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Mysql系列：Mysql5.7编译安装--系统环境：Centos7 / CentOS9 Stream

news 2026/3/27 22:07:15

Mysql系列：Mysql5.7编译安装

系统环境：Centos7 / CentOS9 Stream

1：下载mysql源码包

https://dev.mysql.com/downloads/mysql/5.7.html

downloads 选择MySQL Community Server>source_code>Generic Linux (Architecture Independent), Compressed TAR Archive -> 选择需要的mysql版本，下载xxx.tar.gz包

cd /tmp
wget https://dev.mysql.com/get/Downloads/MySQL-5.7/mysql-5.7.43.tar.gz
wget http://sourceforge.net/projects/boost/files/boost/1.59.0/boost_1_59_0.tar.gz

所需资料百度网盘地址

链接：

https://pan.baidu.com/s/1-C0JPrWZVCb2opkiYEUwqQ?pwd=yyds

提取码：yyds

2:安装前准备

添加禁止登陆的mysql用户

groupadd mysql
useradd -g mysql -s /bin/nologin mysql

创建文件路径

mkdir -p /data/mysql            # mysql数据路径
mkdir -p /usr/local/mysql     # mysql服务路径
mkdir -p /var/run/mysql            # mysql pid路径
mkdir -p /var/log/mysql              # mysql log路径

安装扩展依赖

yum -y install gcc gcc-c++ ncurses ncurses-devel cmake

5.7.5以后都需要安装boost

放到 /usr/local/目录

tar xzf /tmp/boost_1_59_0.tar.gz
mv /tmp/boost_1_59_0 /usr/local/
/usr/local/boost_1_59_0/bootstrap.sh
/usr/local/boost_1_59_0/b2 install

解压

cd /tmp
tar -zxvf mysql-5.7.43.tar.gz
cd mysql-5.7.43/

3：编译安装

cmake . -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/usr/local/mysql \-DMYSQL_DATADIR=/data/mysql \-DSYSCONFDIR=/usr/local/mysql/etc \-DMYSQL_UNIX_ADDR==/data/mysql/mysql.sock \-DDOWNLOAD_BOOST=1 \-DWITH_BOOST=/usr/local/boost_1_59_0 \-DWITH_INNOBASE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \-DWITH_PARTITION_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \-DWITH_FEDERATED_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \-DWITH_BLACKHOLE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \-DWITH_MYISAM_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \-DENABLED_LOCAL_INFILE=1 \-DENABLE_DTRACE=0 \-DDEFAULT_CHARSET=utf8mb4 \-DDEFAULT_COLLATION=utf8mb4_general_ci \-DWITH_EMBEDDED_SERVER=1 \-DMYSQL_USER=mysql

说明：

cmake -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/usr/local/mysql \ #指定安装目录
-DMYSQL_DATADIR=/data/mysql \ #mysql数据文件存放目录
-DMYSQL_UNIX_ADDR=/data/mysql/mysql.sock \ #指定mysql.sock地址 -DSYSCONFDIR=/usr/local/mysql/etc MySQL配置文件路径

3.1：cmake常见问题

如果失败了，请删除CMakeCache.txt文件

1）CMake Error at cmake/boost.cmake:81 (MESSAGE): You can download it
with -DDOWNLOAD_BOOST=1 -DWITH_BOOST=

解决：
1：

cd /usr/local/boost
wget http://sourceforge.net/projects/boost/files/boost/1.59.0/boost_1_59_0.tar.gz

2：cmake添加参数

-DDOWNLOAD_BOOST=1 -DWITH_BOOST=/usr/local/boost

重新cmake编译
3.2：make安装

make && make install

3.3：make常见问题-内存不足
错误： c++: internal compiler error: Killed (program cc1plus) mysql编译安装过程内存不足，安装需要2G内存

解决：

# dd if=/dev/zero of=/swapfile bs=1k count=4096000 --获取要增加的4G的SWAP文件块
# mkswap /swapfile -- 创建SWAP文件
# swapon /swapfile -- 激活SWAP文件
# swapon -s -- 查看SWAP信息是否正确

注意, swapfile文件的路径在/var/下
编译完后, 如果不想要交换分区了, 可以删除:

# swapoff /swapfile
# rm -fr /swapfile

重新cmake -> make && make install

4：配置/etc/my.cnf

cp /etc/my.cnf /etc/my.cnf.bak
vim /etc/my.cnf
[client]
port = 3306
socket = /data/mysql/mysql.sock
default-character-set = utf8mb4[mysqld]
port = 3306
user = mysql
pid-file = /var/run/mysql/mysql.pid
socket = /data/mysql/mysql.sock
basedir = /usr/local/mysql
datadir = /data/mysql/log_error               = /var/log/mysql/error.log
slow_query_log          = 1
long_query_time         = 3
slow_query_log_file = /var/log/mysql/slow.logperformance_schema      = 0
explicit_defaults_for_timestampsecure-file-priv=''
sql_mode="STRICT_TRANS_TABLES,NO_ZERO_IN_DATE,NO_ZERO_DATE,ERROR_FOR_DIVISION_BY_ZERO,NO_AUTO_CREATE_USER,NO_ENGINE_SUBSTITUTION"
init-connect    = 'SET NAMES utf8mb4'[mysqldump]
quick
max_allowed_packet = 16M[myisamchk]
key_buffer_size         = 256M
sort_buffer_size        = 8M
read_buffer             = 4M
write_buffer            = 4M

5：初始化数据

/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld --initialize-insecure --user=mysql --basedir=/usr/local/mysql --datadir=/data/mysql

注：之前版本mysql_install_db是在mysql_basedir/script下，5.7放在了mysql_install_db/bin目录下,且已被废弃“–initialize”会生成一个随机密码(~/.mysql_secret)，而”–initialize-insecure”不会生成密码 –datadir目标目录下不能有数据文件

6：配置环境变量

vim /etc/profile.d/mysql.sh
export MYSQL_HOME=/usr/local/mysql
export PATH=$PATH:$MYSQL_HOME/bin

执行source让环境变量立即生效

source /etc/profile

7：将mysql 加入到systemctl中

vim /usr/lib/systemd/system/mysql.service

[Unit]
Description=The Mysql Process Manager
After=syslog.target network.target remote-fs.target nss-lookup.target[Service]
Type=forking
PIDFile=/var/run/mysql/mysql.pid
ExecStart=/usr/local/mysql/support-files/mysql.server start
ExecReload=/bin/kill -s HUP $MAINPID
ExecStop=/bin/kill -s QUIT $MAINPID
PrivateTmp=false[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target

执行：

 systemctl daemon-reload

8：管理MySQL

注意,在这一步可能会遇到很多问题,请确保权限正常

chown -R mysql:mysql /data/mysql/
chown -R mysql:mysql /usr/local/mysql
chown -R mysql:mysql /usr/share/mysql/
chmod -R 777 /var/run/mysql

启动mysql

systemctl start mysql

查看mysql状态

systemctl status mysql

停止mysql状态

systemctl stop mysql

9：配置MySQL安全配置向导mysql_secure_installation

[develop@wd87 data]$ /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql_secure_installation

Securing the MySQL server deployment. Connecting to MySQL using a
blank password. VALIDATE PASSWORD PLUGIN can be used to test
passwords and improve security. It checks the strength of password and
allows the users to set only those passwords which are secure enough.
Would you like to setup VALIDATE PASSWORD plugin?

输入要安装验证密码插件吗?

Press y|Y for Yes, any other key for No: y There are three levels of
password validation policy: LOW Length >= 8 MEDIUM Length >= 8,
numeric, mixed case, and special characters

数字、混合大小写和特殊字符

STRONG Length >= 8, numeric, mixed case, special characters and dictionary
file

输入密码安全等级一般选择 MEDIUM

Please enter 0 = LOW, 1 = MEDIUM and 2 = STRONG: 1 Please set the
password for root here.

输入新密码

New password:

确认密码

Re-enter new password:

Estimated strength of the password: 100

输入是否继续使用提供的密码？

Do you wish to continue with the password provided? (Press y|Y for
Yes, any other key for No) : y By default, a MySQL installation has
an anonymous user, allowing anyone to log into MySQL without having to
have a user account created for them. This is intended only for
testing, and to make the installation go a bit smoother. You should
remove them before moving into a production environment.

输入是否删除匿名用户？

Remove anonymous users? (Press y|Y for Yes, any other key for No) : y
Success. Normally, root should only be allowed to connect from
‘localhost’. This ensures that someone cannot guess at the root
password from the network.

输入不允许root远程登录？

Disallow root login remotely? (Press y|Y for Yes, any other key for
No) : y Success. By default, MySQL comes with a database named
‘test’ that anyone can access. This is also intended only for testing,
and should be removed before moving into a production environment.

输入删除测试数据库并访问它

Remove test database and access to it? (Press y|Y for Yes, any other
key for No) : y

Dropping test database… Success.
Removing privileges on test database… Success. Reloading the privilege tables will ensure that all changes made so far will take
effect immediately.

重新加载特权表将确保所有更改到目前为止所作的规定将立即生效。

Reload privilege tables now? (Press y|Y for Yes, any other key for
No) : y Success.