template = ""ip_pref = ""max_conf_num = 1setup_serially = false[plugins."io.containerd.grpc.v1.cri".containerd]default_runtime_name = "runc"disable_snapshot_annotations = truediscard_unpacked_layers = falseignore_blockio_not_enabled_errors = falseignore_rdt_not_enabled_errors = falseno_pivot = falsesnapshotter = "overlayfs"[plugins."io.containerd.grpc.v1.cri".containerd.default_runtime]base_runtime_spec = ""cni_conf_dir = ""cni_max_conf_num = 0container_annotations = []pod_annotations = []privileged_without_host_devices = falseprivileged_without_host_devices_all_devices_allowed = falseruntime_engine = ""runtime_path = ""runtime_root = ""runtime_type = ""sandbox_mode = ""snapshotter = ""[plugins."io.containerd.grpc.v1.cri".containerd.default_runtime.options][plugins."io.containerd.grpc.v1.cri".containerd.runtimes][plugins."io.containerd.grpc.v1.cri".containerd.runtimes.runc]base_runtime_spec = ""cni_conf_dir = ""cni_max_conf_num = 0container_annotations = []pod_annotations = []privileged_without_host_devices = falseprivileged_without_host_devices_all_devices_allowed = falseruntime_engine = ""runtime_path = ""runtime_root = ""runtime_type = "io.containerd.runc.v2"sandbox_mode = "podsandbox"snapshotter = ""[plugins."io.containerd.grpc.v1.cri".containerd.runtimes.runc.options]BinaryName = ""CriuImagePath = ""CriuPath = ""CriuWorkPath = ""IoGid = 0IoUid = 0NoNewKeyring = falseNoPivotRoot = falseRoot = ""ShimCgroup = ""SystemdCgroup = false[plugins."io.containerd.grpc.v1.cri".containerd.untrusted_workload_runtime]base_runtime_spec = ""cni_conf_dir = ""cni_max_conf_num = 0container_annotations = []pod_annotations = []privileged_without_host_devices = falseprivileged_without_host_devices_all_devices_allowed = falseruntime_engine = ""runtime_path = ""runtime_root = ""runtime_type = ""sandbox_mode = ""snapshotter = ""[plugins."io.containerd.grpc.v1.cri".containerd.untrusted_workload_runtime.options][plugins."io.containerd.grpc.v1.cri".image_decryption]key_model = "node"[plugins."io.containerd.grpc.v1.cri".registry]config_path = ""[plugins."io.containerd.grpc.v1.cri".registry.auths][plugins."io.containerd.grpc.v1.cri".registry.configs][plugins."io.containerd.grpc.v1.cri".registry.headers][plugins."io.containerd.grpc.v1.cri".registry.mirrors][plugins."io.containerd.grpc.v1.cri".x509_key_pair_streaming]tls_cert_file = ""tls_key_file = ""[plugins."io.containerd.internal.v1.opt"]path = "/opt/containerd"[plugins."io.containerd.internal.v1.restart"]interval = "10s"[plugins."io.containerd.internal.v1.tracing"][plugins."io.containerd.metadata.v1.bolt"]content_sharing_policy = "shared"[plugins."io.containerd.monitor.v1.cgroups"]no_prometheus = false[plugins."io.containerd.nri.v1.nri"]disable = truedisable_connections = falseplugin_config_path = "/etc/nri/conf.d"plugin_path = "/opt/nri/plugins"plugin_registration_timeout = "5s"plugin_request_timeout = "2s"socket_path = "/var/run/nri/nri.sock"[plugins."io.containerd.runtime.v1.linux"]no_shim = falseruntime = "runc"runtime_root = ""shim = "containerd-shim"shim_debug = false[plugins."io.containerd.runtime.v2.task"]platforms = ["linux/amd64"]sched_core = false[plugins."io.containerd.service.v1.diff-service"]default = ["walking"][plugins."io.containerd.service.v1.tasks-service"]blockio_config_file = ""rdt_config_file = ""[plugins."io.containerd.snapshotter.v1.aufs"]root_path = ""[plugins."io.containerd.snapshotter.v1.blockfile"]fs_type = ""mount_options = []root_path = ""scratch_file = ""[plugins."io.containerd.snapshotter.v1.btrfs"]root_path = ""[plugins."io.containerd.snapshotter.v1.devmapper"]async_remove = falsebase_image_size = ""discard_blocks = falsefs_options = ""fs_type = ""pool_name = ""root_path = ""[plugins."io.containerd.snapshotter.v1.native"]root_path = ""[plugins."io.containerd.snapshotter.v1.overlayfs"]mount_options = []root_path = ""sync_remove = falseupperdir_label = false[plugins."io.containerd.snapshotter.v1.zfs"]root_path = ""[plugins."io.containerd.tracing.processor.v1.otlp"][plugins."io.containerd.transfer.v1.local"]config_path = ""max_concurrent_downloads = 3max_concurrent_uploaded_layers = 3[[plugins."io.containerd.transfer.v1.local".unpack_config]]differ = ""platform = "linux/amd64"snapshotter = "overlayfs"[proxy_plugins][stream_processors][stream_processors."io.containerd.ocicrypt.decoder.v1.tar"]accepts = ["application/vnd.oci.image.layer.v1.tar+encrypted"]args = ["--decryption-keys-path", "/etc/containerd/ocicrypt/keys"]env = ["OCICRYPT_KEYPROVIDER_CONFIG=/etc/containerd/ocicrypt/ocicrypt_keyprovider.conf"]path = "ctd-decoder"returns = "application/vnd.oci.image.layer.v1.tar"[stream_processors."io.containerd.ocicrypt.decoder.v1.tar.gzip"]accepts = ["application/vnd.oci.image.layer.v1.tar+gzip+encrypted"]args = ["--decryption-keys-path", "/etc/containerd/ocicrypt/keys"]env = ["OCICRYPT_KEYPROVIDER_CONFIG=/etc/containerd/ocicrypt/ocicrypt_keyprovider.conf"]path = "ctd-decoder"returns = "application/vnd.oci.image.layer.v1.tar+gzip"[timeouts]"io.containerd.timeout.bolt.open" = "0s""io.containerd.timeout.metrics.shimstats" = "2s""io.containerd.timeout.shim.cleanup" = "5s""io.containerd.timeout.shim.load" = "5s""io.containerd.timeout.shim.shutdown" = "3s""io.containerd.timeout.task.state" = "2s"[ttrpc]address = ""gid = 0uid = 0

修改配置文件

vim  /etc/containerd/config.toml

 更改沙箱镜像地址

    #sandbox_image = "registry.k8s.io/pause:3.8"sandbox_image = "registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/pause:3.8"

配置私有镜像仓库Harbor服务器地址

      [plugins."io.containerd.grpc.v1.cri".registry.mirrors]#以下内容为私有Harbor仓库地址[plugins."io.containerd.grpc.v1.cri".registry.mirrors."192.168.74.129:5000"]endpoint = ["http://192.168.74.129:5000"]

 设为开机启动、并检查状态

#开机启动 
systemctl enable containerd
#立即启动
systemctl start containerd
#查看状态
systemctl status containerd

1.2、安装ctr工具

cp usr/local/bin/ctr /usr/bin/

1.3、安装runC

下载runC

https://objects.githubusercontent.com/github-production-release-asset-2e65be/36960321/003e9b27-6b65-4b53-ab1f-1cdaeba4e640?X-Amz-Algorithm=AWS4-HMAC-SHA256&X-Amz-Credential=releaseassetproduction%2F20250123%2Fus-east-1%2Fs3%2Faws4_request&X-Amz-Date=20250123T050501Z&X-Amz-Expires=300&X-Amz-Signature=437d4621e4b6eb9c1f2c13931cbb157f077530ed5a7bae7ae8ae580e053661ec&X-Amz-SignedHeaders=host&response-content-disposition=attachment%3B%20filename%3Drunc.amd64&response-content-type=application%2Foctet-stream

wget https://objects.githubusercontent.com/github-production-release-asset-2e65be/36960321/003e9b27-6b65-4b53-ab1f-1cdaeba4e640?X-Amz-Algorithm=AWS4-HMAC-SHA256&X-Amz-Credential=releaseassetproduction%2F20250123%2Fus-east-1%2Fs3%2Faws4_request&X-Amz-Date=20250123T050501Z&X-Amz-Expires=300&X-Amz-Signature=437d4621e4b6eb9c1f2c13931cbb157f077530ed5a7bae7ae8ae580e053661ec&X-Amz-SignedHeaders=host&response-content-disposition=attachment%3B%20filename%3Drunc.amd64&response-content-type=application%2Foctet-stream

 安装runC

mv runc.amd64 /usr/sbin/runc

 分配权限

chmod +x /usr/sbin/runc

检查版本

runc -v

二，containerd基础命令使用

2.1、镜像管理命令

1. 查看镜像

   • 命令：ctr images ls 或 ctr i ls
   • 描述：列出当前可用的镜像。

2. 拉取镜像

   • 命令：ctr images pull
   • 描述：从远程仓库拉取镜像到本地。
   • 常用参数：-k，跳过TLS验证（如果仓库不支持HTTPS）。
   • 示例：ctr images pull docker.io/library/nginx:latest

3. 导出镜像

   • 命令：ctr images export
   • 描述：将镜像导出到文件中。
   • 常用参数：目标文件名。
   • 示例：ctr images export nginx.tar docker.io/library/nginx:latest

4. 导入镜像

   • 命令：ctr images import
   • 描述：将文件中的镜像导入到本地。
   • 常用参数：镜像文件路径。
   • 示例：ctr images import nginx.tar

2.2、容器管理命令

1. 查看容器

   • 命令：ctr containers ls 或 ctr c ls
   • 描述：列出当前所有容器。

2. 创建容器

   • 命令：ctr container create
   • 描述：创建一个新的容器，但容器不会立即启动。
   • 常用参数：
     • --image 或 -i：指定容器镜像。
     • --name：指定容器名称。
   • 示例：ctr container create docker.io/library/nginx:latest mynginx

3. 启动容器

   • 命令：ctr task start
   • 描述：启动一个静态容器（之前通过ctr container create创建的容器）。
   • 常用参数：容器ID或名称。
   • 示例：ctr task start mynginx

4. 在容器中执行命令

   • 命令：ctr task exec
   • 描述：在运行的容器中执行命令。
   • 常用参数：
     • --exec-id：执行ID（可以自定义）。
     • 容器ID或名称：要执行的命令（如/bin/sh）。
   • 示例：ctr task exec --exec-id 1 mynginx -t /bin/sh

5. 停止并删除容器

   • 通常使用ctr task kill发送信号来停止容器，然后使用ctr container delete删除容器。
   • ctr task kill的-s参数可以指定发送的信号（默认为SIGKILL）。
   • 示例：
     • 停止容器：ctr task kill mynginx
     • 删除容器：ctr container delete mynginx

2.3、其他常用命令

• 查看containerd版本

  • 命令：containerd --version

• 启动containerd服务

  • 命令：systemctl start containerd && systemctl enable containerd && systemctl status containerd

• 配置containerd

  • 可以通过修改/etc/containerd/config.toml文件来配置containerd，例如配置镜像仓库加速地址等。

三、containerd连接私有镜像仓库

3.1、修改配置

vim  /etc/containerd/config.toml

     [plugins."io.containerd.grpc.v1.cri".registry.configs][plugins."io.containerd.grpc.v1.cri".registry.configs."192.168.74.129:5000".auth]username = "admin"password = "Harbor12345"

          # 注释上面那行，添加下面两行[plugins."io.containerd.grpc.v1.cri".registry.mirrors."192.168.74.129:5000"]endpoint = ["http://192.168.74.129:5000"]

192.168.74.129:5000是我自己搭建的Harbor私有仓库

 Harbor私有仓库搭建请参考：搭建Docker私有仓库Harbor_dockerhub私人仓库管理-CSDN博客

 3.2、推送镜像到私有仓库

更改镜像名称

ctr images tag docker.io/nginx:alpine3.20 192.168.74.129:5000/test_obj/docker.io/nginx:alpine3.20

推送镜像 

 #推送镜像
ctr images push --plain-http -u admin:Harbor12345  192.168.74.129:5000/test_obj/docker.io/nginx:alpine3.20 

 -u admin:Harbor12345，私有仓库的用户名和密码

--plain-http:私有仓库仅支持http方式（ctr 拉取、推送 默认是https）

四、启动镜像并访问

先安装runc-v2程序

cp usr/local/bin/containerd-shim-runc-v2 /usr/local/bin/

关闭防火墙，方便其他设别访问端口服务 

systemctl stop firewalld && systemctl disable firewalld

4.1、启动容器

ctr run -d --net-host 192.168.74.129:5000/test_obj/docker.io/nginx:alpine3.20 

局域网其他设备此时就能访问这个nginx服务了

4.2、进入容器内部

ctr task exec --exec-id  75085 -t  my-nginx sh

75085 是taskid 可以通过 ctr task ls 查看 

进入容器内部后 可查看文件信息

4.3、停止容器

 停止容器

ctr t rm my-nginx

删除容器 

ctr c rm my-nginx