Docker入门之运行Nginx案例

运行镜像

如果你直接安装会比较慢, 建议参照附录内容配置镜像之后再执行

# 执行命令过程一：下载容器镜像
docker run -d nginx:latest

命令解释 docker run 启动一个容器 -d 把容器镜像中需要执行的命令以daemon（守护进程）的方式运行 nginx 应用容器镜像的名称，通常表示该镜像为某一个软件 latest 表示上述容器镜像的版本，表示最新版本，用户可自定义其标识，例如v1或v2等

显示内容:

latest: Pulling from library/nginx
a2abf6c4d29d: Pull complete
a9edb18cadd1: Pull complete
589b7251471a: Pull complete
186b1aaa4aa6: Pull complete
b4df32aa5a72: Pull complete
a0bcbecc962e: Pull complete
Digest: sha256:0d17b565c37bcbd895e9d92315a05c1c3c9a29f762b011a10c54a66cd53c9b31
Status: Downloaded newer image for nginx:latest
80948245dada983ce4b4b359793e1e8784cdef14abcd4113b43d0c0e3e3735f4
[root@centos133 ~]#
[root@centos133 ~]#
[root@centos133 ~]# docker ps可以查看命令 查看docker运行的信息
[root@centos133 ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE          COMMAND                  CREATED         STATUS         PORTS     NAMES
80948245dada   nginx:latest   "/docker-entrypoint.…"   5 minutes ago   Up 5 minutes   80/tcp    charming_blackwell
[root@centos133 ~]#

ps显示的COMMAND列表示: 容器执行的命令, 容器如果没有命令就会停止所以一定要有命令运行

查看启动容器信息

docker inspect 80948245dada # 容器ID CONTAINER ID查看结构化的容器信息如IP等

以下截取部分

        "NetworkSettings": {"Bridge": "","SandboxID": "870897ed599108b1232de00b8f4a76778d6a3c5111fe123c520b05b0ce33b5c7","HairpinMode": false,"LinkLocalIPv6Address": "","LinkLocalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,"Ports": {"80/tcp": null},"SandboxKey": "/var/run/docker/netns/870897ed5991","SecondaryIPAddresses": null,"SecondaryIPv6Addresses": null,"EndpointID": "e325e8b758be154354e73a612a00f6b6362984b262080c65f29f1be8e678c3a2","Gateway": "172.17.0.1","GlobalIPv6Address": "","GlobalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,"IPAddress": "172.17.0.2","IPPrefixLen": 16,"IPv6Gateway": "","MacAddress": "02:42:ac:11:00:02","Networks": {"bridge": {"IPAMConfig": null,"Links": null,"Aliases": null,"NetworkID": "86a8f040da173df21bcc63185563c147bcd0020bbb684945ab79b67b802b1080","EndpointID": "e325e8b758be154354e73a612a00f6b6362984b262080c65f29f1be8e678c3a2","Gateway": "172.17.0.1","IPAddress": "172.17.0.2","IPPrefixLen": 16,"IPv6Gateway": "","GlobalIPv6Address": "","GlobalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,"MacAddress": "02:42:ac:11:00:02","DriverOpts": null}}}}
]

访问启动的容器服务

根据上面的IP

curl http://172.17.0.2

查看容器网络

ip a s

显示内容

# 网络桥接,转发到主机之外的昂罗
5: docker0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue state UPlink/ether 02:42:79:27:66:23 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ffinet 172.17.0.1/16 brd 172.17.255.255 scope global docker0valid_lft forever preferred_lft foreverinet6 fe80::42:79ff:fe27:6623/64 scope linkvalid_lft forever preferred_lft forever# 与容器虚拟网络同在一个网络空间, 目的是把容器的网络连接到主机
7: vethd45ecca@if6: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue master docker0 state UPlink/ether f6:12:4f:64:e6:c0 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff link-netnsid 0inet6 fe80::f412:4fff:fe64:e6c0/64 scope linkvalid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
9: vethb3335e1@if8: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue master docker0 state UPlink/ether a6:24:37:4c:0d:ca brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff link-netnsid 1inet6 fe80::a424:37ff:fe4c:dca/64 scope linkvalid_lft forever preferred_lft forever